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Articles 1 - 28 of 28
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Ziegler-Natta Catalyst With High Activity And Good Hydrogen Response, L Sinthusai, W Trakarnpruk, R Strauss
Ziegler-Natta Catalyst With High Activity And Good Hydrogen Response, L Sinthusai, W Trakarnpruk, R Strauss
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Ziegler-Natta catalysts were prepared from chemical reaction route comprising of steps of 1) magnesium complex formation between butyloctyl magnesium and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2) MgCl2 support preparation from the reaction between the magnesium complex and TiCl4 as chlorinating agent and 3) titanation with TiCl4. The catalysts were used for ethylene polymerization using triethylaluminum as a cocatalyst. Effects influencing properties of catalysts and polymerization performance were investigated: triethylaluminum/Mg molar ratio, Ti/Mg molar ratio, addition of electron donor and aging step. Results show that addition of ethylbenzoate as an electron donor resulted in decreased catalytic activity. However it was found that catalytic stability under …
Preparation And Characterization Of Silicon From Rice Hulls, E Swatsitang, M Krochai
Preparation And Characterization Of Silicon From Rice Hulls, E Swatsitang, M Krochai
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
High purity silica can be prepared by reflux raw rice hulls in 1 N HCl for 45 minutes first, then pyrolyzed at 650°C for 3 hours in O2 atmosphere. The obtained white ash was examined by XRD showing a broad peak of amorphous silica at 2 theta = 22 degree. Silicon can be prepared by metallothermal reduction of pure silica at 650°C in Ar atmosphere for 1-3 hours, using magnesium (99% purity) as a reducing agent. High purity silicon (99.98 %) can be obtained by subsequently washing the as-reduced silica with HCl: H2O and HF: H2O solutions. The results from …
A Simple Method For Production Of Humidity Indicating Silica Gel From Rice Husk Ash, J Nayak, J Bera
A Simple Method For Production Of Humidity Indicating Silica Gel From Rice Husk Ash, J Nayak, J Bera
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The objective of the present work is to develop a procedure for obtaining and characterizing active blue silica from rice husk ash. About 25 wt.% silica powder (from total mass of rice husk) of 95% pure silica could be produced after heat-treating at 700°C for 6 hours. A simple method based on alkaline extraction followed by acid precipitation was developed to produce pure silica hydrogel from RHA. A well-defined very minimum amount CoCl2-containing blue silica gel was prepared by impregnation of the aqueous solution of the salt to silica hydrogel, ageing and drying method. The sharp colour changing from blue …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Sio2 Nanowires Prepared From Rice Husk Ash, S Pukird, P Chamninok, S Samran, P Kasian, K Noipa, L Chow
Synthesis And Characterization Of Sio2 Nanowires Prepared From Rice Husk Ash, S Pukird, P Chamninok, S Samran, P Kasian, K Noipa, L Chow
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
SiO2 nanowires were synthesized by thermal evaporation of rice husk ash and coconut shell charcoal with the ratio of 1:2 by weight heated at a temperature of 1,350ο C in atmosphere of nitrogen for 1 hour. The scanning electron microscope and X-rays diffraction instrument are used to characterize the SiO2 nanowires. The SiO2 nanowires synthesized have diameters varying from 40 nm to 200 nm while the lengths were a few micrometers.
Pozzolanic Activity Of Rice Husk Ash: Comparison Of Various Electrical Methods, S Wansom, S Janjaturaphan, S Sinthupinyo
Pozzolanic Activity Of Rice Husk Ash: Comparison Of Various Electrical Methods, S Wansom, S Janjaturaphan, S Sinthupinyo
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The great abundance of rice husk ash (RHA) as low-cost agricultural waste in Thailand makes it the most suitable material for cement-based applications. However, the use of RHA as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) is not yet widespread in Thailand due to the poor pozzolanic activity of most agricultural RHA. Most RHA is incinerated at too high temperatures (usually in excess of 1000ºC) or under uncontrolled conditions as biomass fuel. This reduces the amount of amorphous SiO2 and hence worsens the pozzolanic activity of the resulting RHA. To enhance the use of RHA as an SCM in Thailand, a proper …
Exergetic And Thermoeconomic Analyses Of The Rice-Husk Power Plant In Thailand, P Peerapong, B Limmeechokchai
Exergetic And Thermoeconomic Analyses Of The Rice-Husk Power Plant In Thailand, P Peerapong, B Limmeechokchai
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The purpose of this study is to analyze a rice husk power plant, and consider the efficiency of the power plant through both the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. The energetic and exergetic performance criteria such as thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and exergy loss have been found to be useful methods in design, evaluation, optimization and improvement of thermal power plants. The exergetic efficiency of a power plant shows that the boiler is the major component contributing to total loss, with its exergetic efficiency of 30%, while the steam turbine has the exergetic efficiency of 76%. The …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Silicon-Silicon Carbide Composites From Rice Husk Ash Via Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis, S Niyomwas
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Silicon-Silicon Carbide (Si-SiC) composites were synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) from a powder mixture of rice husk ash (RHA)-C-Mg. The reaction was carried out in a SHS reactor under static argon gas at a pressure of 0.5 MPa. The standard Gibbs energy minimization method was used to calculate the equilibrium composition of the reacting species. The comparison of silica from RHA and commercial sources in the precursor mixture on the Si-SiC conversion has investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope technique. The as-synthesized products of Si-SiC-MgO powders were leached with 0.1M HCl acid solution to obtain the …
Utilization Of Rice Husk To Synthesize High-Performance Phosphors, L Xiong, K Saito, S Wada, E H. Sekiya
Utilization Of Rice Husk To Synthesize High-Performance Phosphors, L Xiong, K Saito, S Wada, E H. Sekiya
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Rice husk (RH) has high C and Si contents, so it can be used not only as a fuel candidate, but also as a low-cost Si source for synthesizing high-performance products. In the present work, we proposed a low-cost route to synthesize high-performance silicate phosphors with RH. RH was burned either as received or as pretreated by HCl washing. The resulting ashes were, respectively, utilized to react with other raw materials at high temperatures to form silicate phosphors. The high-temperature solid-state reaction process was optimized by varying either the temperature or the holding time. The crystallographic and fluorescent properties of …
Preparation Of Silica Gel From Rice Husk Ash Using Microwave Heating, S Rungrodnimitchai, W Phokhanusai, N Sungkhaho
Preparation Of Silica Gel From Rice Husk Ash Using Microwave Heating, S Rungrodnimitchai, W Phokhanusai, N Sungkhaho
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The purpose of this research is to separate silica gel from rice husk ash by microwave heating. The experiments were performed by heating rice husk ash in sodium hydroxide solution with various concentrations in microwave oven for 5 or 10 minutes. The obtained sodium silicate was neutralized to give silica gel. The best condition for silica gel production was the reaction with 2.0 M sodium hydroxide at microwave power of 800 W for 10 minutes. The ability of silica gel as desiccant was investigated by adsorption test. The results showed that silica gel prepared by low concentration of sodium hydroxide …
Utilization Of Silica In Rice Hulls As Raw Materials For Silicon Semiconductors, T Okutani
Utilization Of Silica In Rice Hulls As Raw Materials For Silicon Semiconductors, T Okutani
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Highly pure silicon and silicon compounds are required in high technology products such as semiconductors and solar cells. Rice hulls consist of 71 to 87wt% organic components such as cellulose and 13 to 29wt% inorganic components. In rice hulls, 87 to 97wt% of the inorganic components are silica (SiO2). Rice plants absorb water-soluble siliceous ions via the roots. These ions are transported to stems, leaves and rice hulls by sap flow. In rice hulls, siliceous ions accumulate at the cuticle outside of the epidermis. The production of pure silicon compound (SiCl4) and of silicon metal as the starting material for …
Utilization Of Rice Husk Ash Silica In Controlled Releasing Application, P Prawingwong, C Chaiya, P Reubroycharoen, C Samart
Utilization Of Rice Husk Ash Silica In Controlled Releasing Application, P Prawingwong, C Chaiya, P Reubroycharoen, C Samart
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Mesoporous silica was produced by sol-gel technique using rice husk ash as a silica source which was applied in the drug delivery system. The drug releasing behavior was studied in phosphate buffer using indigo carmine as a drug model. The textural properties of mesoporous silica were characterized and considered with the result of the releasing study. The pore volume and silanol group on the surface of mesoporous silica affected the releasing behavior. The larger pore volume could contain the larger amount of drug which showed fast release. The effect of the silanol group presented an interaction between the drug molecule …
Crystal Habit Of Caco3 Under Different Carbonation Methods, J Ariyaprayoon, U Leela-Adisorn, A Supsakulchai
Crystal Habit Of Caco3 Under Different Carbonation Methods, J Ariyaprayoon, U Leela-Adisorn, A Supsakulchai
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The saturated solutions of Ca(OH)2 were carbonated by CO2 in air under static and turbulent conditions. The saturation state of starting solution and carbonation methods had effect on the crystal habit. The phase of CaCO3 precipitated from saturated solution is calcite. No metastable phase of CaCO3 was found.
Influence Of Impurity Ions On Rice Husk Combustion, L Xiong, K Saito, E H. Sekiya, P Sujaridworakun, S Wada
Influence Of Impurity Ions On Rice Husk Combustion, L Xiong, K Saito, E H. Sekiya, P Sujaridworakun, S Wada
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Rice husk (RH) contains various impurity ions such as K+ , Al3+, Fe3+, Mnn+ (n = 2 - 4), and P-containing acid ions. In the present work, some of their oxides, formed in RH combustion, were found to exert a strong influence on the middle- and late stages of RH combustion, and consequently, strongly affected the structure and properties of the final ash. Very recently, we proved for the first time that the existence of the transition metallic ions in rice husk can lead to a decrease of about 70°C in the terminal combustion temperature (Ttc) of RH. This catalytic …
Effect Of Black Rice Husk Ash Substituted Opc On Strength And Leaching Of Solidified Plating Sludge, R Piyaphanuwat, S Asavapisit
Effect Of Black Rice Husk Ash Substituted Opc On Strength And Leaching Of Solidified Plating Sludge, R Piyaphanuwat, S Asavapisit
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Strength and leachability of the solidified plating sludge using OPC and BHA as solidification binders were investigated. BHA was used to replace OPC at 0, 20 and 30 wt.%, and was used to solidify 30 and 50 wt.% of the plating sludge. Results showed that no strength was observed during the first 7 days of curing when OPC was used to solidify the plating sludge. But when 20 and 30 wt.% of BHA were used to substitute OPC, the solidified wastes containing 50 wt.% of the plating sludge gave strength of 4.5 kg/cm2 at the age of 3 and 4.1 …
Burning Temperature Dependence Of Rice Husk Ashes In Structure And Property, L Xiong, E H. Sekiya, P Sujaridworakun, S Wada, K Saito
Burning Temperature Dependence Of Rice Husk Ashes In Structure And Property, L Xiong, E H. Sekiya, P Sujaridworakun, S Wada, K Saito
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Much attention has been paid to the characterization of the structure and properties of rice husk ash (RHA), but little to the burning temperature dependence of its structure and properties. This dependence is important for the structure and property optimization of RHA in a controllable manner. In this paper, we present a research on the burning temperature dependence of RHA. Rice husk (RH) was burned at various temperatures either as received or after pretreatment by HCl washing. The obtained ashes of both groups exhibit a strong burning temperature dependence of the specific surface area and pore volume, based on the …
Synthesis Of Zeolite A Membrane From Rice Husk Ash, C Bhavornthanayod, P Rungrojchaipon
Synthesis Of Zeolite A Membrane From Rice Husk Ash, C Bhavornthanayod, P Rungrojchaipon
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Rice husk is a major by-product of the rice-processing industries. The burning of rice husk in air results in the formation of rice husk ash (RHA) with a content in SiO2 that varies from 85 to 98% depending on the burning conditions, the furnace type and the rice variety. Numerous studies aimed at using RHA as a cheap alternative source of amorphous silica for the production of silicon based materials with industrial and technological interests. The zeolite gel was prepared with the following batch composition: 3.1Na2O : Al2O3: 1.9SiO2: 128H2O synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with various times from 15 min …
Creep-Rupture Behavior Of Die-Cast Magnesium Alloys, Y B. Unigovski
Creep-Rupture Behavior Of Die-Cast Magnesium Alloys, Y B. Unigovski
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
It is found that the relationship between the time-to-rupture tr and the time to the onset of tertiary creep tοt (tr /tot) in die-cast Mg-9Al alloy is equal to 1.3 and independent of stress, test temperature and diecasting parameters over the range examined. It is shown that the introduction of creep-rupture strain into Monkman-Grant relation modified by Dobeš and Milička demonstrates only the deviation range of the minimum creep rate from the average creep rate. The apparent activation energy Ec of creep is below the value of magnesium self-diffusion energy ESD up to 175o C. At higher temperatures, Ec > ESD, …
Method For The Preparation Of Secondary Emulsions Of Fish Oil In Water, S Siramard, L Dubas, S T. Dubas
Method For The Preparation Of Secondary Emulsions Of Fish Oil In Water, S Siramard, L Dubas, S T. Dubas
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The method for the preparation of stable secondary emulsion has been detailed and discussed in terms of polymer capping and emulsion ratio. The dispersion of omega-3 oil in water by emulsion stabilized with casein was further coated with a polycationic polyelectrolyte, Poly (dially dimethyl ammonium chloride). The stability of the emulsion was studied by turbidity measurements using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The particles size of the primary and secondary emulsion was investigated by light scattering and zeta potential measurements. Results shown in this article provide some details about the mechanism of the formation of secondary emulsion, mainly regarding the polymer/emulsion-mixing ratio.
Interfacial Polymerization Of Water-Soluble Polyaniline And Its Assembly Using The Layer-By-Layer Technique, E Detsri, S T. Dubas
Interfacial Polymerization Of Water-Soluble Polyaniline And Its Assembly Using The Layer-By-Layer Technique, E Detsri, S T. Dubas
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The interfacial polymerization of aniline has been used to prepare water-soluble polyaniline. Polyaniline was made water-soluble by interfacial polymerization in the presence of poly(styrene sulfonated, sodium salt) (PSS), which acted as bundling agent to provide water solubility. The prepared polymer composite was later used for the fabrication of polyaniline nano-thin films using the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique. Film produced by the LbL technique can be used in electro-chromic films, sensors or electro-catalytic films depending on the type of architectures. This paper first presents, a brief review on conducting polymer prepared by interfacial polymerization. Special interest is given to the synthesis …
Mechanical Property Improvement Of Upe Resin From Glycolyzed Pet With Commercial Upe Resin, T Limpiti, P Potiyaraj
Mechanical Property Improvement Of Upe Resin From Glycolyzed Pet With Commercial Upe Resin, T Limpiti, P Potiyaraj
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The aim of this research paper is to improve mechanical properties of cured unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin prepared from glycolyzed PET by mixing with a commercial UPE resin. Postconsumer PET bottles were depolymerized by glycolysis reaction in excess propylene glycol at 190ºC in the presence of zinc acetate as a catalyst. The glycolyzed product was polyesterified with maleic anhydride and mixed with styrene monomer in order to obtain UPE resin. The prepared UPE resin was mixed with a commercially available general purpose grade UPE resin at various ratios. The mixed resins were cured using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cobalt …
Characterizations Of Fibers Produced From Polypropylene/Silica Composite, N Srisawat, M Nithitanakul, K Srikulkit
Characterizations Of Fibers Produced From Polypropylene/Silica Composite, N Srisawat, M Nithitanakul, K Srikulkit
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Fumed silica particles filled polypropylene (PP) filament fibers were prepared by melt spin pilot plant. First, virgin PP and silicas(hydrophilic and hydrophobic) were premixed using twin screw extruder to prepare silica containing PP composite resin. Then, the resin composite was again mixed with virgin PP and spun into filaments with various filler loadings in the range of 0.5 - 2.5 wt%. The characterizations of spun composite fibers including crystallization temperature (DSC analysis), polymer orientation (sonic modulus) and the fine structure (XRD) were studied. XRD results showed β-form crystallinity peak in x-ray pattern of fiber drawn with low take-up speed (300 …
Effect Of Discarded Ppvc Contents On Thermal And Ultraviolet Resistance Of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber, S Patcharaphun, S Chuypun
Effect Of Discarded Ppvc Contents On Thermal And Ultraviolet Resistance Of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber, S Patcharaphun, S Chuypun
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
In this investigation, the discarded plasticized-polyvinyl chloride (pPVC) from the extrusion of weather-seal was added into acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Subsequently, the effects of pPVC contents on the mechanical properties, thermal, ultraviolet and swelling resistances of NBR were studied. The results indicated that scorch and cure time, tensile strength, hardness and swelling resistance increased with the increasing amount of pPVC added. Considering the thermal and ultraviolet resistances, it was observed that the mechanical properties of unfilled NBR decreased due to the desulphurization of the sulphur crosslinks and chain scission during heat and ultraviolet aging. However, the mechanical properties of the …
Thermoplastic Cassava Starch/Sorbitol-Modified Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Blended With Low Density Polyethylene: Properties And Biodegradability Study, S Chuayjuljit, S Hosililak, A Athisart
Thermoplastic Cassava Starch/Sorbitol-Modified Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Blended With Low Density Polyethylene: Properties And Biodegradability Study, S Chuayjuljit, S Hosililak, A Athisart
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The objective of this research paper is to prepare environmentally friendly plastic materials from biodegradable cassava starch, montmorillonite (MMT) and low density polyethylene (LDPE). MMT was first modified by sorbitol via a solid state method. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that sorbitol molecules were intercalated in between MMT layers along 001 direction. Cassava starch was plasticized with sorbitol and formamide on a two-roll mill to obtain thermoplastic starch (TPS). The TPS/modified-MMT nanocomposites were prepared by means of melt blending of TPS with various amounts of MMT (0, 2, 4, and 6 phr). XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results …
Physical Properties Of Polyolefin/Bamboo Charcoal Composites, S Kittinaovarat, W Suthamnoi
Physical Properties Of Polyolefin/Bamboo Charcoal Composites, S Kittinaovarat, W Suthamnoi
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The physical properties of two kinds of polyolefin / bamboo charcoal composites, based upon polypropylene (PP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE), were studied for varying levels of charcoal inclusion between 0 and 20 phr. A Brabender mixer and two-roll mill were used for the mixing process of both polyolefin and bamboo charcoal composites, followed by compression moulding of the homogeneous mixtures to form the composite materials. The tensile strength and Young's modulus were both found to increase, whilst the elongation at break decreased, in a dose-dependent manner with increasing bamboo charcoal content in the composite materials. The tensile strength of …
Effect Of Electron Donor On Pe Polymerization, A Thongdonjui, W Trakarnpruk, R H. Strauss
Effect Of Electron Donor On Pe Polymerization, A Thongdonjui, W Trakarnpruk, R H. Strauss
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
Ziegler-Natta catalyst was prepared from colloidal MgCl2 (from reaction between magnesium ethyl carbonate and aluminium sesquichloride, Al2Et3Cl3) followed by contact with TiCl4. Al/Mg and Ti/Mg molar ratios were studied as parameters affecting the catalyst synthesis. Catalytic performance and effect of electron donor on ethylene polymerization were investigated. Results showed that addition of electron donor (ethyl benzoate) increased activity balance when polymerizations were performed under hydrogen pressure of 1 bar and 3 bars. The morphology of the polymer can be improved while fine content of the polymer was reduced by addition of dicyclopentyl dimethoxysilane. A productivity of 17.3 and 15.0 kg …
Determination Of Yield Behaviour Of Boron Alloy Steel At High Temperature, J Tungtrongpairoj, V Uthaisangsuk, W Bleck
Determination Of Yield Behaviour Of Boron Alloy Steel At High Temperature, J Tungtrongpairoj, V Uthaisangsuk, W Bleck
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The hot tensile test is a basic material testing method for investigation of the mechanical properties of steel at high temperature conditions. In industrial hot sheet forming processes such as hot stamping and hot gas metal forming, the influences of temperature and strain rate on microstructure and material behaviour play a significant role. In this work, sheet samples of steel grade 22MnB5 were examined using a hot deformation simulator. Different temperatures between 900 and 1200°C, which are above Ac3, and strain rates between 0.001 and 0.1 s-1 were considered. During the tensile test, a laser speckle extensometer (LSE) was deployed …
Welding Residual Stresses In Two Competing Single V-Butt Joints, P Wongpanya
Welding Residual Stresses In Two Competing Single V-Butt Joints, P Wongpanya
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
During fabrication of welded components residual stresses are generated as a result of non-uniform temperature distribution during the welding and particularly the cooling processes. The residual stresses have a major effect on the overall performance of the components in service, especially when hydrogen is involved and the components might become prone to Hydrogen Assisted Cold Cracking (HACC). Up to the present, most of the welding standards and specifications to test the resistance of welds against HACC test are without consideration of the restraint intensity provided by the surrounding structure. This may lead to a misunderstanding of the welding heat treatment …
Recycling Of Medical Gown Nonwoven Fabric Manufacturing Waste As A Filler For High Density Polyethylene, P Singsatit, V Pimpan
Recycling Of Medical Gown Nonwoven Fabric Manufacturing Waste As A Filler For High Density Polyethylene, P Singsatit, V Pimpan
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
The objective of this research is to recycle nonwoven fabric waste from medical gown - manufacturing process by using as a filler in high - density polyethylene (HDPE). Before nonwoven fabric waste was mixed with HDPE, this fabric waste was treated with 5, 10 and 15 %w/w of the fabric waste using the treatment time of 2, 3 and 4 hours. The chemical structure of treated fabric waste was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy while scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate its surface morphology. The samples were prepared by compression molding using the amount of fabric waste at 5, 10, …