Engineering Commons^™

A Review Of Baobab (Adansonia Digitata) Products: Effect Of Processing Techniques, Medicinal Properties And Uses, Donatien Kabore, Hagrétou Sawadogo-Lingani, Bréhima Diawara, Clarise Compaoré, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof., Mogens Jacobsen

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

A general literature review including the effect of processing techniques, medicinal value and uses of baobab tree is reported in this manuscript. Baobab tree has multi-purpose uses, as it produces food and non-food products such as medicines, fuel, timber, fodder. Every part of the baobab tree is reported to be useful. The seeds, leaves, roots, flowers, fruit pulp and bark of baobab are edible. Baobab leaves are used in the preparation of soup. Seeds are used as a thickening agent in soups, but they can be fermented and used as a flavouring agent or roasted and eaten as snacks. The …

Improving The Polymer Injection Manufacturing Process By Using Quality Engineering Methodology, Dotan I. Shvorin

Dr. Dotan Shvorin

Using quality engineering tools and methodologies are proven to be the back bone of a successful organization. Yet, they present challenges to engineers because in order to use them correctly the engineer needs to rely on his own analysis. From his findings, the engineer would be able to determine the location and the purpose for each unique quality tool or methodology. This paper presents a quality engineered methodology usage in the polymer injection manufacturing process in order to minimize the manufacturing process defects.

Collaboration Tools For Education - "Learn And Teach Online”, Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim

No abstract provided.

Impulsive Displacement Of A Liquid In A Pipe At High Reynolds Numbers, Gerald G. Kleinstein

Gerald G. Kleinstein

We consider the problem of an impulsive displacement of a liquid, originally at rest in a circular pipe, which is displaced by another liquid. The purpose of this analysis is to show that at a sufficiently high inertia the initial essentially inviscid motion can be extended to cover the entire displacement process, thus creating an inviscid window to which an inviscid analysis can be applied. We simplify the problem first, by considering a 1-liquid problem where the displacing liquid and displaced liquid are the same. We identify two characteristic times in this problem: the time it takes an inviscid liquid …

Optimization Of Supply Chain Planning With Considering Defective Rates Of Products In Each Echelon, Behin Elahi

Behin Elahi

Supply Chain Planning has recently received considerable attention in both academia and industry. The major targets of supply chain planning are to reduce production costs, risks, delays and maximize or improve profit, quality of product, customer service which result in increased competitiveness, more customer satisfaction and portability. In this study, a new bi-objective mathematical modeling for a four-echelon supply chain, consisting multi-supplier, assembler, distribution center and retailer, with considering the defective rates of products is proposed. Then, fuzzy compromise programming method is applied to solve the non-linear mixed-integer bi-objective model. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate application of …

Managing Communication In New Product Development Process: Virtual R&D Teams And Information Technology, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Salwa Hanim Abdul Rashid, Zahari Taha

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Literature proves the importance of the role of information technology in increasing the effectiveness of virtual R&D teams’ communication for new product development. However, the factors that make information technology construct in a virtual R&D team are still ambiguous. Managers of virtual R&D teams for new product development do not know “which type of technology should be used”. To address the gap and answer the question, the paper presents a set of factors that make a construct that contribute to effective communication strategy for virtual R&D teams. The proposed construct has been modified based on the findings of a field …

Magnetic And Microwave Properties Of Ion-Beam-Sputtered Amorphous Feₓco₈₀₋ₓb₁₅Si₅ Films, V. G. Harris, S. A. Oliver, W. B. Nowak, C. Vittoria

Carmine Vittoria

Magnetically soft amorphous films of FeₓCo₈₀₋ₓB₁₅Si₅ (x = 0, 6, 23, 40, 70, 80) were ion beam sputter deposited onto fused quartz for static and microwave magnetic characterization. Films ranged in thickness from 220 to 260 nm and were deposited at rates of 0.1-0.2 nm/s. Saturation magnetization, coercivity, and loop squareness values were extracted from hysteresis loops generated by a vibrating sample magnetometer. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements were taken using a 9.5-GHz cavity with the applied magnetic field both parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the film, yielding values for the g factor, anisotropy field, effective magnetization, and linewidth. Well …

Structural And Magnetic Characterization Of Amorphous Gd₂Fe₁₄B Thin Films, S. E. Bushnell, P. C. Dorsey, W. B. Nowak, C. Vittoria

Carmine Vittoria

Thin amorphous films of nominal composition Gd₂Fe₁₄B were fabricated on Si (100) substrates using ion‐beam sputtering for the purpose of establishing their structural and magnetic properties at room temperature. X‐ray‐diffraction scans performed on as‐deposited and annealed films revealed an amorphous structure. The as‐deposited saturation magnetization was found to be 8101 G at room temperature suggesting ferrimagnetic ordering with anti‐parallel coupling similar to other heavy rare earth‐transition metal systems. Results from in‐plane and perpendicular ferromagnetic resonance experiments conducted at 9.108 GHz showed the films to be inhomogeneous. This was evident from the presence of two in‐plane resonance lines and spin‐wave spectra …

The Measurement Of Magnetostriction Constants Of Thin Films Using Planar Microwave Devices And Ferromagnetic Resonance, S. E. Bushnell, W. B. Nowak, S. A. Oliver, C. Vittoria

Carmine Vittoria

In this paper we introduce a new technique for measuring the saturation magnetostriction constant (λs) for isotropic polycrystalline thin films. The technique makes use of nonresonant planar microwave structures together with a novel stressing mechanism to induce a shift in the resonant field of a magnetic thin film as measured by a ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiment. Measurement of the shift induced by a uniaxial stress allows for determination of λs via a magnetic resonance analysis. Either a slotline device or coplanar waveguide (CPW) was used as the source of the microwave excitation field depending upon the orientation of the dc …

Effects Of Boron Implantation In Films Of Iron-Nickel, J. Ryu, K. Castell, W. Nowak, C. Vittoria

Carmine Vittoria

We have implanted boron ions into films of Fe-Ni alloy composition. A homogeneous distribution of boron was determined from the sputter Auger analysis with a concentration of 18% and 34% for low- and high-dose implantation, respectively. The resistivity of film was increased by a factor of 2 and 4 as a result of low- and high-dose implantation, respectively. The magnetic properties of these films are studied as a function of annealing temperature by using FMR measurements. Both the uniaxial anisotropy field and FMR linewidth are dramatically decreased as a result of annealing at elevated temperatures. The changes of effective magnetization …

Magnetic And Structural Investigation Of Heat Treated Ion Beam Sputtered Amorphous Co₇₄Fe₆B₁₅Si₅ Films, V. G. Harris, S. A. Oliver, W. B. Nowak, C. Vittoria, R. J. Culbertson, W. T. Elam, K. H. Kim

Carmine Vittoria

As-deposited and annealed specimens of ion beam sputtered amorphous Co₇₄Fe₆B₁₅Si₅ thin films were examined to explore the correlation between changes in magnetic properties and atomic structure. Specimens were characterized magnetically, by traditional ac and dc techniques and structurally, via conversion-electron extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis. Results show significant ordering of the higher order atomic shells around the transition metal ions well below the crystallization temperature. This ordering evolves into a body- centered-cubic configuration around both the Co and Fe ions. Increases in nearest neighbor peak positions in the EXAFS Fourier transforms were observed to correlate with increasing annealing temperatures. …

The Effectiveness Of Virtual R&D Teams In Smes: Experiences Of Malaysian Smes, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Salwa Hanim Abdul Rashid, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Essential Oil And Methanol Extract Of Matricaria Chamomilla L. From Djibouti, Fatouma M. Abdoul-Latif, Mohamed Nabil, Prosper Edou, Adwa A. Ali, Samatar O. Djama, Louis-Clément Obamé, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof.

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

The essential oil and methanol extracts of Matricaria Chamomilla L. were subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by two complementary test systems, namely 2,2-diphenykpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. BHT was used as positive control in both test systems. In the DPPH test system, the IC50 values of essential oil and methanol extracts were 4.18 and 1.83 μg/ml, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid system, oxidation was effectively inhibited by M. Chamomilla, the RAA value of essential oil and methanol extracts were 12.69 and 11.37 %, respectively. When compared to BHT, the essential oil and methanol …

Magnetic And Microwave Properties Of Ion-Beam-Sputtered Amorphous Feₓco₈₀₋ₓb₁₅Si₅ Films, V. G. Harris, S. A. Oliver, W. B. Nowak, C. Vittoria

Vincent G. Harris

Magnetically soft amorphous films of FeₓCo₈₀₋ₓB₁₅Si₅ (x = 0, 6, 23, 40, 70, 80) were ion beam sputter deposited onto fused quartz for static and microwave magnetic characterization. Films ranged in thickness from 220 to 260 nm and were deposited at rates of 0.1-0.2 nm/s. Saturation magnetization, coercivity, and loop squareness values were extracted from hysteresis loops generated by a vibrating sample magnetometer. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements were taken using a 9.5-GHz cavity with the applied magnetic field both parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the film, yielding values for the g factor, anisotropy field, effective magnetization, and linewidth. Well …

Magnetic And Structural Investigation Of Heat Treated Ion Beam Sputtered Amorphous Co₇₄Fe₆B₁₅Si₅ Films, V. Harris, S. Oliver, W. Nowak, C. Vittoria, R. Culbertson, W. Elam, K. Kim

Vincent G. Harris

As-deposited and annealed specimens of ion beam sputtered amorphous Co₇₄Fe₆B₁₅Si₅ thin films were examined to explore the correlation between changes in magnetic properties and atomic structure. Specimens were characterized magnetically, by traditional ac and dc techniques and structurally, via conversion-electron extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis. Results show significant ordering of the higher order atomic shells around the transition metal ions well below the crystallization temperature. This ordering evolves into a body- centered-cubic configuration around both the Co and Fe ions. Increases in nearest neighbor peak positions in the EXAFS Fourier transforms were observed to correlate with increasing annealing temperatures. …

How To Increase H-Index#11;, Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Publishing a high quality paper in scientific journals is a halfway of receiving citation in the future. The rest of the way is advertising and disseminating the publications by using the proper “Research Tools”. Familiarity with the tools allows the researcher to increase his/her#11; h-index in the short time. H-index shows the academicians influences in the specified field of research. Therefore, a person with higher level of h-index has more high quality publications with high amount of citations. This presentation, covers the following topics: Why publish and increase h-index?, Definition of h-index and g-index, Importance of h-index, How to use …

Virtual Collaborative R&D Teams In Malaysia Manufacturing Smes, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Salwa Hanim Abdul Rashid, Zahari Taha

Nader Ale Ebrahim

This paper presents the results of empirical research conducted during March to September 2009. The study focused on the influence of virtual research and development (R&D) teams within Malaysian manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The specific objective of the study is better understanding of the application of collaborative technologies in business, to find the effective factors to assist SMEs to remain competitive in the future. The paper stresses to find an answer for a question “Is there any relationship between company size, Internet connection facility and virtuality?”. The survey data shows SMEs are now technologically capable of performing …

Virtual R&D Teams: A Potential Growth Of Education-Industry Collaboration, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Introduction: With the advent of the global economy and high-speed Internet, online collaboration is fast becoming the norm in education and industry [1]. Information technology (IT) creates many new inter-relationships among businesses, expands the scope of industries in which a company must compete to achieve the competitive advantage. Information systems and technology allow companies to coordinate their activities in distant geographic locations [2]. IT is providing the infrastructure necessary to support the development of new collaboration forms among industry and education. Virtual research and development (R&D) teams represent one such relational form, one that could revolutionize the workplace and provide …

Virtual Teams And Management Challenges, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha

Nader Ale Ebrahim

Introduction: Collaboration is becoming increasingly important in creating the knowledge that makes business more competitive. Virtual teams are growing in popularity [1] and many organizations have responded to their dynamic environments by introducing virtual teams. Additionally, the rapid development of new communication technologies such as the Internet has accelerated this trend so that today, most of the larger organization employs virtual teams to some degree [2]. A growing number of flexible and adaptable organizations have explored the virtual environment as one means of achieving increased responsiveness [3]. Howells et al. [4] state that the shift from serial to simultaneous and …

Biodepollution Of Wastewater Containing Phenolic Compounds From Leather Industry By Plant Peroxidases, Mamounata Diao, Nafissetou Ouedraogo, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Paul W. Savadogo, Georges N'Guessan Amani, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof.

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

This study deals with the use of peroxidases (POXs) from Allium sativum, Ipomoea batatas, Raphanus sativus and Sorghum bicolor to catalyze the degradation of free phenolic compounds as well as phenolic compounds contained in wastewater from leather industry. Secretory plant POXs were able to catalyze the oxidation of gallic acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol and 1,4-tyrosol prepared in ethanol 2% (v:v). Efficiency of peroxidase catalysis depends strongly on the chemical nature of phenolic substrates and on the botanical source of the enzymes. It appeared that POX from Raphanus sativus had the highest efficiency. Results show that POXs can also …

How To Conduct A Literature Review, Nader Ale Ebrahim

Nader Ale Ebrahim

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Impact Of Patient Arrival Patterns In The Performance Of Appointment Scheduling Rules, Alcides Santander-Mercado, Jose Zayas-Castro, Laila Cure, Ali Yalcin

Laila Cure

This paper evaluates the ability of commonly used Appointment Scheduling Rules (ASRs) in smoothing the effect of environmental factors in the performance of an outpatient scheduling system. ASRs have been widely implemented in outpatient clinics to improve performance measures such as staff idle time, patient waiting time, and facility congestion. However, the successful implementation of an ASR depends on its ability in dealing with the environmental factors affecting the system. Factors such as no-shows, variability of consultation times, patient unpunctuality, walk-in patient arrivals and the number of admitted patients per session affect the performance of the clinics in terms of …

The Best Selection Of Strategic Plans In Balanced Scorecard Using Multi-Objective Decision Making Model, J Dodangeh

Jay Daniel