Engineering Commons^™

Anammox Process For Nitrogen Removal: Development Of Sustainable Gel Beads And Its Application In Fluidized Bed Reactors (Fbrs), Mohammad M I Chowdhury

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes have been widely used for removing wastewater nitrogen because of effectiveness, economics, and environmental friendliness. Considering the energy requirements for nitrification and need for external carbon for denitrification in conventional BNR processes, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (anammox) processes facilitate energy-neutral or net energy positive biological treatment as well as reduce operational costs because of reduction in aeration energy, which constitutes 50%-60% of the overall energy consumption at municipal wastewater treatment plants, elimination of external organic carbon requirements, and lower sludge production. However, one of the major challenges in the practical application of the anammox process is …