Engineering Commons^™

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Ze Spalania Odpadów Ściekowych W Piecu Półkowym, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The article presents incineration tests of silty-tar sludge produced in the wastewater treatment plant for coke industry. Sewage sludges were incinerated in a full-scale multiple hearth incinerator equipped with a wet flue-gas cleaning system (alkaline scrubber). Measurements of air pollutant emissions were carried out both before and after the cleaning system. The obtained results allow to conclude that the thermal utilization of sewage sludge in this type of installation might be just a little cumbersome for the environment, using the appropriate equipment for the purification of exhaust gases. The paper also specifies minimum exhaust gas cleaning performance that guarantees compliance …

Wdrażanie Monitoringu Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Atmosferycznego W Kielcach, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

Assumptions for regional environmental monitoring in the province of Kielce were developed as early as 1992. Since the beginning of particular attention were monitoring the air. The article presents the next step in the implementation of this monitoring, associated with verification of the location and the measuring range of points to measure the concentrations of air pollutants in Kielce. As a result of analysis and calculations, it was found that the original location is not always correct and does not reflect the spatial differentiation of pollutant concentrations. The proposed changes in the position of monitoring points or measurement methods were …

Zastosowanie Metody Obliczeniowo-Pomiarowej Do Oceny Stanu Zanieczyszczenia Powietrza W Nowym Sączu, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Assessment of the state of air pollution in the urban area is a difficult and complex task. Depending on the method of assessment the procedure requires a comprehensive research and calculations of air emissions from all sources occurring in the area and the use of atmospheric dispersion models or large-scale implementation of direct measurements of air pollutant concentrations. Both of these methods may also be applied simultaneously to their mutual verification.

The article presents the results of such a comprehensive assessment of air pollution on the example of the city of Nowy Sacz (Poland). This involved determining the emissions of …

Obliczanie Emisji Par Węglowodorów Z Przemysłu Rafineryjnego, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The negative effects of the refining industry for ambient air quality is mainly related to emissions of hydrocarbon vapors. Calculation methodology and estimates, the level of emissions from several years has been the research subject of many institutions and environmental agencies, including The Oil Companies’ European association for health, safety and environment in refining and distribution (CONCAWE) and American Petroleum Institute (API).

The article describes the main sources of emissions of hydrocarbons occurring in a typical refinery. In summary form also shows how to calculate the volume of a mixture of hydrocarbons emissions from these sources based on empirically validated …

Badania Emisji Chlorowodoru I Związków Fluoru Podczas Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of measurements of the concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and fluoride compounds (as HF) in raw and purified combustion gases discharged from the incineration of selected hazardous wastes. The study included two installations operating on an industrial scale: a multiple hearth furnace and a rotary kiln incinerator equipped with a single wet flue gas cleaning systems. In the multiple hearth furnace was being incinerated sludge from coke industry. In the rotary kiln were being incinerated coal (coke) tars, contaminated cleaning rags, sawdust, used gloves, outdated pharmaceuticals and medicines, hospital waste, waste paints, varnish and lubricant, …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Ze Spalania Odpadów Farmaceutycznych I Poszpitalnych W Piecu Obrotowym, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The work presents the problem of management and thermal treatment of medicines and hospital wastes and investigation results of incineration of these waste in the full-scale rotary kiln with wet gas cleaning equipment (alkaline scrubber). On the basis of measurements of air pollutant concentrations in combustion gases, maximum dose of these wastes in the feed to the kiln was specified in order to ensure a relatively low stack emissions using the hypothetical high-efficiency flue-gas treatment system.

English title: Pollutant emissions from incineration of pharmaceutical and hospital waste in a rotary kiln.

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Ze Spalania Odpadów Przemysłowych W Piecu Obrotowym, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of measurements of the concentration of selected pollutants in the flue gases from the incineration of industrial wastes in a full-scale rotary kiln. The study included three waste mixtures introduced into the kiln: 1) coal tar waste (tar origin of coke); 1) waste paints, varnish and lubricant; 3) resin and rubber waste. The article also assesses the effectiveness of the existing wet flue gas cleaning system (alkaline scrubber) and specifies minimum exhaust gas purifying performance guarantees compliance with European emission standards for waste incineration.

English title: Pollutant emissions from incineration of industrial waste in a …

Modeling Plant Uptake Of Metal In Constructed Wetlands Supported By Experimentally Derived Uptake Rates, Michael B. Peake

Theses and Dissertations

Many communities and Air Force installations are using constructed wetlands to filter trace metals from their stormwater runoff. Constructed wetlands are attractive to industry for runoff mitigation because they are relatively cheap to build and operate and require little or no energy for operation. The purpose of this research project is to develop quantitative concepts for understanding the dynamics of metal uptake in constructed wetland plants by constructing a system dynamics model supported by experimental observation and offer environmental managers a tool to simulate, under a broad range of conditions, long term wetland exposure to stormwater runoff contaminated with trace …

Study Of Desorption Of Contaminant From Synthetic Soil, Kung-Fu Hwang

Theses and Dissertations

A better understanding of sorption and desorption processes could improve estimates of time and cost required for remedial activities, exposure times and health risk, and bioavailability. Conventional rate-limited sorption models do not accurately define the diffusion domain at the grain scale. Heyse (1994) proposed the multiple sites in series (MSS) model, which allows more general description of the geometry of the sorption domain than the classical spherical or discrete distributions. A version of this model was tested by deVenoge (1996). The model was able to accurately simulate sorption rate data, but could not estimate unique geometry parameters. This research is …

A Comparative Analysis Of Two Alternatives To Chemical Aircraft Paint Stripping, George P. Joyce Ii

Theses and Dissertations

The Air Force must periodically strip and paint its aircraft to prevent the damaging effects of corrosion. The paint removal process typically involves the use of toxic chemicals such as methylene chloride which are soon to be banned as a result of impending environmental regulations and increased costs associated with handling and disposing of such material. The Air Force must choose an alternative to methylene chloride chemical stripping which complies with environmental regulations and reduces costs. This thesis compares the life cycle costs and environmental impacts of two alternatives to chemical aircraft stripping. Plastic Media Blasting (PMB) and Modified Medium …

Development Of Synthetic Soils For Sorption Mass Transfer Model Validation, Thomas P. De Venoge

Theses and Dissertations

Existing sorption models often fail to describe grain scale sorption because of an inability to define the diffusion domain. A proposed improved model required testing to determine model validity. The testing method used a synthetic media of known geometry such that the distribution of sorption sites was known. Sorption rate data was obtained using batch experiments with the media. Data was used in comparison against model predicted rates. Fined sorption site distributions were compared to real distributions obtained by controlling sorbent geometries. Comparison determined model performance in fitting known distributions. The focus of this study was to (1) determine what …

Environmental Restoration Project, Peer Review Process Assessment, Paul A. Schantz

Theses and Dissertations

Installation Restoration Program (IRP) projects often cost over $250 thousand, and projects over $1.5 million are common. To ensure these projects are risk based, technically sound, and cost effective, the Air Force instituted a peer review program in 1992. The objective of this research is to describe and analyze the peer review process. Through triangulation of data from interviews, observations, official and academic documents, and surveys, seven constructs were discovered: focus, agenda, facilitator, written preparation, oral presentation, team characteristics, and reviewer characteristics. A questionnaire was used to gather perceptions of peer review effectiveness--the criterion variable--and of the seven constructs. A …

Investigation Of Sorption Mass Transfer Models Using Synthetic Soils, Karla K. Mika

Theses and Dissertations

Grain-scale sorption mass transfer is an important process that must be considered when predicting clean-up time and choosing remediation techniques for subsurface hazardous waste contamination. Rate-limited sorption is responsible for the rebound effect, where remediated groundwater is recontaminated by desorption. Sorbed contaminants are not available for microbial degradation, and the desorption rate may govern the effectiveness of natural attenuation by biodegradation. Grain-scale sorption nonequilibrium is generally attributed to diffusive transport, either in SOM or in mineral micropores. Typically used sorption mass transfer models either fail to reproduce long-term slow desorption (first-order models), or are based on diffusion in assumed (often …

Emisja Związków Siarki Z Procesu Wielkopiecowego, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper describes the problem of the presence of sulfur in the blast furnace process and identifies emission sources of sulfur compounds in this process. On the basis of the measurements and calculations, the types and quantities of these compounds emitted to the air were determined. It was found that pig iron smelting in a blast furnace causes emissions of COS, SO2 and H2S. These emissions occur by losses of blast furnace gas (COS and SO2), transport of blast furnace slag inside the furnace hall (SO2) and treatment of the slag by granulation (H2S). However, the most important are only …

Wpływ Komponentów Alkalicznych W Procesach Spiekania I Wielkopiecowym Na Technologię I Emisję Zanieczyszczeń, Marian Mazur, Ryszard Benesch, Andrzej Łędzki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the impact of alkali metals on sintering and blast furnace processes and air pollutant emissions including particulate matter. On the basis of the balance calculations, it was found that the main source of alkali (Na2O and K2O) in the sintering process is a raw mixture unweathered. The calculations showed that the level of dust emissions from the sinter strand to a large extent depends on: the total alkali content in a mixture of sinter, ash content in coke breeze, K2O concentration in coke ash and alkalinity of the produced sinter. Alkali metals are introduced into the blast …

Development Of Site Characterization Simulator Specifications, Jeffrey L. Heiderscheidt

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for evaluating data quality when characterizing a potentially contaminated groundwater aquifer, and to provide a basis for developing a simulator to allow environmental managers and engineers to practice and learn about the site characterization process. Specifically, this study characterized the uncertainty, estimation block size, and cost for the various methods of determining the value of each geological, hydrological, and contaminant parameter necessary to characterize a site. Research entailed identifying site characterization objectives and identifying parameters necessary to obtain those objectives. Methods of estimating each parameter were identified, then research was …

Biodegradation And Landfill Settlement, Shailesh Pisolkar

Theses

The most widely used method for the final disposal of solid waste is landfilling, which is also economical and simpler than most other disposal systems. Long term settlement in a landfill occurs mainly due to biodegradation of the refuse which is a very slow microbiological process. However, if the rate of biodegradation is enhanced, it may be possible to achieve early stabilization, faster settlement, consequently more capacity of the landfill to handle waste.

The objective of this research is to study the effects of enhanced biodegradation on settlement and to compare these results to other models used for predicting landfill …

Solidification/Stabilization Of Petroleum Contaminated Soils With Cold Mix Asphalt Concrete, Nazhat Aboobaker

Theses

In this research Petroleum Contaminated Soils (PCSs) are recycled in Cold Mix Asphalt (CMA), to produce a useful product that can control potential environmental threats. The stability, durability, and hydraulic conductivity are three important engineering parameters that need to be considered when using petroleum contaminated soils (PCSs) in cold mix asphalt (CMA). In this research, stability, durability, and hydraulic conductivity due to the addition of six different PCSs into CMA is investigated. The stability test were performed to determine if cold mix asphalt made with petroleum contaminated soil can withstand heavy traffic. The freeze-thaw, and wet-dry tests were performed to …

Monitoring Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Wokół Elektrowni "Jaworzno Iii", Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Ryszard Kozakiewicz

Robert Oleniacz

The article presents the concept of system of monitoring of air pollution around the Power Plant "Jaworzno III" in Jaworzno (Poland), whose objective is to evaluate the impact of this object on air quality. This system is based on a few measuring points and a mobile station should also allow for the assessment of ecological effects associated with the use of low-emission burners in power boilers (reduction of NOx emission) and run the wet installation of flue gas desulfurization (reduction of SO2 emission). An additional aim of the measurements is to identify the possible effects of a changes in the …

Kompleksowa Ocena Jakości Powietrza W Nowym Sączu Przy Pomocy Metody Obliczeniowo-Pomiarowej, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of air pollution in the city of Nowy Sącz (Poland). This involved determining the emissions of selected pollutants from various sources with their percentages of the total emission and immission on the area under consideration. As a result of measurement of concentrations of particulate matter and benzo(a)pyrene in several parts of the city were verified results of theoretical calculations and determined the size of the inflow of pollutants from outside the area in question.

English title: A comprehensive assessment of air quality in Nowy Sącz using computational and measuring methods.

Prognozowanie Wpływu Motoryzacji Na Poziom Stężenia Ozonu W Przyziemnej Warstwie Atmosfery, Marek Bogacki, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents an approach for assessing the impact of road transport on the level of ozone concentrations in the ground layer of the atmosphere. The developed method consists in emission inventory on the analyzed area for road transport and calculations using the model of chemical reactions in the troposphere.

Using this method it is possible to display waveforms daily ozone concentrations in the air, and evaluate the effectiveness of the decisions related to the prevention of occurrence of photochemical smog in urban and industrial agglomerations.

English title: Predicting the impact of motoring on the level of ozone concentration in …

Emisja Chlorowodoru I Związków Fluoru Ze Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of measurements of the concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and fluoride compounds (as HF) in raw and purified combustion gases discharged from the incineration of selected hazardous wastes. The study included two installations operating on an industrial scale: a multiple hearth furnace and a rotary kiln incinerator equipped with a single wet flue gas cleaning systems. In the multiple hearth furnace was being incinerated sludge from coke industry. In the rotary kiln were being incinerated coal (coke) tars, contaminated cleaning rags, sawdust, used gloves, outdated pharmaceuticals and medicines, hospital waste, waste paints, varnish and lubricant, …

Separation Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons By Using Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography, Patricia Simmons

Theses

In this work, the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for the separation of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds is investigated. All of the compounds studied are listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants.

In micellar electrokinetic chromatography, solutes partition between the aqueous phase and the micellar phase. This partition is based on the hydrophobicity of each compound. In some cases, organic modifiers are added to the electrophoretic solution to enhance the separation efficiency. The organic modifier used in this study is y-cyclodextrin (y-CD), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is used as the micellar phase. …

Advanced Characterization And Leaching Behavior Of Hexavalent And Trivalent Chromium From Waste Material, Erik Moerman

Theses

In this thesis we employed advanced characterization techniques such as XRF, XRD, XPS, SEM, and EDS to provide detailed information about the chromium waste _ specifically chromium valence states (Cr(VI) and Cr(III)), and their chemical association with other phases in the waste matrix.

The removal of Cr(VI) was accomplished by leaching with aqueous solutions containing inorganic anions such as Cl^-, SO₄^2-, PO₄^3- and others. Cr(VI) can be released from the waste by a combination of desorption and ion exchange processes. The efficiency and kinetics of displacing CrO₄^2- from the waste by …

Termiczna Utylizacja Odpadów W Spalarni "Lobbe" W Dąbrowie Górniczej – Problemy Emisji Zanieczyszczeń, Marian Mazur, Ryszard Januszek, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents selected results of comprehensive studies of air quality impact assessment carried out for the „LOBBE” incineration plant in Dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland) in 1995. It focused mainly on air emissions problems. Stack concentrations and emissions of selected air pollutants formed during thermal treatment processes of different kinds of waste materials and incinerators is performed. The study covered both sludge and slime incinerated in a multiple hearth furnace and four example groups of waste materials incinerated in a rotary furnace. The research have helped confirm the levels of air emissions as a function of the type of incinerated waste …

Organic Matter Characterization Of Virginia Rivers And Reservoirs, Susanne Margaret Lockhart

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Research was conducted on characterizing the DOC characteristics and to discern whether spatial and temporal variations exist in these characteristics as impacted by seasonal, hydrologic or other factors. Data was cumulative of two studies: the State-Wide Survey in which water samples were taken in March and July 1995 from surface waters in four physiographic regions of Virginia and the James River Peninsula Survey concentrating on reservoirs and rivers on the James River Peninsula.

Results illustrate that the two largest fractions of DOC were the hydrophilic and hydrophobic acid fractions. An increase in DOC was observed between the mountains and the …

Method And Apparatus For Destroying Organic Compounds In Fluid, Yin Zhang, John C. Crittenden, David W. Hand, David L. Perram

Michigan Tech Patents

An apparatus for the photocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants in fluid includes a reactor and a photocatalyst affixed to support material. Preferably, the outer wall of the reactor is constructed of material transmissive of ultraviolet radiation. The support material preferably is transmissive of ultraviolet radiation. The support material can also be an adsorbent material. Also, a method for photocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants in fluid. Also, a method for preparation of a supported photocatalyst. Also, a supported photocatalyst adapted for the photocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants in fluid. Also, a method for preparing a photocatalyst adapted for the photocatalytic oxidation …

Proceedings: Seventeenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Rohnert Park, California, March 5-7, 1996 (Complete Work), Robert M. Timm , Editor, A. Charles Crabb , Editor

Proceedings of the Seventeenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1996

340 registered attendees
58 papers
273 pages
52 Mb

You have come from throughout California, from across the United States, and from many corners of the world to gather here for the purpose of sharing information, expertise, and wisdom in dealing with vertebrate pest problems. Our common purpose is to find yet better methods for preventing and resolving situations in which wildlife comes into conflict with humans. The Conference's mission remains one of education. We learn from each other, and we strive to find better ways of applying our knowledge to real-world problems.

Zanieczyszczenie Powietrza Kotliny Sądeckiej Przez Przemysł Elektrodowy, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The article evaluates the impact of electrode industry (production of carbon and graphite electrodes in the plant Polgraph SA) on air quality in the Kotlina Sądecka valley and the city Nowy Sącz (Poland). The work presents completed so far environmental investments and the level of emissions of selected air pollutants characteristic of the analyzed facility, including PAHs emissions. Based on the modeling of the dispersion of pollutants in ambient air was determined the levels of pollutant concentrations in the air and location of most affected areas. The calculation results were compared with the results of direct measurements. Particular attention was …

Sensivity Analysis And Design Calculations With Biofiltration Models, Michael Lawrence Cohen

Theses

Biofiltration is a new technology for biological treatment of volatile organic compounds present in airstreams. It is a complex process and thus, engineering models which attempt to describe it are by necessity very involved and contain a large number of parameters.

In this study, two models describing biofiltration of airstreams carrying a single pollutant (VOC) were used in detailed parameter-sensitivity studies. One model concerned biofiltration under steady-state conditions, while the second described the transient behavior of the process. The intent of the sensitivity studies was to determine which model parameters need to be known with accuracy in order to allow …