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Articles 1 - 30 of 59
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Exploitation Of Unintentional Information Leakage From Integrated Circuits, William E. Cobb
Exploitation Of Unintentional Information Leakage From Integrated Circuits, William E. Cobb
Theses and Dissertations
Unintentional electromagnetic emissions are used to recognize or verify the identity of a unique integrated circuit (IC) based on fabrication process-induced variations in a manner analogous to biometric human identification. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated through an extensive empirical study, with results presented indicating correct device identification success rates of greater than 99:5%, and average verification equal error rates (EERs) of less than 0:05% for 40 near-identical devices. The proposed approach is suitable for security applications involving commodity commercial ICs, with substantial cost and scalability advantages over existing approaches. A systematic leakage mapping methodology is also proposed to …
Linear-Quadratic Control Of A Mems Micromirror Using Kalman Filtering, Jamie P. Schnapp
Linear-Quadratic Control Of A Mems Micromirror Using Kalman Filtering, Jamie P. Schnapp
Theses and Dissertations
The deflection limitations of electrostatic flexure-beam actuators are well known. Specifically, as the beam is actuated and the gap traversed, the restoring force necessary for equilibrium increases proportionally with the displacement to first order, while the electrostatic actuating force increases with the inverse square of the gap. Equilibrium, and thus stable open-loop voltage control, ceases at one-third the total gap distance, leading to actuator snap-in. A Kalman Filter is designed with an appropriately complex state dynamics model to accurately estimate actuator deflection given voltage input and capacitance measurements, which are then used by a Linear Quadratic controller to generate a …
Development Of A Grond-Based High-Resolution 3d-Sar System For Studying The Microwave Scattering Characteristics Of Trees, Justin Frank Penner
Development Of A Grond-Based High-Resolution 3d-Sar System For Studying The Microwave Scattering Characteristics Of Trees, Justin Frank Penner
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents the development of a high-resolution ground-based 3D-SAR system and investigates its application to microwave-vegetation studies. The development process of the system is detailed including an enumeration of high-level requirements, discussions on key design issues, and detailed descriptions of the system down to a component level. The system operates on a 5.4 GHz (C-band) signal, provides a synthetic aperture area of 1.7 m x 1.7 m, and offers resolution of 0.75 m x 0.3 m x 0.3 m (range x azimuth x elevation). The system is employed on several trees with varying physical characteristics. The resulting imagery demonstrates …
Improved Stereo Vision Methods For Fpga-Based Computing Platforms, Wade S. Fife
Improved Stereo Vision Methods For Fpga-Based Computing Platforms, Wade S. Fife
Theses and Dissertations
Stereo vision is a very useful, yet challenging technology for a wide variety of applications. One of the greatest challenges is meeting the computational demands of stereo vision applications that require real-time performance. The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a readily-available technology that allows many stereo vision methods to be implemented while meeting the strict real-time performance requirements of some applications. Some of the best results have been obtained using non-parametric stereo correlation methods, such as the rank and census transform. Yet relatively little work has been done to study these methods or to propose new algorithms based on …
Bearing-Only Cooperative-Localization And Path-Planning Of Ground And Aerial Robots, Rajnikant Sharma
Bearing-Only Cooperative-Localization And Path-Planning Of Ground And Aerial Robots, Rajnikant Sharma
Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we focus on two fundamental problems related to the navigation of ground robots and small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs): cooperative localization and path planning. The theme running through in all of the work is the use of bearing only sensors, with a focus on monocular video cameras mounted on ground robots and UAVs. To begin with, we derive the conditions for the complete observability of the bearing-only cooperative localization problem. The key element of this analysis is the Relative Position Measurement Graph (RPMG). The nodes of an RPMG represent vehicle states and the edges represent bearing measurements …
Optimized Hyperspectral Imagery Anomaly Detection Through Robust Parameter Design, Francis M. Mindrup
Optimized Hyperspectral Imagery Anomaly Detection Through Robust Parameter Design, Francis M. Mindrup
Theses and Dissertations
Anomaly detection algorithms for hyperspectral imagery (HSI) are an important first step in the analysis chain which can reduce the overall amount of data to be processed. The actual amount of data reduced depends greatly on the accuracy of the anomaly detection algorithm implemented. Most, if not all, anomaly detection algorithms require a user to identify some initial parameters. These parameters (or controls) affect overall algorithm performance. Regardless of the anomaly detector being utilized, algorithm performance is often negatively impacted by uncontrollable noise factors which introduce additional variance into the process. In the case of HSI, the noise variables are …
Fpga Bootstrapping Using Partial Reconfiguration, Patrick Sutton Ostler
Fpga Bootstrapping Using Partial Reconfiguration, Patrick Sutton Ostler
Theses and Dissertations
Partial reconfiguration (PR) is the process of configuring a subset of resources on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) while the remainder of the device continues to operate. PR extends the usability of FPGAs and makes it possible to perform design bootstrapping. Just like bootstrapping in PCs, bootstrapping in FPGAs consists of using a small application to initialize basic services and load a larger, more complex application to the device. Bootstrapping allows for unique design applications that can be used to maintain communication services, increase design security, reduce initial configuration time, and reduce nonvolatile configuration memory storage. This thesis presents …
The Effects Of Mental Training On Brain Computer Interface Performance With Distractions, John Larocco
The Effects Of Mental Training On Brain Computer Interface Performance With Distractions, John Larocco
Theses and Dissertations
The overall success of a brain computer interface (BCI) is largely dependent on the features used to make decisions. Noise in the electroencephalography (EEG) increases the difficulty of acquiring meaningful features. Previous literature suggests teaching subjects meditation and relaxation techniques may improve features relevant to BCI operation. The purpose of this study was to investigate performance on several cognitive protocols for both individuals who use meditation techniques and those who do not use these techniques. Both groups were given a motor imagery based BCI protocol, a P300 speller BCI, a verbal learning task, and an N-back test. No significant difference …
Using Reputation Based Trust To Overcome Malfunctions And Malicious Failures In Electric Power Protection Systems, Jose E. Fadul
Using Reputation Based Trust To Overcome Malfunctions And Malicious Failures In Electric Power Protection Systems, Jose E. Fadul
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation advocates the use of reputation-based trust in conjunction with a trust management framework based on network flow techniques to form a trust management toolkit (TMT) for the defense of future Smart Grid enabled electric power grid from both malicious and non-malicious malfunctions. Increases in energy demand have prompted the implementation of Smart Grid technologies within the power grid. Smart Grid technologies enable Internet based communication capabilities within the power grid, but also increase the grid's vulnerability to cyber attacks. The benefits of TMT augmented electric power protection systems include: improved response times, added resilience to malicious and non-malicious …
Critical Information Technology On Fpgas Through Unique Device Specific Keys, Miles E. Mcgee
Critical Information Technology On Fpgas Through Unique Device Specific Keys, Miles E. Mcgee
Theses and Dissertations
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are being used for military and other sensitive applications, the threat of an adversary attacking these devices is an ever present danger. While having the ability to be reconfigured is helpful for development, it also poses the risk of its hardware design being cloned. Static random access memory (SRAM) FPGA's are the most common type of FPGA used in industry. Every time an SRAM-FPGA is powered up, its configuration must be downloaded. If an adversary is able to obtain that configuration, they can clone sensitive designs to other FPGAs. A technique that can be used …
Integrated Approach To Free Space Optical Communications In Strong Turbulence, Jason A. Tellez
Integrated Approach To Free Space Optical Communications In Strong Turbulence, Jason A. Tellez
Theses and Dissertations
The propagation of a free space optical communication signal through atmospheric turbulence experiences random fluctuations in intensity, including signal fades which negatively impact the communications link performance. This research develops an analytical probability density function (PDF) to model the best case scenario of using multiple independent beams to reduce the intensity fluctuations. The PDF was further developed to account for partially correlated beams, such as would be experienced by beams having finite separation. The PDF was validated with results obtained from digital simulations as well as lab experiments. The research showed that as the number of transmitted beams increases the …
The Pulled-Macro-Dataflow Model: An Execution Model For Multicore Shared-Memory Computers, Daniel Joseph Richins
The Pulled-Macro-Dataflow Model: An Execution Model For Multicore Shared-Memory Computers, Daniel Joseph Richins
Theses and Dissertations
The macro-dataflow model of execution has been used in scheduling heuristics for directed acyclic graphs. Since this model was developed for the scheduling of parallel applications on distributed computing systems, it is inadequate when applied to the multicore shared-memory computers prevalent in the market today. The pulled-macro-dataflow model is put forth as an alternative to the macro-dataflow model, having been designed specifically to accurately describe the memory bandwidth limitations and request-driven nature of communications characteristic of today's machines. The performance of the common scheduling heuristics DSC and CASS-II are evaluated under the pulled-macro-dataflow model and it is shown that their …
Vision-Based Path Planning, Collision Avoidance, And Target Tracking For Unmanned Air And Ground Vehicles In Urban Environments, Huili Yu
Theses and Dissertations
Unmanned vehicle systems, specifically Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) have found potential use in both military and civilian applications. For many applications, unmanned vehicle systems are required to navigate in urban environments where obstacles with various types and sizes exist. The main contribution of this research is to offer vision-based path planning, collision avoidance, and target tracking strategies for Unmanned Air and Ground vehicles operating in urban environments. Two vision-based local-level frame mapping and planning techniques are first developed for Miniature Air Vehicles (MAVs). The techniques build maps and plan paths in the local-level frame of …
Hyperspectral-Based Adaptive Matched Filter Detector Error As A Function Of Atmospheric Profile Estimation, Allan W. Yarbrough
Hyperspectral-Based Adaptive Matched Filter Detector Error As A Function Of Atmospheric Profile Estimation, Allan W. Yarbrough
Theses and Dissertations
Hyperspectral imagery is collected as radiance data. This data is a function of multiple variables: the radiation profile of the light source, the reflectance of the target, and the absorption and scattering profile of the medium through which the radiation travels as it reflects off the target and reaches the imager. Accurate target detection requires that the collected image matches as closely as possible the known "true" target in the classification database. Therefore, the effect of the radiation source and the atmosphere must be removed before detection is attempted. While the spectrum of solar light is relatively stable, the effect …
Active Impedance Matching And Sensitivity Optimized Phased Array Feed Design For Radio Astronomy, David E. Carter
Active Impedance Matching And Sensitivity Optimized Phased Array Feed Design For Radio Astronomy, David E. Carter
Theses and Dissertations
One of the many challenges in radio astronomy is the ability to make accurate measurements quickly. In recent years engineers and astronomers have begun implementing phased array feeds (PAFs) as a way to negate the long observation times required by single antenna feeds. Unfortunately, large mutual coupling and other loss terms result in low sensitivity, restricting PAF usefulness in on dish observation. This thesis addresses several ways to reduce mutual coupling and maximize sensitivity for PAFs in radio astronomy. Antenna design of this magnitude requires accurate modeling capabilities. To this end, electromagnetic software models and low loss component designs are …
Achieving Grid Parity For Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems In New Jersey, Ulrich Schwabe
Achieving Grid Parity For Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems In New Jersey, Ulrich Schwabe
Theses and Dissertations
With photovoltaic (PV) power systems becoming ever more prevalent in today's world, it is an inevitability that this renewable energy technology becomes more competitive from a price standpoint. Explored in this thesis are several engineering optimization and cost reduction methods that will enable large scale PV system costs to achieve grid parity in the next few years without requiring government subsidies or market support techniques. This research included actual data from numerous real world, large scale photovoltaic projects the author engineered in the northeastern United States and is informed by those design optimizations, best practice guidelines for proper photovoltaic system …
Tailoring The Spectral Transmission Of Optofluidic Waveguides, Brian S. Phillips
Tailoring The Spectral Transmission Of Optofluidic Waveguides, Brian S. Phillips
Theses and Dissertations
Optofluidics is a relatively new and exciting field that includes the integration of optical waveguides into microfluidic platforms. The purpose of this field of study is to miniaturize previously developed optical systems used for biological and chemical analysis with the end goal of placing bench-top optics into microscopic packages. Mundane optical alignment and sample manipulation procedures would then be intrinsic to the platform and allow measurements to be completed quickly and with reduced human interaction. Biosensors based on AntiResonant Reflecting Optical Waveguides (ARROWs) consist of hollow-core waveguides used for fluid sample manipulation and analysis, as well as solid-core waveguides used …
Robust Signaling, Scheduling And Authentication In The Multi-User Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Channel, Yan Shi
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks are known to be able to achieve throughput performance superior to that available from single-input single-output (SISO) systems. However, when applying MIMO in multi-user networks, achieving this throughput advantage requires efficient precoding and optimal network scheduling. Furthermore, MIMO radios can help ensure security in a multi-user network. Previous work has proposed various precoding techniques for the MIMO broadcast channel, based either on channel state information (CSI) or channel distribution information (CDI), which achieve optimal or near- optimal MIMO channel throughput. The performance of these techniques largely depends on the availability of the channel information at the …
Automated Fixed-Point Analysis And Bit Width Selection In Digital Signal Processing Circuits Using Ptolemy, Derrick S. Gibelyou
Automated Fixed-Point Analysis And Bit Width Selection In Digital Signal Processing Circuits Using Ptolemy, Derrick S. Gibelyou
Theses and Dissertations
When designing custom hardware to implement signal processing algorithms, it is important to select bitwidths that meet the minimum error requirements while minimizing implementation area. Larger bitwidths reduce error, but increase area, while selecting smaller bitwidths does the opposite. Finding the set of bitwidths that produces the smallest area that still meets the error requirements has been shown to be NP-hard. To address this problem, many heuristics have been developed. Unfortunately, they are not always well documented and do not have available source code. It is also di cult to know which algorithm to try to use. This thesis addresses …
Development Of An Experimental Phased-Array Feed System And Algorithms For Radio Astronomy, Jonathan Charles Landon
Development Of An Experimental Phased-Array Feed System And Algorithms For Radio Astronomy, Jonathan Charles Landon
Theses and Dissertations
Phased array feeds (PAFs) are a promising new technology for astronomical radio telescopes. While PAFs have been used in other fields, the demanding sensitivity and calibration requirements in astronomy present unique new challenges. This dissertation presents some of the first astronomical PAF results demonstrating the lowest noise temperature and highest sensitivity at the time (66 Kelvin and 3.3 m^2/K, respectively), obtained using a narrowband (425 kHz bandwidth) prototype array of 19 linear co-polarized L-band dipoles mounted at the focus of the Green Bank 20 Meter Telescope at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Green Bank, West Virginia. Results include …
Incremental Learning Of Concept Drift From Imbalanced Data, Gregory Ditzler
Incremental Learning Of Concept Drift From Imbalanced Data, Gregory Ditzler
Theses and Dissertations
Learning data sampled from a nonstationary distribution has been shown to be a very challenging problem in machine learning, because the joint probability distribution between the data and classes evolve over time. Thus learners must adapt their knowledge base, including their structure or parameters, to remain as strong predictors. This phenomenon of learning from an evolving data source is akin to learning how to play a game while the rules of the game are changed, and it is traditionally referred to as learning concept drift. Climate data, financial data, epidemiological data, spam detection are examples of applications that give rise …
Fpga Communication Framework For Communication, Debugging, Testing, And Rapid Prototyping, Peter Andrew Lieber
Fpga Communication Framework For Communication, Debugging, Testing, And Rapid Prototyping, Peter Andrew Lieber
Theses and Dissertations
FPGA-CF is an open-source, portable, extensible communications framework that consists of a small hardware core (less than 600 slices) and a software library/API (Java and C++). It enables a host PC to transmit data at 120 Mb/s to Xilinx-based FPGA boards via Ethernet using standard inter-networking protocols (UDP/IP). A custom lightweight connection-oriented protocol guarantees reliability. The hardware core is directly connected to the Xilinx internal configuration port (ICAP) and supports all ICAP functionality. The core also provides an extensible user-channel interface and provides up to 15, 8-bit user-data channels that can be connected to user circuitry (configurable by the user). …
Magnetic Field Sensing With Slab Coupled Optical Fiber Sensors, Bryson J. Shreeve
Magnetic Field Sensing With Slab Coupled Optical Fiber Sensors, Bryson J. Shreeve
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis reports an in-fiber magnetic field sensor that is able to detect magnetic fields as low as 2 A/m at a spatial resolution of 1 mm. The small sensor consists of a magneto-optic slab waveguide, bismuth-doped rare earth iron garnet (Bi-RIG) that is coupled to an optical fiber. By coupling light from the fiber to the slab waveguide, it becomes an in-fiber magnetic field sensor. This is due to the Magneto-Optic Kerr effect; a change in refractive index is proportional to the applied magnetic field. When an AC field is applied, an AC component in the output power can …
Integration Of Micropore And Nanopore Features With Optofluidic Waveguides For Single Particle Sensing, Matthew R. Holmes
Integration Of Micropore And Nanopore Features With Optofluidic Waveguides For Single Particle Sensing, Matthew R. Holmes
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation outlines the research and development of ground-breaking nanometer sized openings (nanopores) integrated with an on-chip optofluidic platform. This platform represents a significant advancement for single nanoparticle sensing. In this work specifically, the integrated optofluidic platform has been used to electrically and optically filter and detect single nanoparticles using ionic current blockade and fluorescence experiments. The correlation of electrical and optical signal has provided the highest sensitivity single nanoparticle measurements ever taken with integrated optofluidic platforms. The particular optofluidic platform used for this work is an antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW). ARROW hollow and solid core waveguides are interference …
A Wideband Precision Quadrature Phase Shifter, Steve T. Noall
A Wideband Precision Quadrature Phase Shifter, Steve T. Noall
Theses and Dissertations
A new circuit is proposed that uses an RC-CR filter in a feedback configuration to achieve a wideband precision quadrature phase shift with constant amplitude response. Such a circuit can be used to perform image rejection in a low IF receiver using the Hartley method. Simulation results show that the circuit can achieve an average image rejection ratio of 50 dB over a 16 MHz bandwidth. The feedback loop enables the circuit to maintain high accuracy over process and temperature.
Performance Analysis And Optimization Of The Winnow Secret Key Reconciliation Protocol, Kevin C. Lustic
Performance Analysis And Optimization Of The Winnow Secret Key Reconciliation Protocol, Kevin C. Lustic
Theses and Dissertations
Currently, private communications in public and government sectors rely on methods of cryptographic key distribution that will likely be rendered obsolete the moment a full-scale quantum computer is realized, or efficient classical methods of factoring are discovered. There are alternative methods for distributing secret key material in a post-quantum era. One example of a system capable of securely distributing cryptographic key material, known as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), is secure against quantum factorization techniques as its security rests on generally accepted laws of quantum physics. QKD protocols typically include a phase called Error Reconciliation, a clear-text classical-channel discussion between legitimate …
Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Arrays, Benjamin L. Crossley
Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Arrays, Benjamin L. Crossley
Theses and Dissertations
This effort exploits the unique physical and electrical characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for field emission applications. Carbon nanotube field emission devices are designed, fabricated, and tested. Two reliable CNT synthesis methods, microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPE-CVD) and thermal chemical vapor deposition (T-CVD), are developed. The physical properties of the resulting CNTs are analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then tested for field emission performance. The T-CVD grown CNTs are shown to have fewer growth defects, but suffer from less process control making integration into devices difficult without further process development. Field emission testing …
Characterizing Cyclostationary Features Of Digital Modulated Signals With Empirical Measurements Using Spectral Correlation Function, Mujun Song
Theses and Dissertations
Signal detection is widely used in many applications. Some examples include Cognitive Radio (CR) and military intelligence. CRs use signal detection to sense spectral occupancy. Without guaranteed signal detection, a CR cannot reliably perform its role. Similarly, signal detection is the first step for garnering an opponent's information. Wireless signal detection can be performed using many different techniques. Some of the most popular include matched filters, energy detectors (which use measurements such as the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the signal), and Cyclostationary Feature Detectors (CFD). Among these techniques, CFD can be viewed as a compromise technique, in that it …
Multi-Year Arctic Sea Ice Classification Using Quikscat, Aaron M. Swan
Multi-Year Arctic Sea Ice Classification Using Quikscat, Aaron M. Swan
Theses and Dissertations
Long term trends in Arctic sea ice are of particular interest with regard to global temperature, climate change, and industry. This thesis uses microwave scatterometer data from QuikSCAT and radiometer data to analyze intra- and interannual trends in first-year and multi-year Arctic sea ice. It develops a sea ice type classification method. The backscatter of first-year and multi-year sea ice are clearly identifiable and are observed to vary seasonally. Using an average of the annual backscatter trends obtained from QuikSCAT, a classification of multi-year ice is obtained which is dependent on the day of the year (DOY). Validation of the …
Advancements In The Solid-State Impact-Ionization Multiplier (Sim) Through Theory, Simulation And Design, Michael S. Johnson
Advancements In The Solid-State Impact-Ionization Multiplier (Sim) Through Theory, Simulation And Design, Michael S. Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation outlines the study and development of a Solid-state Impact-ionization Multiplier (SIM). The SIM is a stand-alone current amplifier designed with optical detection systems in mind. The SIM amplifies signals utilizing impact ionization as a source of gain. The SIM is fabricated on silicon in order to take advantage of its favorable impact ionization coefficients. Utilizing silicon in impact ionization based gain devices makes low noise and high gains attainable. Because it is a stand-alone device, it can be wired to an arbitrary current source making it capable of receiving an input from photodiodes of any material. This makes …