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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
The Effect Of Contact Length On Adhesion Between Carbon Nanotubes On Silicon Dioxide, Robert C. Davis, Kaylee Mcelroy, Aaron R. Hopkins
The Effect Of Contact Length On Adhesion Between Carbon Nanotubes On Silicon Dioxide, Robert C. Davis, Kaylee Mcelroy, Aaron R. Hopkins
Faculty Publications
The force of adhesion was measured for single walled carbon nanotubes grown over lithographically defined silicon dioxide trenches. We varied contact lengths between the nanotubes and silicon dioxide from 230 to 850 nm. Suspended nanotubes were pushed vertically into the trenches with an atomic force microscope tip, causing them to slip along the surface. Previous work done at shorter contact lengths found that tension was constant with contact length [J. D. Whittaker et al., Nano Lett. 6, 953 (2006)]. This study finds that when the nanotube contact length approaches 1 µm, the tension at which nanotubes slip begins to increase …
Wireless Power Transmission To A Buried Sensor In Concrete, Khan M.Z. Shams, Mohammod Ali
Wireless Power Transmission To A Buried Sensor In Concrete, Khan M.Z. Shams, Mohammod Ali
Faculty Publications
The feasibility of sending wireless power to a buried sensor antenna within concrete was studied. a receive patch rectenna with 75.8% conversion efficiency was designed for operation at 5.7 GHz. The received DC power at the rectenna was measured within dry and wet concrete samples with various cover thicknesses and air-gaps. For the rectenna buried within 30 mm of the concrete, the received DC power was 10.37 mW, which was, about 70% of the received DC power in free-space.
Polarization Rotation Correction In Radiometry: An Error Analysis, David G. Long, Derek Hudson, Jeffrey R. Piepmeier
Polarization Rotation Correction In Radiometry: An Error Analysis, David G. Long, Derek Hudson, Jeffrey R. Piepmeier
Faculty Publications
Yueh proposed a method of using the third Stokes parameter TU to correct brightness temperatures such as Tv and Th for polarization rotation. This paper presents an extended error analysis of the estimation of Tv , Th, and TQ equiv Tv - Th by Yueh's method. In order to carry out the analysis, we first develop a forward model of polarization rotation that accounts for the random nature of thermal radiation, receiver noise, and (to first order) calibration. Analytic formulas are then derived for the bias, standard deviation (STD), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of estimated TQ, Tv , and Th, …
Cognitive Radio: Fundamentals And Opportunities., Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza
Cognitive Radio: Fundamentals And Opportunities., Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza
Faculty Publications
This talk is aimed at MSEE students in San Jose State University. It provides an overview of cognitive radio concepts and technologies. A MATLAB Simulink of demonstration of digital channel selection using a low IF radio architecture is presented. Technical challenges that remain to be solved in this area are identified.
Byu Wideband Mimo Channel Sounder Technical Reference Manual, Jon W. Wallace
Byu Wideband Mimo Channel Sounder Technical Reference Manual, Jon W. Wallace
Faculty Publications
This document serves as a technical reference manual for the wideband multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) wireless channel sounder developed at the Wireless Research Laboratory at Brigham Young University. The development of this system is considered an "open hardware project," which means that the details of the system may be freely used by others interested in designing and building similar systems. Also, it is hoped that the open hardware methodology will lead to fruitful cooperation in improving the system and sharing ideas.
Silicon Dioxide-Encapsulated High-Voltage Algan/Gan Hfets For Power-Switching Applications, N. Tipirneni, V. Adivarahan, Grigory Simin, Asif Khan
Silicon Dioxide-Encapsulated High-Voltage Algan/Gan Hfets For Power-Switching Applications, N. Tipirneni, V. Adivarahan, Grigory Simin, Asif Khan
Faculty Publications
In this letter, new approach in achieving high breakdown voltages in AlGan/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) by suppressing surface flashover using solid encapsulation material is presented. Surface flashover in III-Nitride-based HFETs limits the operating voltages at levels well below breakdown voltages of GaN. This premature gate-drain breakdown can be suppressed by immersing devices in high-dielectric-strength liquids (e.g., Fluorinert); however, such a technique is not practical. In this letter, AlGan/GaN HFETs encapsulated with PECVD-deposited SiO2 films demonstrated breakdown voltage of 900 V, very similar to that of devices immersed in Fluorinert liquid. Simultaneously, low dynamic ON-resistance of 2.43 m Omega. cm(2) …
Experiments In Cooperative Timing For Miniature Air Vehicles, Derek R. Nelson, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard
Experiments In Cooperative Timing For Miniature Air Vehicles, Derek R. Nelson, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard
Faculty Publications
This paper presents experimental results for two cooperative timing missions carried out using a team of three miniature air vehicles (MAVs). Using a cooperative timing algorithm based on coordination functions and coordination variables, the MAV team executed a series of simultaneous arrival and cooperative fly-by missions. In the presence of significant wind disturbances, the average time difference between the first and last vehicle in the simultaneous arrival experiments was 1.6 s. For the cooperative fly-by experiments, the average timing error between vehicle arrivals was 0.6 s. These results demonstrate the practical feasibility of the cooperative timing approach.
Information Consensus And Its Application In Multi-Vehicle Cooperative Control, Ella Atkins, Randal Beard, Wei Ren
Information Consensus And Its Application In Multi-Vehicle Cooperative Control, Ella Atkins, Randal Beard, Wei Ren
Faculty Publications
In the last two decades, advances in networking and distributed computing have facilitated a paradigm shift from large, monolithic mainframe computers to networks of less expensive, less powerful workstations. One motivation for multi-vehicle systems is to achieve the same gains for mechanically controlled systems as has been gained in distributed computation. Rather than having a single monolithic (and therefore expensive and complicated) machine do everything, the hope is that many inexpensive, simple machines, can achieve the same, or enhanced functionality, through coordination. In essence, the objective is to replace expensive complicated hardware with software and multiple copies of simple hardware. …
Time-Varying Mimo Channels: Parametric Statistical Modeling And Experimental Results, Michael A. Jensen, Shuangquan Wang, Ali Abdi, Jari Salo, Hassan M. El-Sallabi, Jon W. Wallace, Pertti Vainikainen
Time-Varying Mimo Channels: Parametric Statistical Modeling And Experimental Results, Michael A. Jensen, Shuangquan Wang, Ali Abdi, Jari Salo, Hassan M. El-Sallabi, Jon W. Wallace, Pertti Vainikainen
Faculty Publications
Accurate characterization of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels is an important prerequisite for the design of multiantenna wireless-communication systems. In this paper, a single-bounce two-ring statistical model for the time-varying MIMO flat fading channels is proposed. In the model, both the base and mobile stations are surrounded by their own ring of scatterers. For the proposed model, a closed-form expression for the spatio-temporal cross-correlational function between any two subchannels is derived, assuming single-bounce scattering. The new analytical expression includes several key physical parameters of interest such as the mean angle-of-departure, the mean angle-of-arrival, the associated angle spreads, and the Doppler …
Optimization Of Nano-Magneto-Optic Sensitivity Using Dual Dielectric Layer Enhancement, Aaron R. Hawkins, J. D. Maas, S. Wang, A. Barman, Holger Schmidt, S. Kwon, B. Harteneck, S. Cabrini, J. Bokor
Optimization Of Nano-Magneto-Optic Sensitivity Using Dual Dielectric Layer Enhancement, Aaron R. Hawkins, J. D. Maas, S. Wang, A. Barman, Holger Schmidt, S. Kwon, B. Harteneck, S. Cabrini, J. Bokor
Faculty Publications
We discuss maximization of the sensitivity of magneto-optical detection of single nanomagnets. We show that a combination of optimized dielectric coating on the magnets with an antireflection coated substrate can increase the areal magneto-optic sensitivity by about three orders of magnitude in the deep nanometer range. A dual layer nanofabrication process is developed to implement this approach, and magnetization switching of single nickel nanomagnets with 50 nm diameter is demonstrated.
Optimal Noise Matching For Mutually-Coupled Arrays, Michael A. Jensen, Karl F. Warnick
Optimal Noise Matching For Mutually-Coupled Arrays, Michael A. Jensen, Karl F. Warnick
Faculty Publications
From classical two-port noise theory, the noise figure of an amplifier is minimized when a source is matched to a particular optimal reflection coefficient at the amplifier input. In this paper, we show that this result extends in a natural way to the multiport case, with a coupled N-port source network such as an array antenna connected by a multiport matching network to the inputs of N low-noise amplifiers. For optimal noise performance, the matching network must decouple the array and present isolated, individually noise-matched ports to the amplifier inputs.
Adaptive Control Strategy For Active Power Sharing In Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery Power Sources, Zhenhua Jiang, Lijun Gao, Roger A. Dougal
Adaptive Control Strategy For Active Power Sharing In Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery Power Sources, Zhenhua Jiang, Lijun Gao, Roger A. Dougal
Faculty Publications
Hybrid systems composed of fuel cells and batteries combine the high energy density of fuel cells with the high power density of batteries. A dc/dc power converter is placed between the fuel cell and the battery to balance the power flow between them and greatly increase the peak output power of the hybrid. This paper presents an adaptive control strategy for active power sharing in the hybrid power source. This control strategy can adjust the output current setpoint of the fuel cell according to the state-of-charge (or voltage) of the battery, and is applicable in two topologies of active fuel …
Band Discontinuity Measurements Of The Wafer Bonded Ingaas/Si Heterojunction, Aaron R. Hawkins, Kyle S. Mckay, Felix P. Lu, Jungsang Kim, Changhyun Yi, April S. Brown
Band Discontinuity Measurements Of The Wafer Bonded Ingaas/Si Heterojunction, Aaron R. Hawkins, Kyle S. Mckay, Felix P. Lu, Jungsang Kim, Changhyun Yi, April S. Brown
Faculty Publications
p-type InGaAs/Si heterojunctions were fabricated through a wafer fusion bonding process. The relative band alignment between the two materials at the heterointerface was determined using current-voltage (I-V) measurements and applying thermionic emission-diffusion theory. The valence and conduction band discontinuities for the InGaAs/Si interface were determined to be 0.48 and 0.1 eV, respectively, indicating a type-II band alignment.
On-Chip Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection Using Integrated Liquid-Core Waveguides, Aaron R. Hawkins, Evan J. Lunt, Phillip Measor, Leo Seballos, Dongliang Yin, Jin Z. Zhang, Holger Schmidt
On-Chip Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection Using Integrated Liquid-Core Waveguides, Aaron R. Hawkins, Evan J. Lunt, Phillip Measor, Leo Seballos, Dongliang Yin, Jin Z. Zhang, Holger Schmidt
Faculty Publications
The authors demonstrate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection on an optofluidic chip. Interconnected solid- and liquid-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) form a planar beam geometry that allows for high mode intensities along microfluidic channels containing molecules optimized for SERS. The excitation power and concentration dependence of SERS from rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules adsorbed to silver nanoparticles were systematically studied. The data can be described by a model that takes into account the microphotonic structure. Detection sensitivity to a minimum concentration of 30 nM is found, demonstrating the suitability of ARROW-based optofluidic chips for high sensitivity detection with molecular specificity
Size Dependent Damping In Picosecond Dynamics Of Single Nanomagnets, Aaron R. Hawkins, J. D. Maas, S. Wang, A. Barman, Holger Schmidt, Liddle A. Kwon, J. Bokor
Size Dependent Damping In Picosecond Dynamics Of Single Nanomagnets, Aaron R. Hawkins, J. D. Maas, S. Wang, A. Barman, Holger Schmidt, Liddle A. Kwon, J. Bokor
Faculty Publications
The authors use time-resolved cavity-enhanced magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy to study the damping of magnetization precession in individual cylindrical nickel nanomagnets. A wide range of shapes (diameters of 5 µm–125 nm and aspect ratio: 0.03–1.2) is investigated. They observe a pronounced difference in damping between the micro- and nanomagnets. Microscale magnets show large damping at low bias fields, whereas nanomagnets exhibit bias field-independent damping. This behavior is explained by the interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane precession modes in microscale magnets that results in additional dissipative channels. The small and robust damping values on the nanoscale are promising for implementation of controlled …
An Overview Of Mav Research At Brigham Young University, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard, D. Blake Barber, Nathan B. Knoebel
An Overview Of Mav Research At Brigham Young University, Timothy W. Mclain, Randal W. Beard, D. Blake Barber, Nathan B. Knoebel
Faculty Publications
This paper summarizes research efforts at Brigham Young University related to the control of miniature aerial vehicles (MAVs). Recent results in the areas of vector field path following, precision landing and target prosecution, target localization, obstacle detection and avoidance, tailsitter aircraft control, and cooperative control are presented.
Experimental Characterization Of The Outdoor Mimo Wireless Channel Temporal Variation, Michael A. Jensen, Karl F. Warnick, Jon W. Wallace, Ajay Gummalla, Harry B. Lee
Experimental Characterization Of The Outdoor Mimo Wireless Channel Temporal Variation, Michael A. Jensen, Karl F. Warnick, Jon W. Wallace, Ajay Gummalla, Harry B. Lee
Faculty Publications
Time-variant multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels are measured in an outdoor campus environment at 2.45 GHz with directional patch arrays and omnidirectional monopole arrays. A number of useful metrics are proposed for quantifying time variation in MIMO channels: eigenvalue level crossing rate, eigenvector angular deviation, and capacity loss for delayed transmit and receive channel state information (CSI). Measurements in four different environments confirm the strong correlation between angular spread of multipath and MIMO channel time variability. The rate of time variation is also strongly influenced by the type of array, indicating that directional elements may be advantageous for highly mobile environments. …
The Relationship Between Antenna Loss And Superdirectivity In Mimo Systems, Michael A. Jensen, Nicolas W. Bikhazi
The Relationship Between Antenna Loss And Superdirectivity In Mimo Systems, Michael A. Jensen, Nicolas W. Bikhazi
Faculty Publications
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems can theoretically use array superdirectivity to optimally exploit the propagation channel. This superdirectivity leads to very large capacity bounds, particularly when the antennas are closely spaced. However, because superdirective behavior is difficult to achieve in practice, new capacity bounds have been formulated for the case where the level of array superdirectivity is constrained. Existing capacity analyses limit the superdirectivity in a suboptimal way. In this paper, the impact of superdirectivity in the capacity solution is limited by introducing finite ohmic loss in the transmit and receive antenna elements. Computational results reveal that even a small …
Spatial And Temporal Behavior Of Microwave Backscatter Directional Modulation Over The Saharan Ergs, David G. Long, Haroon Stephen
Spatial And Temporal Behavior Of Microwave Backscatter Directional Modulation Over The Saharan Ergs, David G. Long, Haroon Stephen
Faculty Publications
Radar backscatter (σ˚) from ergs is modulated with view direction [incidence (θ) and azimuth (φ) angles], where the modulation characteristics reflect the surface geometry. σ˚ also varies spatially and reflects the spatial inhomogeneity of the sand surface. We use σ˚ measurements at different θ and φ angles from the NASA, European Remote Sensing satellite, and SeaWinds scatterometers to understand the relationship between wind and erg bedforms. A model incorporating the σ˚ φ-modulation and spatial inhomogeneity is proposed. Surface slope variations are related to the σ˚ spatial inhomogeneity. We compare the backscatter model results with numerically predicted wind direction data provided …
Final Report: Shf Channel Modeling Over Sea-Based Test Ranges, Qiang Lei, Michael D. Rice
Final Report: Shf Channel Modeling Over Sea-Based Test Ranges, Qiang Lei, Michael D. Rice
Faculty Publications
This work was supported by the Science & Technology Test & Evaluation Spectrum Efficient Technologies Program sponsored by the US Air Force under contract F04611-02-C-0020. Channel sounding data collected from an airborne transmitter over the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Pt. Mugu, Naval Air Station, was analyzed and used to model multipath propagation over the ocean. The experiments showed that at 8.000 GHz, over the water multipath propagation is well modeled by a three-ray propagation model. The first ray (or propagation path) is the line-of-sight propagation path. The second ray is a strong specular reflection determined by the geometry …
Steganalysis Feature Improvement Using Expectation Maximization, Benjamin M. Rodriguez, Gilbert L. Peterson, Sos S. Agaian
Steganalysis Feature Improvement Using Expectation Maximization, Benjamin M. Rodriguez, Gilbert L. Peterson, Sos S. Agaian
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Compact Optical Fiber Sensor Smart Node, Seth W. Lloyd, Jason A. Newman, Daniel R. Wilding, Richard H. Selfridge, Stephen M. Schultz
Compact Optical Fiber Sensor Smart Node, Seth W. Lloyd, Jason A. Newman, Daniel R. Wilding, Richard H. Selfridge, Stephen M. Schultz
Faculty Publications
We present a new optical fiber sensor interrogator specifically designed for an embedded instrumentation system. The proposed system consists of a super luminescent diode as a broadband source, a high speed tunable micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) filter, photodetector, and an integrated microprocessor for data aggregation, processing, and communication. The entire system is integrated together in a compact package to create a fiber "smart" sensor. The system is capable of interrogating a variety of multiplexed fiber sensors, processing the data, and communicating the results digitally. As an example, the system has been calibrated with an array of fiber Bragg grating sensors
Analysis Of Stacked Rotated Gratings, Gregory P. Nordin, P. C. Deguzman, J. Jiang
Analysis Of Stacked Rotated Gratings, Gregory P. Nordin, P. C. Deguzman, J. Jiang
Faculty Publications
We study the rigorous design and analysis of stacked rotated gratings (SRGs) for novel photonic devices. A concept of sampling frequency is proposed to systematically design SRGs. With the help of a rectangular sampling lattice, we extend the standard 3D rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) algorithm to the analysis of SRGs. The resultant SRG-RCWA algorithm can be used to exactly analyze SRGs that have grating parameters that match the Fourier expansion represented by the sampling lattice. SRGs that do not fall in this category can often still be closely approximated with our approach. The SRG-RCWA algorithm has been successfully applied to …
Investigation Of Cdznte Crystal Defects Using Scanning Probe Microscopy, Goutam Koley, J. Liu, K. C. Mandal
Investigation Of Cdznte Crystal Defects Using Scanning Probe Microscopy, Goutam Koley, J. Liu, K. C. Mandal
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Reconfigurable Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna For Satellite And Terrestrial Links, Mohammod Ali, Abu T.M. Sayem, Vijay K. Kunda
A Reconfigurable Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna For Satellite And Terrestrial Links, Mohammod Ali, Abu T.M. Sayem, Vijay K. Kunda
Faculty Publications
A reconfigurable stacked microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The antenna operates at an upper frequency f(u) with a broadside pattern, 7.5-dBi right-hand circularly polarized gain, and 15.8% bandwidth. At a lower frequency f(1), the antenna operates as a planar inverted-F antenna (7.3% bandwidth and 3.9-dBi peak gain) with the main beam directed close to the horizon. Switching between the two regimes of operation is achieved using p-i-n diodes. antenna operation in the upper frequency hand is suitable for low-earth-orbit or medium-earth-orbit satellite communications, and in the lower frequency band, the antenna is useful for terrestrial land-mobile or other wireless applications.
Threshold Power Of Canonical Antennas For Inducing Sar At Compliance Limits In The 300-3000 Mhz Frequency Range, Mohammod Ali, Mark G. Douglas, Abu T.M. Sayem, Antonio Faraone, Chung-Kwang Chou
Threshold Power Of Canonical Antennas For Inducing Sar At Compliance Limits In The 300-3000 Mhz Frequency Range, Mohammod Ali, Mark G. Douglas, Abu T.M. Sayem, Antonio Faraone, Chung-Kwang Chou
Faculty Publications
A study of the specific absorption rate (SAR) in an exposed body induced by canonical antennas is presented, with the aim of determining an upper bound for the antenna transmit power that demonstrates that a product is inherently compliant with internationally accepted radio frequency (RF) exposure limits. Starting from the fundamental limits in antenna quality factor (Q) and the corresponding bandwidth, several antenna sizes are selected, and their SAR distributions are computed using the method of moments (MoM) and finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method in the frequency range 300-3000 MHz. The threshold powers are then determined, below which the peak …
Frequency Response Of Solid-State Impact Ionization Multipliers, Joshua Beutler, Carlton S. Clauss, Michael S. Johnson, Aaron R. Hawkins, Mike D. Jack, George R. Chapman, Ken Kosai
Frequency Response Of Solid-State Impact Ionization Multipliers, Joshua Beutler, Carlton S. Clauss, Michael S. Johnson, Aaron R. Hawkins, Mike D. Jack, George R. Chapman, Ken Kosai
Faculty Publications
A study of the frequency response of solid-state impact ionization multipliers (SIMs) is presented that emphasizes the role of resistive and capacitive elements of the device to establish response limitations. SIMs are designed to amplify input currents from an external source through the impact ionization mechanism. An equivalent circuit model for the SIM is developed based on its current versus voltage characteristics, which is used to derive a frequency response model. Theoretical frequency response matches very closely to measured responses for first generation SIM devices constructed on p-type silicon epitaxial layers with nickel silicide Schottky contact injection points. Devices were …
Automatic Transmit Power Control Of A Digital Fixed Wireless Link With Co-Channel Interference, Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza, Kyoung-Whoan Suh, Joo-Hwan Lee
Automatic Transmit Power Control Of A Digital Fixed Wireless Link With Co-Channel Interference, Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza, Kyoung-Whoan Suh, Joo-Hwan Lee
Faculty Publications
In this paper, a study is presented of the dynamic behavior of an automatic transmit power control (ATPC) loop in a single fixed wireless system (FWS) link subject to multipath fading and an uncorrelated co-channel interferer that does not use ATPC (this represents a so-called non-ATPC FWS link or a fixed satellite link). Fundamental questions include the sensitivity of an ATPC link to multipath interference and the co-channel interference that may be caused by a non-ATPC interferer. In the context of the present project, a good example of a non-ATPC interferer is a fixed satellite to which one antenna in …
Implementation Of A Mems Laboratory Course With Modular, Multidisciplinary Team Projects, S J. Lee, S Gleixner, T R. Hsu, David W. Parent
Implementation Of A Mems Laboratory Course With Modular, Multidisciplinary Team Projects, S J. Lee, S Gleixner, T R. Hsu, David W. Parent
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Aeronautical Telemetry Using Multiple-Antenna Transmitters, Michael A. Jensen, Michael D. Rice, Adam L. Anderson
Aeronautical Telemetry Using Multiple-Antenna Transmitters, Michael A. Jensen, Michael D. Rice, Adam L. Anderson
Faculty Publications
The placement of multiple antennas on an air vehicle is one possible practice for overcoming signal obstruction created by vehicle maneuvering during air-to-ground transmission. Unfortunately, for vehicle attitudes where more than one of these antennas has a clear path to the receiving station, this practice also leads to self-interference nulls, resulting in dramatic degradation in the average signal integrity. This paper discusses application of unitary space-time codes such as the Alamouti transmit diversity scheme and unitary differential space-time codes to overcome the self-interference effect observed in such systems. The mathematical foundations of these techniques within the context of this application …