Engineering Commons^™

The Extended Preferred Ordering Theorem For Radar Tracking Using The Extended Kalman Filter, Donald Leskiw

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

A certain problem in nonlinear estimation exists in radar tracking. Usually radar detections provide instantaneous position measurements in radar (polar) coordinates at discrete times, while tracks (estimated positions and motions over continuous time) are determined in rectangular coordinates; and the linear Kalman filter (LKF) is used as the estimator. Less common, the LKF is used to determine the tracks in radar coordinates, which are then converted into rectangular coordinates. Rarely is the extended Kalman filter (EKF) used, where the tracks are directly determined in rectangular coordinates from the radar detections via a local linearization. And so most radar tracks tend …

Characteristics Of The Fields In The Near And Far Zone Of Antennas And Its Significance In Wireless Communication, Arijit De

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

The characterization of the fields radiated from antennas in wireless communication scenario has been mostly overlooked by communication society. The definition and application of Near-Field and Far-field has mostly been considered from the antenna measurement community. To date no critical study does exist for the evaluation of the far-field criterion in a wireless communication scenario. This dissertation tries to provide certain guidelines characterizing the near-field and the far-field using a Maxwellian framework. The implications of the near-field environment are then discussed. It appears that the concept of near and far fields are not clearly interpreted in the wireless communication literature. …

Conditional Posterior Cramer-Rao Lower Bound And Distributed Target Tracking In Sensor Networks, Long Zuo

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

Sequential Bayesian estimation is the process of recursively estimating the state of a dynamical system observed in the presence of noise. Posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) sets a performance limit onany Bayesian estimator for the given dynamical system. The PCRLBdoes not fully utilize the existing measurement information to give anindication of the mean squared error (MSE) of the estimator in the future. In many practical applications, we are more concerned with the value of the bound in the future than in the past. PCRLB is an offline bound, because it averages out the very useful measurement information, which makes it …

The Differential Scheme And Quantum Computation, Robert J. Irwin

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

It is well-known that standard models of computation are representable as simple dynamical systems that evolve in discrete time, and that systems that evolve in continuous time are often representable by dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations. In many applications, e.g., molecular networks and hybrid Fermi-Pasta-Ulam systems, one must work with dynamical systems comprising both discrete and continuous components.

Reasoning about and verifying the properties of the evolving state of such systems is currently a piecemeal affair that depends on the nature of major components of a system: e.g., discrete vs. continuous components of state, discrete vs. continuous time, …

Correlated Sources In Distributed Networks - Data Transmission, Common Information Characterization And Inferencing, Wei Liu

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

Correlation is often present among observations in a distributed system. This thesis deals with various design issues when correlated data are observed at distributed terminals, including: communicating correlated sources over interference channels, characterizing the common information among dependent random variables, and testing the presence of dependence among observations.

It is well known that separated source and channel coding is optimal for point-to-point communication. However, this is not the case for multi-terminal communications. In this thesis, we study the problem of communicating correlated sources over interference channels (IC), for both the lossless and the lossy case. For lossless case, a sufficient …

Noise-Enhanced And Human Visual System-Driven Image Processing: Algorithms And Performance Limits, Renbin Peng

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the problem of image processing based on stochastic resonance (SR) noise and human visual system (HVS) properties, where several novel frameworks and algorithms for object detection in images, image enhancement and image segmentation as well as the method to estimate the performance limit of image segmentation algorithms are developed.

Object detection in images is a fundamental problem whose goal is to make a decision if the object of interest is present or absent in a given image. We develop a framework and algorithm to enhance the detection performance of suboptimal detectors using SR noise, where we add …

Decision-Making With Heterogeneous Sensors - A Copula Based Approach, Satish Giridhar Iyengar

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

Statistical decision making has wide ranging applications, from communications and signal processing to econometrics and finance. In contrast to the classical one source-one receiver paradigm, several applications have been identified in the recent past that require acquiring data from multiple sources or sensors. Information from the multiple sensors are transmitted to a remotely located receiver known as the fusion center which makes a global decision. Past work has largely focused on fusion of information from homogeneous sensors. This dissertation extends the formulation to the case when the local sensors may possess disparate sensing modalities. Both the theoretical and practical aspects …

Towards An Information Theoretic Framework For Evolutionary Learning, Stuart William Card

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

The vital essence of evolutionary learning consists of information flows between the environment and the entities differentially surviving and reproducing therein. Gain or loss of information in individuals and populations due to evolutionary steps should be considered in evolutionary algorithm theory and practice. Information theory has rarely been applied to evolutionary computation - a lacuna that this dissertation addresses, with an emphasis on objectively and explicitly evaluating the ensemble models implicit in evolutionary learning. Information theoretic functionals can provide objective, justifiable, general, computable, commensurate measures of fitness and diversity.

We identify information transmission channels implicit in evolutionary learning. We define …

Cognitive Security Framework For Heterogeneous Sensor Network Using Swarm Intelligence, Rajani Muraleedharan

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

Rapid development of sensor technology has led to applications ranging from academic to military in a short time span. These tiny sensors are deployed in environments where security for data or hardware cannot be guaranteed. Due to resource constraints, traditional security schemes cannot be directly applied. Unfortunately, due to minimal or no communication security schemes, the data, link and the sensor node can be easily tampered by intruder attacks. This dissertation presents a security framework applied to a sensor network that can be managed by a cohesive sensor manager. A simple framework that can support security based on situation assessment …

Network-Aware Active Wardens In Ipv6, Grzegorz Lewandowski

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

Every day the world grows more and more dependent on digital communication. Technologies like e-mail or the World Wide Web that not so long ago were considered experimental, have first become accepted and then indispensable tools of everyday life. New communication technologies built on top of the existing ones continuously race to provide newer and better functionality. Even established communication media like books, radio, or television have become digital in an effort to avoid extinction. In this torrent of digital communication a constant struggle takes place. On one hand, people, organizations, companies and countries attempt to control the ongoing communications …

Intelligent Processing In Wireless Communications Using Particle Swarm Based Methods, Weihua Gao

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Dissertations

There are a lot of optimization needs in the research and design of wireless communica- tion systems. Many of these optimization problems are Nondeterministic Polynomial (NP) hard problems and could not be solved well. Many of other non-NP-hard optimization problems are combinatorial and do not have satisfying solutions either. This dissertation presents a series of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based search and optimization algorithms that solve open research and design problems in wireless communications. These problems are either avoided or solved approximately before.

PSO is a bottom-up approach for optimization problems. It imposes no conditions on the underlying problem. Its …