Engineering Commons^™

Problem Niekontrolowanego Spalania Odpadów I Pozostałości Roślinnych W Obszarze Wiejskim Na Wybranym Przykładzie, Robert Oleniacz, Barbara Bacik

Robert Oleniacz

This paper presents the results of surveys on the problem of uncontrolled burning of waste in domestic stoves and boilers for central heating and open burning of plant residues in rural areas. The questionnaires were conducted among the inhabitants of one of Polish village (Łąkta Dolna), located in the Malopolska province, in the submontane area. The study comprised 80.2% of all households. As is clear from conducted surveys waste were burned in more than 80% of surveyed houses and more than half of respondents admitted to the open burning of plant residues. The percentage of people burning waste and plant …

Interpretations Of Sustainability In Higher Education, Omidreza Saadatian

No abstract provided.

Mix Design And Mechanical Properties Of Oil Palm Shell Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: A Review, Hilmi Mahmud

Hilmi Mahmud

To build environmentally sustainable structures, especially in developing countries, the possibility of using some agricultural wastes and industrial by-products from different industries as construction materials will be highly desirable and has several practical and economic advantages. Oil palm shell (OPS) is a form of agricultural solid waste in the tropical regimes. Research over the last two decades shows that OPS can be used as a lightweight aggregate for producing structural lightweight aggregate concrete. The density of OPS concrete is around 20 - 25% lower than normal weight concrete. Generally, mechanical properties of OPS concrete are slightly lower than the other …

Pomiary Liczby I Wielkości Cząstek Aerozoli W Powietrzu Miejskim Z Wykorzystaniem Metody Optoelektronicznej, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Monika Dziugieł

Robert Oleniacz

In the paper some measurement results of number and size for aerosols particles suspended in air achieved using infrared particle sizer IPS-P (Kamika Instruments) with isokinetic air sampling method were presented. In IPS-P analyzer, with measuring range from 0,4 to 300 μm, is applied optical/electronic measurement method which is determined by dimensions of measurement space by aerosols particles motions in a parallel radiation beam. The research was conducted on the roof of four-storey building in Krakow for various meteorological conditions. Results achieved for measured parameters were analysed in terms of selected meteorological factors influence.

English title: Number and size measurements …

Monitoring And Modeling The Acidification And Recovery Of Catskills Waters And Soils, Chris E. Johnson

Chris E Johnson

No abstract provided.

Energetyka Niskoemisyjna, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

No abstract provided.

Bacterial Chemotaxis In Porous Media: Theory Derivation And Comparison With Experiments, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Mark L. Porter, Brian D. Wood

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

Chemotaxis is the movement of organisms toward or away from the concentration gradient of a chemical species. Microbial chemotaxis has been shown to significantly increase contaminant degradation in subsurface environments with respect to traditional methods such as pump-and-treat. This type of transport phenomena often involves diffusion and convection along several scales. In this work we use the method of volume averaging to upscale the governing equations for in situ bioremediation by bacterial chemotaxis. The results are effective medium mass balance equations for both the bacteria and the chemical attractant. These equations are expressed in terms of average transport coefficients, which …

Interpretation Of Closure Variables In Upscaling, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Mark L. Porter, Brian D. Wood

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

In many engineering applications, it is common to nd systems that involve transport at several scales. Despite the increasing computational capabilities, it is still not feasible to model a complete macroscopic system by direct numerical simulations at the microscale. Actually, it is more convenient to derive models at an intermediate level of scale between the microscale and the macroscale; this is the average scale. The derivation of models at this scale can be carried out by means of the method of volume averaging. The results from this method are averaged transport equations expressed in terms of eective medium coecients that …

One-Domain Approach For Heat Transfer At The Fluid-Porous Medium Inter-Region, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Carlos G. Aguilar-Madera, Benoît Goyeau, J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

The modeling of transport phenomena in the zone of rapid changes between a fluid and a porous medium (i.e., the interregion) can be carried out using two distinctive approaches. The first one, generally called the one-domain approach, describes transport phenomena in the whole fluid-porous system using averaged macroscopic conservation equations including spatially dependent effective properties. These coefficients reduce to their respective constant values in the homogeneous fluid and porous regions of the system. As an alternative, the two-domain approach uses the transport equations with constant coefficients in the entire domain of each region, including the zone of drastic changes. To …

Derivation Of Complete Jump Boundary Conditions Between Homogeneous Media, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Benoît Goyeau, J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

The modeling of transport phenomena between homogeneous regions requires the derivation of jump boundary conditions. These conditions account for the rapid spatial variations of the transport properties taking place near the dividing surface of the media. There has been a long debate in the literature about whether the discontinuity should apply to the fields (e.g., velocity, temperature, concentration) or to their fluxes. In this work, a general methodology giving rise to jump conditions for both the fields and the fluxes is proposed. This method, besides using a microscopic closure, introduces macroscopic deviation fields that lead to closure schemes for both …

01june2010_Building Collapse_Begunbari, Md. Nurul Alam

Md. Nurul Alam

No abstract provided.

Współspalanie Odpadów W Suchym Piecu Cementowym A Emisja Dwutlenku Siarki I Chlorowodoru, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents an assessment of the impact of waste co-combustion in a cement kiln on air emissions of HCl and SO2 recorded continuously. The subject of the research was cement kiln (dry method) with a capacity of 8500 Mg/day, equipped with a four cyclone heat exchangers and a calciner with an additional chamber for co-incineration. In the analysed period alternative fuels (mainly waste) were used in various amounts ranging up to about 35 kg / Mg clinker (with the heat substitution up to 20%) in the kiln and calciner. Chlorine and sulfur inputs to the process were up to …

Nonlinear Finite Elements Modeling Of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Beams, Akram Shaker Mahmood

Akram Shaker Mahmood

This paper presents results from a nonlinear finite element analysis of a hybrid reinforced concrete rectangular section beams. The concept of hybrid R.C. concrete structures was applied in many designers for using in constructions of bridge superstructure. Although using the steel reinforcements are often modeled as a linear-elastic material until failure, the linear finite element analysis could not predict the behavior of the R.C. concrete beams model up to its failure. The materials, loadings, section properties with boundary conditions are taken from reference [Ref.3]. Results from material tests and loading tests of beams model indicated that the nonlinearity of concrete …

Modelo Aproximado Del Coeficiente De Dispersión En Medios Porosos, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Helen D, Lugo-Méndez, J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

En este trabajo, se utiliza el método del promedio volumétrico para la predicción del coeficiente efectivo de dispersión y la teoría de las funciones de Green para encontrar una solución analítica aproximada. Como simplificación de la celda representativa del medio poroso homogéneo, se usó la celda de Chang, imponiendo la condición de flujo reptante. Para corroborar los resultados se determinó numéricamente el coeficiente efectivo, en celdas unitarias periódicas usando el programa comercial basado en el método de de elemento finito COMSOL Multiphysics. El coeficiente efectivo de dispersión analítico obtenido en este trabajo presenta una tendencia análoga al numérico, además de …

Diseño De Una Parrilla Para La Reducción De Pérdidas De Energía En Estufas Convencionales, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Victor Castillo-Jimenez, Alberto Gabino-Zamora, Armando Astudillo-Velázquez

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

Las estufas de gas convencionales tienen, por lo general, pérdidas considerables de energía alrededor del quemador, lo que disminuye su eficiencia e incrementa el consumo de recursos. Para atender este problema, en este trabajo se propone concentrar la mayor parte del calor hacia una sola región, para poder obtener la mayor cantidad de energía sin tener que suministrar más combustible y de esta manera aumentar la eficiencia de estufas convencionales. Para ello, se construyó un prototipo experimental a partir de cálculos de diseño teóricos. Con el prototipo ahorrador de energía se consiguió un ahorro hasta del 40% del consumo de …

Análisis De La Transferencia De Calor En Azoteas Verdes, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Verónica Freyre-Fonseca

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

El problema de las islas urbanas de calor contribuye a los drásticos cambios climáticos que se sufren en ciudades densamente pobladas. Para atender este problema se tienen diversas alternativas, entre las cuales se contempla incorporar zonas verdes (e.g., paredes y azoteas verdes) en edificaciones que contrarresten los efectos de calentamiento excesivo. En este trabajo se estudia la transferencia de calor en edificaciones típicas de la ciudad de México utilizando diferentes configuraciones de zonas verdes. Los resultados muestran que el utilizar azoteas verdes tiene un efecto estabilizador en los perfiles locales de temperatura; sin embargo a nivel de toda una edificación, …

Modelado De Un Reactor Solar Para El Cracking De Metano, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Hernando Romero-Paredes

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

En este trabajo se realiza el modelado de un reactor solar tubular con una capacidad de hasta 15 kW para la disociación térmica del metano. El reactor está compuesto por un tubo de grafito inmerso en una cavidad también de grafito que juega el papel de receptor del flujo solar concentrado. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los perfiles de velocidad, de concentración y temperatura a lo largo del reactor en función de la concentración y el flujo de gas a la entrada del reactor. Con lo cual ha sido posible evidenciar algunos fenómenos poco discutidos durante la experimentación. …

Sobre La Suposición De Estado Cuasiestacionario En El Transporte De Calor De Una Ventana Doble, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Erika K. Flores-Romero, Geovanni Hernandez-Luna, Erick A. Aguilera-Romero

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

Es sabido que la mayoría de las edificaciones modernas transfieren la mayor parte de la energía acumulada a través de ventanas. Por ello, en la medida en que se tengan modelos confiables para el transporte de calor a través de estos sistemas, se contará con mejores diseños que tienen una relación directa con el confort, ambiente y gasto energético de edificaciones. El modelado de la transferencia de calor en ventanas dobles suele llevarse a cabo considerando únicamente sus cristales y el aire atrapado entre ellos. Sin embargo, la temperatura del interior es, a su vez, una función del tiempo y …

The Costs Of Residential Water Scarcity In Cyprus: Impact Of Climate Change And Policy Options, Theodoros Zachariadis

Theodoros Zachariadis

This paper presents an assessment of the costs of water scarcity in Cyprus, today and in the next twenty years, accounting also for the effect of projected climate change in the region. We focus on the residential sector, accounting also for tourism and industry. Using a simple demand function we first compute total scarcity costs in Cyprus for the entire period 2010¡V2030 for three scenarios of future water demand. Our central estimate shows that the present value of total costs due to water shortages in this period will amount to 72 million Euros (at 2009 prices), and if future water …

Determination Of Material Emission Signatures By Ptr-Ms And Their Correlations With Odor Assessments By Human Subjects, Kwanghoon Han

Kwanghoon Han

The objectives of this study were to determine volatile organic compound (VOC) emission signatures of nine typical building materials by using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and to explore the correlation between the PTR-MS measurements and the measurements of acceptability by human subjects. VOC emissions from each material were measured in a 50-l small-scale chamber. Chamber air was sampled by PTR-MS to determine emission signatures. Sorbent tube sampling and TD-GC/MS analysis were also performed to identify the major VOCs emitted and to compare the resulting data with the PTR-MS emission signatures. The data on the acceptability of air quality assessed …

Escalamiento De Dispersión De Contaminantes En La Ciudad De México, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, J. Ruben Varela-Ham

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

En días hábiles, la actividad vehicular más intensa en calles y avenidas de la ciudad de México se inicia a las 6:00 hs y se prolonga por aproximadamente 3 ó 4 horas. En ese periodo, la capa de mezclado permanece relativamente quieta y expuesta a recibir una carga importante de contaminantes producto de emisiones vehiculares. En esas condiciones de ausencia de movimientos atmosféricos verticales y horizontales, y de intensa actividad contaminante, adquieren importancia los procesos de dispersión que ocurren en la horizontal y a nivel del suelo.

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un proceso de promediado de las …

Study On Properties Of Rice Husk Ash And Its Use As Cement Replacement Material, Hilmi Mahmud

Hilmi Mahmud

This paper investigates the properties of rice husk ash (RHA) produced by using a ferro-cement furnace. The effect of grinding on the particle size and the surface area was first investigated, then the XRD analysis was conducted to verify the presence of amorphous silica in the ash. Furthermore, the effect of RHA average particle size and percentage on concrete workability, fresh density, superplasticizer (SP) content and the compressive strength were also investigated. Although grinding RHA would reduce its average particle size (APS), it was not the main factor controlling the surface area and it is thus resulted from RHA's multilayered, …

Integral Formulation For The Solution Of Closure Problems In Upscaling Processes, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

The derivation of transport models at macroscopic scales can be carried out using upscaling techniques such as the method of volume averaging. This upscaling technique consists on averaging the transport equations that describe phenomena at the microscale. The result is the so-called eective medium models, which are expressed in terms of eective coecients that can be computed from the solution of the corresponding closure problems. In this work, we present an integral formulation based on Green's functions to carry out the formal solution of closure problems. This methodology not only provides a physical interpretation of the closure variables, but it …

A Comparison Of Biocolloid And Colloid Transport In Single Saturated Rock Fractures, Junlei Qu

Sarah E Dickson

No abstract provided.

A Novel Downscaling Technique For The Linkage Of Global And Regional Air Quality Modeling, Y. F. Lam, Joshua Fu

Joshua Fu

Recently, downscaling global atmospheric model outputs (GCTM) for the USEPA Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Initial (IC) and Boundary Conditions (BC) have become practical because of the rapid growth of computational technologies that allow global simulations to be completed within a reasonable time. The traditional method of generating IC/BC by profile data has lost its advocates due to the weakness of the limited horizontal and vertical variations found on the gridded boundary layers. Theoretically, high quality GCTM IC/BC should yield a better result in CMAQ. Unfortunately, several researchers have found that the outputs from GCTM IC/BC are not necessarily better …

Conference Proceedings 3rd International Scientific Conference On “Energy Systems With It” At Alvsjö Fair In Association With Energitinget March 16-17 2010, Dr. Erik Dahlquist, Dr. Jenny Palm

Dr. Erik Dahlquist

2010 “The Energiting” is performed for the 12th time. The International Scientific conference is arranged for the 3rd time. The organisers are Swedish Energy Agency, Mälardalen University and the Research School for Energy Systems with LiU, KTH, UU and CTH. The first topic will be “Energy systems” covering use of renewable energy sources, energy conversion and process efficiency improvement with new technologies, as well as societal aspects of the introduction of new technologies. The second topic is “Energy and IT”. This covers energy and load management, interaction between production, distribution and “consumption”, usage of data for decision support and control, …

Assessment Of The Impact Of Using Alternative Fuels In A Cement Kiln On The Emissions Of Selected Substances Into The Air, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The chapter presents the results of analyses concerning the impact of using alternative fuels in one of the Polish cement plants on the volume of continuously measured emissions into the air for the following substances: carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), gaseous and volatile organic compounds expressed as total organic carbon (TOC), and total dust. The analyses covered a 15-month period of the operation of a dry cement kiln, approximately 100m-long, equipped with four-stage cyclone exchangers and a calciner, constituting an additional chamber for waste co-combustion. The results obtained confirmed the …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Pyłowo-Gazowych Z Procesu Wypalania Półproduktów Grafitowych W Piecu Tunelowym, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The baking of semi-finished graphite products in a tunnel furnace is the source of many air pollutants present in both the gaseous and solid phases. The goal of this study was to assess emission rates into the air of the substances such as: CO, NOx, SO2, H2S, CH4, aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C6, benzene and its homologues (BTEX), total dust and tar substances, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in the dust. The research showed a small time-dependence of the emission rates for the majority of the substances analysed, which is, to a large extent, a result of the long …

Measuring The Milton-Madison Bridge Aesthetic Preferences Of Multiple Subgroups Simultaneously Through The Use Of Structured Public Involvement And The Casewise Visual Evaluation Process, Theodore H. Grossardt, John B. Ripy, Keiron Bailey

Dr. Theodore H. Grossardt

No abstract provided.

Production Of High Strength Concrete Incorporating An Agricultural Waste- Rice Husk Ash, Hilmi Mahmud

Hilmi Mahmud

Rice husk which is an agricultural waste, constitutes about one-fifth of the 500 million tonnes of rice produced annually worldwide. Normally, the residue is disposed off by burning at the mill sites and the resultant rice husk ash (RHA) is dumped on a waste land. This generates environmental, pollution and land dereliction problems. Under controlled burning and if sufficiently ground, the highly reactive ash that is produced can be used as a supplementary cementing material or in the production of high strength concrete (HSC). This paper shows that it is relatively easy to produce high strength Grade 80 concrete incorporating …