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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
The Development Of A New Dry Powder Inhaler, Xi Zhang
The Development Of A New Dry Powder Inhaler, Xi Zhang
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
A new dry powder inhaler (DPI) for respiratory drug delivery was developed. This novel device is characterized by a micro-dose, passive delivery and multiple doses individually sealed in one replaceable disk. The micro-dose delivery system uses only a small amount of excipient, such as 2-3mg lactose, thereby improving the drug delivery efficiency. The passive delivery method eliminates the need for coordination between breath and device actuation such as the pressure metered dose inhaler (pMDI). Finally, 14 doses on a disk reduce the need to frequently change dosage disks. In addition, each dose is effectively protected by a blister package to …
New Technology And Techniques For Needle-Based Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Prostate Focal Therapy, Jeremy Cepek
New Technology And Techniques For Needle-Based Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Prostate Focal Therapy, Jeremy Cepek
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The most common diagnosis of prostate cancer is that of localized disease, and unfortunately the optimal type of treatment for these men is not yet certain. Magnetic resonance image (MRI)-guided focal laser ablation (FLA) therapy is a promising potential treatment option for select men with localized prostate cancer, and may result in fewer side effects than whole-gland therapies, while still achieving oncologic control. The objective of this thesis was to develop methods of accurately guiding needles to the prostate within the bore of a clinical MRI scanner for MRI-guided FLA therapy.
To achieve this goal, a mechatronic needle guidance system …
Fabricating Cost-Effective Nanostructures For Biomedical Applications, Erden Ertorer
Fabricating Cost-Effective Nanostructures For Biomedical Applications, Erden Ertorer
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In this thesis we described inexpensive alternatives to fabricate nanostructures on planar substrates and provided example applications to discuss the efficiency of fabricated nanostructures.
The first method we described is forming large area systematically changing multi-shape nanoscale structures on a chip by laser interference lithography. We analyzed the fabricated structures at different substrate positions with respect to exposure time, exposure angle and associated light intensity profile. We presented experimental details related to the fabrication of symmetric and biaxial periodic nanostructures on photoresist, silicon surfaces, and ion-milled glass substrates. Behavior of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on the nanostructures was investigated. These results …
Investigating Conducted Microvascular Response To Localized Oxygen Delivery In Vivo Using A Novel Micro-Delivery Approach, Nour W. Ghonaim
Investigating Conducted Microvascular Response To Localized Oxygen Delivery In Vivo Using A Novel Micro-Delivery Approach, Nour W. Ghonaim
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Since erythrocytes release the vasodilator adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in an oxygen (O2) dependent manner, erythrocytes are proposed to play a central role in O2 regulation. This ATP signaling mechanism is proposed to be most efficient in the capillaries due to the short diffusion distance to the electrically coupled endothelium which communicates directly with arterioles. We hypothesize that capillaries are able to signal upstream arterioles for changes in erythrocyte supply rate in response to changes in capillary erythrocyte O2 saturation (SO2)through SO2-dependent ATP signaling. To test this hypothesis, we have developed a micro-delivery …
Numerical Investigation Of The Interdependence Between Humeral Implant Position And Bone Removal Amount For Total Elbow Arthroplasty, Alexander J. Heroux
Numerical Investigation Of The Interdependence Between Humeral Implant Position And Bone Removal Amount For Total Elbow Arthroplasty, Alexander J. Heroux
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Total elbow arthroplasty is a surgical procedure used to replace an afflicted articulation with prosthetic joint components. A good alignment between the native and prosthetic flexion-extension axes of the elbow is required to preserve its functionality. However, this is often unobtainable because of the mismatch between humeral canal and implant stem geometries. To correct this, surgeons are often required to intraoperatively make error-prone decisions when determining an appropriate implant posture that minimizes the amount of cortical bone to be removed while maintaining the alignment between the two flexion-extension axes. To address this issue, the present study has developed computational tools …
Piv-Based Investigation Of Hemodynamic Factors In Diseased Carotid Artery Bifurcations With Varying Plaque Geometries, Sarah Kefayati
Piv-Based Investigation Of Hemodynamic Factors In Diseased Carotid Artery Bifurcations With Varying Plaque Geometries, Sarah Kefayati
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Ischemic stroke is often a consequence of complications due to clot formation (i.e. thrombosis) at the site of an atherosclerotic plaque developed in the internal carotid artery. Hemodynamic factors, such as shear-stress forces and flow disturbances, can facilitate the key mechanisms of thrombosis. Atherosclerotic plaques can differ in the severity of stenosis (narrowing), in eccentricity (symmetry), as well as inclusion of ulceration (wall roughness). Therefore, in terms of clinical significance, it is important to investigate how the local hemodynamics of the carotid artery is mediated by the geometry of plaque. Knowledge of thrombosis-associated hemodynamics may provide a basis to introduce …
Design And Development Of A Novel Expanding Pedicle Screw For Use In The Osteoporotic Lumbar Spine, Parham Rasoulinejad
Design And Development Of A Novel Expanding Pedicle Screw For Use In The Osteoporotic Lumbar Spine, Parham Rasoulinejad
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Pedicle screws are commonly utilized in spinal surgery; however, traditional designs often do not provide adequate fixation in osteoporotic spines. The objective of this thesis was to develop a novel expanding screw for use in osteoporotic lumbar pedicles. Helical screws capable of expanding post insertion were built on a rapid prototype machine. A materials testing machine performed axial load to failure tests in both Sawbones and cadaveric specimens comparing the new design to traditional screws (rate = 10mm/min to 20 mm). Output parameters included yield load, ultimate load, stiffness, energy to failure and total energy. The expanding screw showed a …
Design Of A Minimally Invasive Single Port Hdr Brachytherapy Applicator For The Treatment Of Lung Cancer, Mauricio Nahum Leroy
Design Of A Minimally Invasive Single Port Hdr Brachytherapy Applicator For The Treatment Of Lung Cancer, Mauricio Nahum Leroy
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cancer has become the number one cause of death in Canada and lung cancer is its deadliest form. Surgical resection remains as the treatment of choice for most patients; however, in many cases a less aggressive alternative such as brachytherapy may be preferable. Today, HDR brachytherapy is a relatively common procedure but with current techniques and equipment only tumours close to the main bronchi can be reached.
This project describes the design, development and validation of a first prototype of an ultrasound-guided needle guidance system that would enable physicians to perform HDR brachytherapy for the treatment of lung cancer in …
An Investigation Of Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma And Surgical Treatment Through Biomechanical Simulation And Kinematic Analysis, Stewart D. Mclachlin
An Investigation Of Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma And Surgical Treatment Through Biomechanical Simulation And Kinematic Analysis, Stewart D. Mclachlin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In vitro biomechanical investigations can help to identify changes in subaxial cervical spine (C3-C7) stability following injury, and determine the efficacy of surgical treatments through controlled joint simulation experiments and kinematic analyses. However, with the large spectrum of cervical spine trauma, a large fraction of the potential injuries have not been examined biomechanically. This includes a lack of studies investigating prevalent flexion-distraction injuries. Therefore, the overall objective of this thesis was to investigate the changes in subaxial cervical spine kinematic stability with simulated flexion-distraction injuries and current surgical instrumentation approaches using both established and novel biomechanical techniques.
Three in vitro …
Sol-Gel Derived Biodegradable And Bioactive Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Biomaterials For Bone Tissue Engineering, Bedilu A. Allo
Sol-Gel Derived Biodegradable And Bioactive Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Biomaterials For Bone Tissue Engineering, Bedilu A. Allo
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Treatments of bone injuries and defects have been largely centered on replacing the lost bone with tissues of allogeneic or xenogeneic sources as well as synthetic bone substitutes, which in all lead to limited degree of structural and functional recovery. As a result, tissue engineering has emerged as a viable technology to regenerate the structures and therefore recover the functions of bone tissue rather than replacement alone. Hence, the current strategies of bone tissue engineering and regeneration rely on bioactive scaffolds to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) as templates onto which cells attach, multiply, migrate and function.
In this …