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Full-Text Articles in Education
History Doesn’T Repeat Itself, But Often Rhymes: An Analysis And Extension Of Models Influencing Special Education, Rebecca Owens
History Doesn’T Repeat Itself, But Often Rhymes: An Analysis And Extension Of Models Influencing Special Education, Rebecca Owens
Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects
The American special education system is largely hailed as a beacon for inclusion and support of students with disabilities, but was developed on the back of a deep, complicated history of isolation, fear, and ignorance. This historical analysis examines special education in the context of parallel-developing models of how those with disabilities are perceived and treated in the United States. Rather than juxtaposing the widely-discussed models of disability (moral, medical, and social) with the development of special education, I argue that they are consistent with a wave pattern, initially proposed by disability scholar and advocate Wolfensberger (1969), that traces the …
Emotional And Behavioral Disorders: Current Definitions, Terminology, And Prevalence, Edward A. Polloway, Rosel H. Schewel, James M. Kauffman, Antonia Charles, Tom E.C. Smith, James R. Patton, Lihua Yang
Emotional And Behavioral Disorders: Current Definitions, Terminology, And Prevalence, Edward A. Polloway, Rosel H. Schewel, James M. Kauffman, Antonia Charles, Tom E.C. Smith, James R. Patton, Lihua Yang
LC Journal of Special Education
This study provides an analysis of state guidelines with respect to terminology and definitions in emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) as well as demographic trends. The data were analyzed from the web-based state guidelines for terminology and definitions for all 50 states and the District of Columbia and then from mining data from the most recent reports of the United States Department of Education on IDEA (USDOE, 2015, 2016). Significant findings included current information on state-based terminology, state definitions, and school prevalence. Implications are made with special attention to these factors as identified above as they relate to educational programs …
Graphic Models And Instructional Tools For Students With Special Needs (Revised), Edward A. Polloway, Jacqueline Lubin
Graphic Models And Instructional Tools For Students With Special Needs (Revised), Edward A. Polloway, Jacqueline Lubin
LC Journal of Special Education
This document is intended for educators with interest in students with special needs. It provides various graphical models and instructional tools that relate to teaching reading, writing, math, and social studies and science to students with disabilities. The paper is divided into four sections: reading, writing, math, social studies and science. In each section, multiple examples of models are provided. The information provided can be used for general knowledge, as part of course content in special education classes and/or as reference material. The authors acknowledge the work of Allison Meade and Wendy Bailey-Joseph in developing an earlier edition of this …
Demographic Trends In Educational Programs For Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, Edward A. Polloway, Rosel H. Schewel, James M. Kauffman, Tom E.C. Smith, Antonia Charles
Demographic Trends In Educational Programs For Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, Edward A. Polloway, Rosel H. Schewel, James M. Kauffman, Tom E.C. Smith, Antonia Charles
LC Journal of Special Education
This study analyzes demographic data in the field of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). The data are from the most recent reports of the United States Department of Education on IDEA (USDOE, 2015, 2016). Findings focus on school prevalence, ethnicity, placement in educational environments, and school exit patterns. Implications focus in particular on attention to these respective demographic areas identified above as they relate to educational programs.
Homework Problems And Remedies, Antonia M. Charles
Homework Problems And Remedies, Antonia M. Charles
LC Journal of Special Education
This literature review provides a summary of some of the homework problems experienced by students with learning difficulties documented in previous research. It also seeks to outline some practical suggestions which can be utilized to remediate the homework problems experienced by this group of students. Finally, this review examines the role of teachers in assisting this group of students become successful in this regard.
Phonemic Awareness: An Important Piece Of The Reading Puzzle, Brandi Booker
Phonemic Awareness: An Important Piece Of The Reading Puzzle, Brandi Booker
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to provide research findings on phonemic awareness. The major topics to be discussed are assessment, strategies, and effectiveness. This paper will conclude with a discussion on the major topics and its importance for special education.
Choice Making And Individuals With Significant Disabilities, Jacob Wolf, Kristin Joannou
Choice Making And Individuals With Significant Disabilities, Jacob Wolf, Kristin Joannou
LC Journal of Special Education
This literature review addresses issues and trends pertaining to choice making for individuals with significant disabilities. The benefits and development of choice making will be addressed, followed by a summary of several barriers to choice making. The review concludes with a synthesis of strategies and interventions for increasing effective choice-making opportunities, including choice-making formats, teaching choice making, and building choice making into daily contexts.
Communicative Competence And Self-Determination, Sonya Spolsky, Gina Debarthe
Communicative Competence And Self-Determination, Sonya Spolsky, Gina Debarthe
LC Journal of Special Education
Self-determination describes people acting as the primary causal agents in their lives through their own volition (Wehmeyer, 1998; Wehmeyer, 2005). Volition means making choices with intention and consciousness. Self-determination consists of four essential characteristics related to volition: Autonomy, self-regulation, psychological empowerment, and self realization (Wehmeyer et al., 2007). Acting autonomously, in a manner to achieve specified goals, problem solving to meet those goals and being aware of the possible outcomes describe some of the activities related to volition and the characteristic of self determination (Light & Gullens, 2000; Wehmeyer et al., 2007). Self-determined people influence their own lives. People with …
Parent Autonomy Support For Children With Low Achievement And Disabilities, Caya Chiu, Shana Haines
Parent Autonomy Support For Children With Low Achievement And Disabilities, Caya Chiu, Shana Haines
LC Journal of Special Education
Only a limited amount of research focuses on building skills leading to enhanced self- determination for children with disabilities within the home environment (Abery & Stancliffe, 1996; Shogren & Turnbull, 2006), even though families play a critical role in developing the self-determination of their children (Abery & Zajac, 1996; Palmer et al., 2012). According to Shogren and Turnbull (2006), this lack of attention on developing the self-determination of children with disabilities at home, within families, “may detrimentally limit the field’s ability to support children, and families, in developing the capacity for, or for promoting, self- determination” (p. 341). Some research, …
Introduction To Special Topic Issue On Self-Determination, Michael L. Wehmeyer
Introduction To Special Topic Issue On Self-Determination, Michael L. Wehmeyer
LC Journal of Special Education
Over the past two decades, promoting the self-determination of students with disabilities has become a best practice in secondary education and transition services (Wehmeyer, Abery, Mithaug, & Stancliffe, 2003; Wehmeyer, Agran, Hughes, Martin, Mithaug, & Palmer, 2007). Self-determination refers to self- (vs. other-) caused action—to people acting volitionally, based on their own will. Volition is the capability of conscious choice, decision, and intention. Self- determined behavior is volitional, self-caused or self-initiated action.
Self-Injury And Behavior Supports For People With Intellectual Disability, Lihua Yang
Self-Injury And Behavior Supports For People With Intellectual Disability, Lihua Yang
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to seek strategies that can be effective to support behaviors of individuals with ID. The major topics will be addressed include the characteristics of people with ID, concerns and causes of SIB, and interventions used to address this behavior. The paper then concludes with a discussion of choosing different strategies for individuals with ID to accommodate individuals’ needs.
Effective Reading Comprehension Strategies For Individuals With Learning Disabilities: A Research Synthesis, Gordon B. Worcester Ii
Effective Reading Comprehension Strategies For Individuals With Learning Disabilities: A Research Synthesis, Gordon B. Worcester Ii
LC Journal of Special Education
This paper will explore and synthesize the body of current research on effective reading comprehension instruction and strategies. Beginning with a survey of several variables that affect working memory and executive processes, this paper will discuss how the mind’s ability to interpret text and derive meaning is a critical component for reading comprehension. The article will also explore how the elements of the working memory affect student with learning disabilities (LD). Furthermore, the working memory’s executive process is essential for the “simultaneous process of extracting and construction meaning” from text (Garcia-Madruga et al., 2013, p. 155). In addition, this paper …
From Sheltered Workshops To Integrated Employment: A Long Transition, Jessica L. Nettles
From Sheltered Workshops To Integrated Employment: A Long Transition, Jessica L. Nettles
LC Journal of Special Education
This literature review will examine the policy history of sheltered workshops and integrated employment and discuss the successes and limitations of the current legislation surrounding the employment of individuals with disabilities. The review will also explore the research that reveals the negative impacts of segregation and the benefits of integration both for the individual and community at large. It will review cost-efficiency of both sheltered and integrated employment and some of the barriers to organizational change that have slowed the transition. This literature review will conclude with summaries of current research as well as suggestions for policy and philosophy changes …
Elementary Special Education Teachers’ Attitudes Regarding Inclusion, Tara Ridarick, Ravic Ringlaben
Elementary Special Education Teachers’ Attitudes Regarding Inclusion, Tara Ridarick, Ravic Ringlaben
LC Journal of Special Education
This study looked at the attitudes of elementary special education teachers in a school district in the Southeastern United States that has been regularly including students with disabilities in general education classrooms for the past ten years. Teacher attitude has been shown to be an important indicator of the success of inclusion. However, students with disabilities as a group continue to not meet expectations on state standardized testing. Clearly, even though schools are practicing inclusion, they may not be experiencing success. The success of inclusion has been linked to the support of the special education teachers (Cook et al., 1999). …
Implementation Of Token Economies In School Settings, Shayla Mcdonnell
Implementation Of Token Economies In School Settings, Shayla Mcdonnell
LC Journal of Special Education
Token economies can be a useful classroom management strategy. A token economy typically involves certain rules for how students may gain and/or lose tokens, and the tokens may be redeemed for a reward, which should be reinforcing for the student (Alter, Wyrick, Brown, & Lingo, 2008). Token economies allow teachers to ‘reward’ students symbolically with tokens to represent the actual reinforcement, which the student will receive in the future, so that the rewards are not frequently disrupting instruction or interfering with other students’ learning. There are many different variations, which may be used for implementing token economies and they can …
Reading And Students With Intellectual Disabilities: Using The Readers Workshop Model To Provide Balanced Literacy Instruction, Rebecca Mahlburg
Reading And Students With Intellectual Disabilities: Using The Readers Workshop Model To Provide Balanced Literacy Instruction, Rebecca Mahlburg
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to explain how reading skills benefit students with intellectual disabilities in multiple areas of their lives and to propose that Readers Workshop, a model used in many educational settings, may also be used in literacy instruction for students with intellectual disabilities. The major topics that will be addressed include the importance of reading for students with intellectual disabilities, historical approaches to teaching reading to students with intellectual disabilities, and an overview of reading instructional methods. Readers Workshop is described as it is commonly used in general education classrooms and benefits of using this model …
Reading Comprehension: Strategies For Elementary And Secondary School Students, Michele Harvey
Reading Comprehension: Strategies For Elementary And Secondary School Students, Michele Harvey
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to discuss several strategies that can be used for elementary and secondary school students who have disabilities but would also benefit those without disabilities as well.
Students With Dual Exceptionalities: Does K-12 Public Education Meet Their Needs?, Lillian Calendrillo Guzlowski
Students With Dual Exceptionalities: Does K-12 Public Education Meet Their Needs?, Lillian Calendrillo Guzlowski
LC Journal of Special Education
This literature review will describe these strands of investigation and the research that has been done on dual exceptionalities. It will look at the key concepts of dual exceptionality including history, categories of students with dual exceptionalities, and characteristics of students with dual exceptionalities; the identification of students with dual exceptionalities; and the educational programs for students with dual exceptionalities including teaching strategies and the role of guidance counselors.
The Role Of Functional Skills Instruction, Patrice Thompson, Lisa J.D. Thomas, Sharron J. Gunter, Jenevie Bailey
The Role Of Functional Skills Instruction, Patrice Thompson, Lisa J.D. Thomas, Sharron J. Gunter, Jenevie Bailey
LC Journal of Special Education
Functional skills, according to Cronin (1996), are the tasks that help individuals become successful and independent adults. Vandercook (1991) stated, “a true functional skill is one that is initiated, used, and maintained under typical circumstances” (p. 320). Functional skills are often taught in conjunction with functional academics. Bouck and Joshi (2012) defined functional academics as an approach to teach “students the skills to help them be productive members of society and support post school outcomes” (p. 140). Functional academics may include “core subject content, vocational education, community access, daily living, personal finance, independent living, transportation, social skills and relationships, and …
Risk, Families, And Interventions In Early Childhood Special Education, Angela Deeds
Risk, Families, And Interventions In Early Childhood Special Education, Angela Deeds
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of key characteristics of early childhood special education and early intervention services. This paper seeks to explain key concepts that will aid professionals in their daily interactions with students, families, other professionals, and the outside community. The major topics that will be addressed are the determination of risk in ECSE, types of interventions used with young children with disabilities, and the family as an important collaborator in providing ECSE and EI services. The paper will then conclude with a discussion that addresses the salient point of the article and …
Behavioral Supports For Individuals With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Brandi Booker
Behavioral Supports For Individuals With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Brandi Booker
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to provide research based behavioral supports that can be used with certain behaviors with individuals of intellectual and developmental disabilities. The major topics that will be addressed are self-injurious, aggressive, and off-task behavioral supports. This paper will conclude with a discussion of these three behaviors and their supports and the implications for educators.
The Role Of Transition Plans For High School Students With Disabilities, William Wells
The Role Of Transition Plans For High School Students With Disabilities, William Wells
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to analyze a cross section of literature on postsecondary transition plans for students with disabilities and use the data to identify implications for building level administrators. The Summary and Critical Analyses section of this paper consists of a combination of six research and best practices articles on postsecondary transition planning for students with disabilities.
Paraprofessional Training: Working With Students With Disabilities, Patrice A. Thompson
Paraprofessional Training: Working With Students With Disabilities, Patrice A. Thompson
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this literature review is to discuss current research related to paraprofessional training. According to Villa, Thousand, Nevin, and Malgeri (1996), paraprofessionals are an integral part of the inclusion of students with disabilities into the general education setting. The general education setting and curriculum can be defined as the place and content that students without disabilities receive and have access to in schools. Therefore, paraprofessionals require appropriate training and ongoing supports to help facilitate success of students with disabilities who access the general education curriculum (Villa et al., 1996). In order for students with disabilities to reach their …
A Review Of The Literature Concerning The Implementation And Efficacy Of Co-Teaching As A Means For Meeting The Needs Of Students With Learning Disabilities, Lee Shearer
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this literature review is three-fold. First, the common definitions and practices associated with co-teaching will be briefly explored, in order to outline a framework, against which to examine empirical evidence. Secondly, I will briefly examine some of the experimental evidence that appears to provide support for the efficacy of this form of collaboration. Next, it will be beneficial to take a brief look at some of the qualitative evidence that appears to exist, supporting the benefits of co-teaching, in the development of effective teaching practices. Finally, I will attempt to piece together this information in a manner …
Writing Strategies And Older Students With Learning Disabilities, Lisa J. D. Thomas
Writing Strategies And Older Students With Learning Disabilities, Lisa J. D. Thomas
LC Journal of Special Education
This review focuses on literature dealing with strategies for writing for older students with learning disabilities. Specifically, the literature in this review deals with strategies that have developed from both cognitive/motivational conceptualizations, which looks at aspects of writing such as student ability and mental processes, and social/contextual conceptualizations, which looks at collaboration and the writing environment (Graham & Harris, 2011) . In the following three sections, I will provide a brief summary and critical analysis of five articles regarding writing strategies for high school students with learning disabilities, a discussion of the overall findings from these five articles, and implications …
Reading Disability And Mathematics Disability: Is There A Correlation?, Tim Overstreet
Reading Disability And Mathematics Disability: Is There A Correlation?, Tim Overstreet
LC Journal of Special Education
My review was conducted in order to provide me with research-based findings that could assist me in developing a better means of providing remediation to students who exhibit mathematics difficulties (Evans, 2008). In my review of articles, there were three specific student disability groups that were identified and referenced throughout the research: students exhibiting mathematics and concurring reading disabilities (MD-RD students), students exhibiting reading disabilities but not exhibiting mathematics disabilities (RD-only students), and students exhibiting mathematics disabilities but not exhibiting reading disabilities (MD-only students) (Bryant, 2005; Bryant & Bryant, 2008; Evans, 2008; Fuchs, Fuchs, & Prentice, 2004; Knopik, Alarcόn, & …
Inclusion At The Secondary Level: Ensuring Factors For A Successful Co-Teaching Program, Luke Saechao
Inclusion At The Secondary Level: Ensuring Factors For A Successful Co-Teaching Program, Luke Saechao
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this literature review is to identify and examine what inclusion delivery models are being implemented, what co-teaching looks like, how it is being implemented, what implications for practice are being suggested, and specifically what factors help to determine success of a co-teaching program. After reviewing this literature review, administrative and educational professionals may have a better understanding of what the current research suggests, what current practices are being implemented, and what factors will help to foster a successful co-teaching program. They can further use the information from the discussions and practice the implications that are suggested at …
Review Of Reading Strategies For Students With Learning Disabilities, Amy Huskin
Review Of Reading Strategies For Students With Learning Disabilities, Amy Huskin
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to examine a sampling of research on reading disabilities and intervention strategies. Five articles were reviewed and a summary and analysis of each is included. A plethora of information exists in education claiming to be the one stop solution for students with reading difficulties. It is important to recognize that many well researched methods have been around for a number of years and continue help students make gains. In other words it is important for educators not to abandon proven methods and change pedagogy every time a new idea surfaces. The paper will conclude …
Building Level Principals' Roles In Special Education Teacher Retention, Charlotte R. Gilbar
Building Level Principals' Roles In Special Education Teacher Retention, Charlotte R. Gilbar
LC Journal of Special Education
Attrition of special education teachers has steadily increased. The number of general education teachers that left teaching in 1991-1992 was 5.2% and in 2000-2001, it was 7.1%. Special education teachers followed the same upward trend but had an even more significant increase, in 1991-1992, it was 4.9% and in 2000-2001, it was 8.7%. The rate for general education teachers increased approximately 2% and the rate for special education teachers almost doubled (Boe, Cook, & Sunderland, 2008). There are numerous reasons for special education teacher attrition. For purposes of this paper, I will look at specific variables related to work environment …
Literature Review Utilizing Handheld Devices In The Education Of Students With Special Needs, Edward A. Hoisington
Literature Review Utilizing Handheld Devices In The Education Of Students With Special Needs, Edward A. Hoisington
LC Journal of Special Education
In recent years, technology has had a greater influence in the treatments and interventions of students with ASD. The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature with regards to the use of a personal digital assistant (PDA) or other handheld devices with student diagnosed with ASD. A PDA is “a handheld computer that mainly serves as a personal information organizer,” it allows the user to input data through “an on-screen keyboard or handwriting recognition program using a stylus” (Ferguson, Myles, & Hagiwara, 2005, p. 60). PDAs and other handheld devices In recent years, technology has had a greater …