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An Explorative Investigation Of Referee Abuse In English Rugby League, Tom Webb, Mike Rayner, Richard Thelwell
An Explorative Investigation Of Referee Abuse In English Rugby League, Tom Webb, Mike Rayner, Richard Thelwell
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This article explored the experiences of 89 rugby league referees in England who undertook a mixed methods online survey from the January 9 to March 31, 2017. The results of the survey produced rich data from the open responses, and the quantitative measures are used to support these open responses. Findings identified an established culture of abuse towards referees, a refereeing workforce requiring greater support, better communication with the governing body and, therefore, revisions to existing policy and training. Conclusions identified specific recommendations and policy implications to improve the operational environment and working conditions and increased support for referees. Subscribe …
Childhood Verbal Abuse And Its Psychological Effects On Adults, Lani Thomason
Childhood Verbal Abuse And Its Psychological Effects On Adults, Lani Thomason
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Researchers have documented an increase in child abuse in the past 50 years. Child abuse is associated with many adult physical, emotional, social, and cognitive impairments. To date, physical and sexual abuse have received more attention than verbal abuse. There is a gap in the literature on the effect of verbal abuse on mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of verbal abuse in children on adult psychological functioning. A retrospective, casual-comparative design was used drawing a sample of adults (n = 224), ages 18 to 40, who reported verbal abuse as children as well …