Education Commons^™

Prepaid Farm Expenses, Jeffrey E. Tranel

Rural Tax Education

Farmers and ranchers often pay for feed, supplies, fertilizer, and other inputs in one year and use those items in the following year. They may do so to pay lower prices, guarantee availability, for planning purposes, and/or other reasons.

The Internal Revenue Code allows qualified farmers and ranchers (farm-related taxpayers) to deduct the costs of such purchases in the year that the purchases are made rather than the year in which such items are used. Generally, the deduction for pre-paid farm supplies is limited to 50% of other deductible farm expenses (all schedule F deductions except supplies) for the year.

What Are Deductible Business Expenses?, Dennis Kauppila

Rural Tax Education

Farmers (and all business owners) pay income taxes based on profit. So, it is important to claim ALL legitimate business expenses to not overstate profits. On the other hand, it is illegal to deduct expenses that are not legitimate business expenses.

Estate Planning, Tamara L. Cushing

Rural Tax Education

No matter your age, as a landowner, a business person, or simply a homeowner with valuables you want to go to someone special, you should be concerned about the future of your business or the distribution of the property in question to the right individual or organization. The intent of estate planning is to plan for the successful distribution of property in accordance with the wishes of the deceased and to do so with a minimum of delay and anguish immediately after the death of an older generation. This is typically one of the most emotional times of our lives …

W-2s For Foreign Agricultural Workers, Suzy Martin

Rural Tax Education

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) clarified reporting requirements for employers of foreign agricultural workers temporarily in the United States on H-2A visas with an announcement in September 2011. Employers of foreign agricultural workers on an H-2A visa are required to file Form W-2 Wage and Tax Statements on compensation of $600 or more for these workers. Payments made to H-2A workers are exempt from Social Security and Medicare taxes. In addition, employers are not required to withhold federal income tax from the H2-A workers. State and local taxing authorities may require withholding on H2-A labor; farm employers should check on …

Conservation-Related Payments And Expenditures, George Patrick

Rural Tax Education

Concerns about soil erosion, air and water quality, wildlife habitat and environmental protection have resulted in the rapid expansion of conservation-related programs. Generally, the benefits associated with these conservation programs accrue to society as a whole, rather than just to those specific individuals who incurred costs from the implementation of a conservation-related program. For these individuals, costs may exceed benefits. To encourage increased participation in conservation-related activities, payments may be made to producers, rural landowners, and others by federal, state, and local governments and private institutions.

This fact sheet identifies six types of conservation-related payments and expenditures and discusses how …

What Is Farming? Does Reporting Matter?, George Patrick

Rural Tax Education

Many rural families combine a number of economic activities to generate additional family income. Farm production activities may be combined with full-time employment in farming or in the non-farm sector. Part-time employment may involve several seasonal jobs during the year or a part-time job throughout the year.

Generally, an employed individual will receive a Form W-2 reporting the wages received and taxes withheld. In other situations, the individual may be contracted to perform a specified task or provide a service and properly receive a Form 1099-MISC. The individual generally has responsibility for paying the self-employment tax as well as the …

2012 Federal Tax Forms Used By Beginning Farmers And Ranchers, Jc Hobbs

Rural Tax Education

This article provides a list of business and personal tax forms and schedules which farmers and ranchers may experience when filing their annual income tax return. This publication does NOT cover the rules that apply for each of these forms. For a more complete list of forms and publications visit the IRS Forms and Publications website at: http://www.irs.gov/formspubs/article/0,,id=232801,00.html for the most current forms and publications.

Basis, Dennis Kauppila

Rural Tax Education

Basis is a short version of the term ‘Adjusted Tax Basis.’ Basis measures an owner’s investment in an asset. Usually basis decreases each year by the amount of depreciation taken on the asset. When it comes time to sell an asset, basis is just about the only thing that can lower the tax bill. Gains (which are taxable) are figured using basis, so keeping track of the adjusted tax basis of assets is important. This is how basis is used to figure a gain:

Sales Price - Basis = Gain.

Time Value Of Money, Warren Lee

Rural Tax Education

The outcomes of most business decisions occur over an extended period of time, often several years. Thus, most decisions should be analyzed using the concept of time value of money. The time value of money is the general universal preference for “a dollar in hand today is worth more than the prospect of receiving a dollar on some future date”.

It is generally accepted that if you were offered a choice of two alternatives, a gift of $1,000 today or a gift of $1,000 on some future date, such as one year from now, you would elect to receive the …

Value Of Education As Perceived By Mexican Immigrants And Caucasian American Citizens Employed In Agriculture In Louisiana, Richard Johnson, Joe Kotrlik

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

Agriculture operations benefit from the employment of Mexican immigrants through government programs that supply workers to the industry. Therefore, many crawfish farm operations in Louisiana employ both U.S. citizen and Mexican immigrant labor to operate efficiently. The purpose of this study was to compare selected characteristics of farm workers as well as to explore values related to education, as sorted by citizenship and ethnicity. The results of this study indicated significant differences in Mexican immigrant and Caucasian U.S. citizen crawfish farmers’ educational backgrounds and demographic characteristics, while finding that both groups held similar values about education. In general, the Mexican …

Understanding Afghan Opinion Leaders’ Viewpoints About Post-Conflict Foreign Agricultural Development: A Case Study In Herāt Province, Afghanistan, Glen C. Shinn, Richard K. Ford, Rahmat Attaie, Gary E. Briers

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

This investigation sprang from a yearlong immersion in post-conflict agricultural development environments in Herāt Province Afghanistan and from observing an array of NGO development projects. The purpose was to understand better the viewpoints of Afghan opinion leaders regarding the adoption–integration of foreign agricultural development. Objectives included (a) the identification of perceived strengths of foreign agricultural development, (b) perceived weaknesses, (c) opportunities, (d) threats, (e) anomalies, and (f)incentives and barriers. The case method fit the qualitative research design, and IRB approved the protocols. Researchers selected 15 opinion leaders (OLs) based on their knowledge, experience, and positional responsibilities. An interview guide framed …

Agricultural Extension And Market-Led Agrarian Reform: Findings From An Exploratory Case Study In Limpopo Province, South Africa, Daniel Tobin, Thomas Bruening, Mark Brennan, Brad Olson

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

n 1994, as South Africa was transitioning out of the apartheid era, the new, democratically elected government was forced to confront a largely polarized agricultural sector. Colonial rule and apartheid policies had systematically dispossessed the African majority from land. At the end of apartheid, the white minority, comprising less than 10% of the population, controlled 87% of total agricultural land. To confront the harsh realities of food insecurity and poverty, South Africa’s post-apartheid democracy implemented land and agrarian reform policies. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences and perceptions regarding these policies of emerging black farmers and …

Lease Vs. Purchase Of Machinery, Warren Lee

Rural Tax Education

Leasing or purchasing of machinery and equipment represent alternative ways for farm operators to acquire assets for agricultural production. Leasing has increased in popularity with agricultural producers. Manufacturers and financial institutions view leasing and selling equipment as alternative means to generate business. By comparing the net present value of the after-tax costs, farmers can determine the least expensive way to acquire machinery or other assets in the farmer’s specific situation. Key factors in the lease vs. purchase decision are the interest rate on loans, lease payments, the taxpayer’s marginal tax rate, and the taxpayer’s after-tax discount rate that reflects …

A Biotechnology Course For Developing Countries, Karim M. Maredia, Joseph F. Guenthner, Cholani K. Weebadde

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

Biotechnology offers benefits, but few developing countries have approved genetically engineered (GE) crops. Extension educational programs could help prepare stakeholders in developing countries to influence biotechnology policies. Michigan State University (MSU) developed a two-week course that was taught 14 times from 2002 to 2010 for 251 participants from 58 developing countries. This course helped form an international network of biotechnology specialists who collaborate with stakeholders.

Knowledge Levels And Perceived Effect Of Ecosystem Services And Valuation On Extension Delivery In North West Province, South America, O.I. Oladele

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

A simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 extension officers in North West Province, South Africa. Data on knowledge levels and perceived effect of ecosystem services and valuation on extension deliverywere collected and analyzed using percentages. The results show that a wide range of knowledge levels exists on ecosystem services and valuationissues and that extension services should change from a generalist approach to a specialist approach; “extension messages should incorporate ecosystems service information”; extension agents would benefit from “increase[s] in extension research skill” and “use of multimedia strategy”; users require new skills; “extension officers need...new training” and “extension …

Campus Blueprint Enrollment Management Council’S Strategic Enrollment Management Plan 2012-2017

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Administration: Papers, Publications, and Presentations

Report Outline

Building a Big Ten University

The Case for Enrollment Growth

Student Recruitment Outlook

-A Decade of Recruiting Success

- Power of the Big Ten Brand

The Case for Student Retention

Enrollment Growth Initiatives

Part One: Student Recruitment Initiatives

- Sharing Our Story of Quality

- Improving the Academic Profile and Student Diversity

- Priority One: Nebraska

- Expanding the University’s Outreach

- Expanding National Recruitment Travel and Outreach

- Enhancing Marketing and Web Services

- Increasing the Prospective Student Pool

- Expanding Capacity for Campus Visits and On-Campus Events

- Building UNL’s International Student Recruiting Program

- Developing …

Ontology Management For Universities, Roland Böving

Theses

What is the 'knowledge' of a university? It is the sum of all experiences and all contributions of students and staff. Knowledge ultimately exists, among other things, in the form of theses, articles, lectures and research reports. The largest knowledge pool of a university is made up, however, of the knowledge and expertise of every single member of the university. As a result of the high rate of turnover of people, knowledge and expertise are on the one hand constantly being lost, but this is replaced by a fresh intake of upcoming young students and lecturers reflecting the spirit of …

Ua42/3/2 Wku Glasgow, Wku Glasgow

WKU Archives Records

Overview of WKU Glasgow.

University Of Nebraska- Lincoln Fact Book 2011-2012

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Administration: Papers, Publications, and Presentations

Fact Book Table of Contents

Introduction ......................................................................................... 1

Table of Contents .......................................................................................... 2

General Information

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Core Values ................................................ 4

The Role of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln ........................................ 5

The Missions of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln ......................................... 5

Teaching...................................................................................................... 6

Research. .............................................................................. 7

Service........................................................................................... 7

Institutional and Professional Accreditations..................................................... 8

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Administrative Organization Chart ................... 11

Student Credit Hours (SCH)

Total SCH: Fall Semester Since 1979 ....................................................... 12

Total SCH: Spring Semester Since 1993 ......................................................... 13

SCH by College and Course Level, Fall and Spring Semester - 5 Year Trend ..... 14

SCH by College and …

Ua1b2/1 Wku Glasgow, Wku Glasgow

WKU Archives Records

Overview of WKU Glasgow campus.