Education Commons^™

The Neuromodulatory And Hormonal Effects Of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation As Evidenced By Salivary Alpha Amylase, Salivary Cortisol, Pupil Diameter, And The P3 Event-Related Potential, Christopher M. Warren, Klodiana D. Tona, L. Ouwerkerk, Jeroen Van Paridon, Fenna Poletiek, Henk Van Steenbergen, Jos A. Bosch, Sander Nieuwenhuis

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a new, non-invasive technique being investigated as an intervention for a variety of clinical disorders, including epilepsy and depression. It is thought to exert its therapeutic effect by increasing central norepinephrine (NE) activity, but the evidence supporting this notion is limited.

Objective

In order to test for an impact of tVNS on psychophysiological and hormonal indices of noradrenergic function, we applied tVNS in concert with assessment of salivary alpha amylase (SAA) and cortisol, pupil size, and electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings.

Methods

Across three experiments, we applied real and sham tVNS to 61 healthy participants …

The Ethics Of Play And Participation In A Tween Virtual World: Cheating Practices And Perspectives In The Whyville Community, Yasmin B. Kafai, Deborah A. Fields, Estee Ellis

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications

Much attention has been paid to young people’s increased participation in digital publics and its potential impact on their development and learning. However, few studies have examined the ethics in online play and their interactions as a critical aspect in the development of youth digital culture. In this paper we turn to the issue of cheating, a widely accepted practice in many online communities, including Whyville.net, a virtual world with over 5.5 million registered players ages 8-16. Our analyses focused on culturally-relevant examples such as player-written articles on cheating and player-produced YouTube cheating videos associated with Whyville from 2000 to …

Teacher Vs. Tutor, Brady Maynes

Writing Center Analysis Papers

The goal of this paper is to explore the differences between the roles of a tutor in the writing center and a teacher grading their student’s papers. I discuss ways in which tutor and teacher are similar as they both evaluate student’s papers but the end goal is significantly different. A tutor does not nor should they assign a grade to any paper they read in a tutoring session. One of a teacher’s primary intentions is to assign a grade to their student’s papers that reflects the feedback given. There is also a barrier, whether purposely constructed or placed by …

Pedagogical Sandhi, Arie French

Writing Center Analysis Papers

In both composition courses and writing center tutorage, concepts like organization and structure are frequently stressed. Despite this emphasis, students continue to have difficulty in understanding what organization entails. In this piece, I use the Sanskrit language and my experiences as both a teacher and writing center peer tutor, in order to argue that learning to draw connections in writing equips students to transform their papers from distinct sections and evidences to a radically-new whole.I propose several methods that instructors and tutors can implement to equip students with connection-making skills.

Praising Students’ Writing: How Compliments Encourage And Motivate, Emma George

Writing Center Analysis Papers

How to praise students in either the role of a teacher or a tutor is daunting task. These two different roles require different techniques as to the amount and quality of praise that can be given to writers. As a teacher, it is difficult to give specific praise to every single one of your students due to time limitations and volume, but tutors can and should give specific compliments to writers to increase their confidence and motivation in writing. This paper outlines several tutoring practices that have been successful on an individual level in helping students gain confidence in their …

Imagining Across Disciplines For A Sustainable Future, Emily James

Writing Center Analysis Papers

At present, the words sustainable and sustainability tend to be associated with environmental issues. Yet, the word sustain comes from the Old French sostenier meaning, “hold up, bear; suffer, endure” and Latin’s sustinere that adds, “hold upright; furnish with means of support; undergo.” Latin’s sustinere can further be broken down into the elements sub and tenere, the root of which, ten, means, “to stretch” (Harper). This paper reflects upon the ways in which the concept of sustainability affects my role as a writing tutor and composition instructor as I seek to help students stretch their abilities to develop ideas …

Teacher In Training: On Tutoring Before Teaching, Alyssa Witbeck Alexander

Writing Center Analysis Papers

Graduate instructors often dive into teaching without extensive preparation or a teaching certificate. However, some graduate instructors tutored in university writing centers prior to their graduate work. Tutoring prior to teaching allows the graduate instructor to gain confidence with introductory coursework, cope with silence from students, and learn how to ask students questions before they ever have to step foot in a classroom. The relationship tutors have with students differs from the relationship instructors have with students, which adds a complexity for graduate instructors who are accustomed to the tutoring relationship. Although that relationship shift is difficult, this paper gives …

Predictors Of Early Numeracy: Applied Measures In Two Childcare Contexts, Belinda Blevins-Knabe, Jacob Esplin, Ann Berhout Austin, Shawnee M. Hendershot

Human Development and Family Studies Faculty Publications

The purpose of the current research was: (1) To assess differences in early numeracy, phonological awareness, receptive language, executive functioning, and working memory for children in two childcare settings (family and center); (2) To determine whether applied measures of phonological awareness and executive functioning could serve as predictors of numeracy performance. Children (N = 89) ranging in age from 39 to 75 months were recruited from state-licensed childcare centers and family childcare homes. Teacher ratings of executive functioning were significantly related to early number skills, phonological awareness, and receptive language, but none of the parent ratings were significantly related to …

One-On-One In A World Of Twenty-Four, Brittney Allen

Writing Center Analysis Papers

As a long-time tutor, I was startled by the lack of individual time I got with my students as I took on the more powerful role of Graduate Instructor. I fear that I lose a lot of my effectiveness due to no longer being a peer to English 1010 students. I explore why that is and potential ways to fight back against lost face-time in what ways I can.

Quantumly Entangled: Cosmic Consciousness In The Classroom, Jack Daly

Writing Center Analysis Papers

The main problem with Western education is the dualistic perspective which separates the teacher/tutor and the student into two separate identities. However, modern physics, specifically the theory of quantum entanglement, is showing that the atoms which compose the false identity of a “self” are intertwined in a mutual state of causality. These quantum revelations are affirming the ancient wisdom teaching of “That art thou” which is found in religions and spiritualities across the globe which an individual arrives at in an ego death and rebirth experience. The system of cosmic consciousness in the classroom expunges the dualistic perspective of “you” …

Becoming A Tutor: Teachers As Tutors In One-On-One Conferences, Cree Taylor

Writing Center Analysis Papers

University Writing Centers are valuable tools for university students of any level: first-year undergraduates through doctoral candidates. Peer reviews and edits help students recognize possible flaws in their writing that they otherwise would not have seen. The climate of the Writing Center allows students to review their writing in a low-stakes, comfortable environment where their concerns are heard and addressed by an understanding peer instead of an all-knowing professor. Techniques used in the Writing Center such as making immediate connections with students, allowing students to drive the tutoring session, and continually asking about and focusing on student’s concerns with their …

You Matter To Me: The Necessity Of Validation In The Composition Classroom, Shaun Anderson

Writing Center Analysis Papers

The Utah State University Writing Center works to create a student-centered environment that provides our students with the message that their voices matter, that they are cared for, and that they belong here. This same message needs to be carried on into our composition courses. This sense of validation enables our students to develop as communicators and leaders.

Smiles, Sighs, And Nods: The Power Of A Personal Narrative, Camille Sleight-Price

Writing Center Analysis Papers

As a writing tutor and composition instructor, each time I work with a student I am meeting and getting to know a stranger through their writing. Although each student comes to sit next to me with their own background, topics of interest and insecurities, in each case I get to accompany them on the journey of meaning-making through the processes of research and composing. This paper highlights one such instance of meaning-making with a student. It suggests that this meaning-making is not just about developing students’ academic skills like research, critical thinking and composition, but is an opportunity as a …

Chronic Health Conditions Among Us Veterans Discharged From Military Service For Misconduct, Emily Brignone, Jamison D. Fargo, Rebecca K. Blais, Adi V. Gundlapalli

Psychology Faculty Publications

Veterans who are discharged from military service due to misconduct are vulnerable to negative health-related outcomes, including homelessness, incarceration, and suicide. We used national data from the Veterans Health Administration for 218,608 veterans of conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan that took place after the events of September 11, 2001, to compare clinical diagnoses between routinely-discharged (n = 203,174) and misconduct-discharged (n = 15,433) veterans. Misconduct-discharged veterans had significantly higher risk for all mental health conditions (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] range, 2.5–8.0) and several behaviorally linked chronic health conditions (AOR range, 1.2–5.9). Misconduct-discharged veterans have serious and complex health care needs; …

Cognitive Load Affects Numerical And Temporal Judgments In Distinct Ways, Karina Hamamouche, Maura Keefe, Kerry Jordan, Sara Cordes

Psychology Faculty Publications

Prominent theories suggest that time and number are processed by a single neural locus or a common magnitude system (e.g., Meck and Church, 1983; Walsh, 2003). However, a growing body of literature has identified numerous inconsistencies between temporal and numerical processing, casting doubt on the presence of such a singular system. Findings of distinct temporal and numerical biases in the presence of emotional content (Baker et al., 2013; Young and Cordes, 2013) are particularly relevant to this debate. Specifically, emotional stimuli lead to temporal overestimation, yet identical stimuli result in numerical underestimation. In …

How Design Features In Digital Math Games Support Learning And Mathematics Connections, Patricia S. Moyer-Packenham, Christina W. Lommatsch, Kristy Litster, Jill Ashby, Emma P. Bullock, Allison L. Roxburgh, Jessica F. Shumway, Emily Speed, Benjamin Covington, Christine Hartmann, Jody Clarke-Midura, Joel Skaria, Arla Westenskow, Beth L. Macdonald, Jurgen Symanzik, Kerry Jordan

Teacher Education and Leadership Faculty Publications

Current research shows that digital games can significantly enhance children’s learning. The purpose of this study was to examine how design features in 12 digital math games influenced children’s learning. The participants in this study were 193 children in Grades 2 through 6 (ages 8-12). During clinical interviews, children in the study completed pre-tests, interacted with digital math games, responded to questions about the digital math games, and completed post-tests. We recorded the interactions using two video perspectives that recorded children’s gameplay and responses to interviewers. We employed mixed methods to analyze the data and identify salient patterns in children’s …

The Lifecycle Of Sustainable Analytics: From Data Collection To Change Management, Mitchell Colver

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications

In this age of an ever-increasing list of analytics vendors and endlessly forwarded news articles that trumpet the promises of big data in higher education, it can be easy to become distracted by data science and miss out on another opportuni­ty—supporting increased professionalism amongst university staff, faculty, and administrators. Indeed, like many technologies before it, analytics provides us with an opportunity to catalyze institutional effectiveness, but only when we resist the tenden­cy to believe that technology can replace the need for human ingenuity and judgment. This report will argue that such threats to pro­fessional flourishing can be insulated against if …

Evaluation Of Interactive Computerized Training To Teach Paraprofessionals To Implement Errorless Discrete Trial Instruction, Kristina R. Gerencser, Thomas S. Higbee, Bethany P. Contreras, Azure J. Pellegrino, Summer Gunn

Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling Faculty Publications

Efficient and effective training strategies for paraprofessionals in special education settings face many challenges. Interactive computerized training (ICT) - a self-paced program that incorporates audio narration, video models, interactive activities, and competency checks - is one potential solution. ICT has been successful in training college students and special education teachers to implement discrete trial instruction (DTI), but its effectiveness to train paraprofessionals is unknown. Using a multiple-baseline design, we evaluated the feasibility of ICT, the fidelity of implementation of DTI increased for all participants when implemented with a student in their classroom, However competency varied. We added additional training components …

Comparing Cognitive Fusion And Cognitive Reappraisal As Predictors Of College Student Mental Health, Jennifer Krafft, Jack Haegar, Michael E. Levin

Psychology Faculty Publications

Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral interventions target different cognitive processes to promote mental health, including cognitive fusion and cognitive reappraisal. Determining the relative impact of cognitive fusion and reappraisal on a range of student mental health concerns could help interventions target psychopathological cognitive processes more effectively. Therefore, this study examined the longitudinal impact of cognitive fusion and reappraisal on mental health and functioning outcomes. A series of hierarchical regression models tested the effects of cognitive fusion and reappraisal in a sample of college students (n = 339). When controlling for reappraisal and baseline symptoms, fusion predicted distress, depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, …

Motivation For Sport Participation And Eating Disorder Risk Among Female Collegiate Athletes, Kendra J. Homan, Susan Lynn Crowley, Leslie A. Sim

Psychology Faculty Publications

In light of conflicting research regarding eating disorder risk and sports participation, the current study examined the relationship between specific aspects of sports participation (i.e., level of competition, leanness requirements, and physical/cardiovascular intensity level), an individual’s motivation for sports participation, and eating disorder symptomatology/risk. Participants included 319 female collegiate athletes (Mage = 19.88; SD = 1.62) representing a variety of sports and competition levels. Multilevel modeling found that level of competition, receiving a scholarship, age, and years of collegiate sport played did not predict eating disorder risk. In the final model, there was a significant interaction between intrinsic …

Transnational Civic Education And Emergent Bilinguals In A Dual Language Setting, Marialuisa Di Stefano, Steve P. Camicia

Teacher Education and Leadership Faculty Publications

Inclusion is a fundamental aspect of social studies education in general and democratic education in particular. Inclusion is especially important when we consider the possibilities for transnational civic culture and education. The theoretical framework of this study is based upon concepts of positionality, identity, and belonging as they are related to student understanding of communities. A dual-language, third-grade classroom provided the site for this ethnographic study. Data included participant observations, interviews with the teacher and students, and artifacts of student work. Findings illustrate how the students in the study understood the complexity of their identities at a young age and …

Note-Taking And Science Inquiry In An Open-Ended Learning Environment, Yang Jiang, Jody Clarke-Midura, Bryan Keller, Ryan S. Baker, Luc Paquette, Jaclyn Ocumpaugh

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications

Note-taking is important for academic success and has been thoroughly studied in traditional classroom contexts. Recent advancements of technology have led to more students taking notes on computers, and in different situations than are common in traditional instructional contexts. However, research on computer-based note-taking is still an emerging area, and findings from these studies are mixed. In this exploratory study, we conducted multilevel analysis to comprehensively investigate the relationship between note-taking measures and subsequent student success at science inquiry among middle school students, using two scenarios of an open-ended learning environment named Virtual Performance Assessments. Analysis revealed an advantage for …

Latina/O Students In K-12 Schools: A Synthesis Of Empirical Research On Factors Influencing Academic Achievement, Amanda Taggart

Teacher Education and Leadership Faculty Publications

The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of the empirical evidence to date on the factors related to Latina/o student academic achievement in the country’s increasingly Latina/o K-12 schools. Factors found to be related to academic achievement outcomes (e.g., grades, test scores, high school completion, college enrollment) for Latina/o students include a combination of (1) demographic variables, (2) sociocultural variables, (3) academic experiences, (4) psychological variables, and (5) school/institutional variables. In addition, this research synthesis identified several methodological trends in the research on Latina/o student success.

Words In Edgewise: Monika Rinck’S Experimental Translation Of Magnus William-Olsson’S Homullus Absconditus, Heidi Hart

Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

Monicka Rinck's 2016 translation of Magnus William‐Olsson's collection Homullus absconditus (2013) is more than a Swedish‐to‐German rendering of already multilayered text. As an experimental poet working under hypnosis, Rinck engages with a language she does not know, intentionally misreading homophones, cutting lines, adding small‐print comments in the margins, and translating titles left in Greek, as she interrogates her source's words from within and without. Rather than making an earnest effort to “correct” a male‐authored text, Rinck gets her words in edgewise on each page, in a playfully parasitic mode that also upends age‐old ideas of the passive, hypnotized woman. Paradoxically, …

Continuous Nicotine Exposure Does Not Affect Resurgence Of Alcohol Seeking In Rats, Charles C. J. Frye, Jillian M. Rung, Rusty W. Nall, Ann Galizio, Jeremy M. Haynes, Amy L. Odum

Psychology Faculty Publications

Alcohol is the most commonly used drug in the United States and alcohol abuse can lead to alcohol use disorder. Alcohol use disorder is a persistent condition and relapse rates following successful remission are high. Many factors have been associated with relapse for alcohol use disorder, but identification of these factors has not been well translated into preventative utility. One potentially important factor, concurrent nicotine use, has not been well investigated as a causal factor in relapse for alcohol use disorder. Nicotine increases the value of other stimuli in the environment and may increase the value of alcohol. If nicotine …

How Mother And Father Support Affect Youths’ Interest In Computer Science, Jody Clarke-Midura, Frederick J. Poole, Katarina Pantic, Chongning Sun, Vicki Allan

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications

Parental support is a predictor of children’s career interest and aspirations. However, mother and father support affects youth career choices differently. To understand how perceived mothers’ and fathers’ support affect career interest in computer science (CS), we developed two path models using both mother and father support gains to predict youths’ interest in CS. We hypothesized that perceived father’s and mother’s support would relate to youths’ interest in CS via youths’ perception of CS utility value as a mediator. We found that both mother and father support leads to interest in CS. However, father support was found to affect CS …

A Population-Based Model Of The Temporal Memory In The Hippocampus, Sorinel A. Oprisan, Mona Buhusi, Catalin V. Buhusi

Psychology Faculty Publications

Spatial and temporal dimensions are fundamental for orientation, adaptation, and survival of organisms. Hippocampus has been identified as the main neuroanatomical structure involved both in space and time perception and their internal representation. Dorsal hippocampus lesions showed a leftward shift (toward shorter durations) in peak-interval procedures, whereas ventral lesions shifted the peak time toward longer durations. We previously explained hippocampus lesion experimental findings by assuming a topological map model of the hippocampus with shorter durations memorized ventrally and longer durations more dorsal. Here we suggested a possible connection between the abstract topological maps model of the hippocampus that stored reinforcement …

Parenting Advice And Regrets Of Empty-Nesters, Ashton Chapman, David G. Schramm

Human Development and Family Studies Faculty Publications

Objective: To identify the advice and regrets empty-nest parents have when reflecting on their experiences as parents, and to investigate the utility of the parenting pyramid framework for parent education on the basis of that advice and those regrets.

Background: The parenting pyramid specifies that the parent–child relationship, teaching, and corection are key components of parenting, and that they should be emphasized in that order or priority. However, the extent to which this model is reflective of what parents actually think or do, or wish they would have done, remains unclear.

Method: Empty-nesters were recruited through social media, professional e-mail …

When Is Experiential Avoidance Harmful In The Moment? Examining Global Experiential Avoidance As A Moderator, Michael E. Levin, Jennifer Krafft, Benjamin G. Pierce, Sarah Potts

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background and Objectives: Although experiential avoidance has been shown to predict a wide range of mental health problems, there has been minimal research to-date on the more immediate effects of engaging in experiential avoidance in the moment or the moderators that predict when it is more or less harmful.

Methods: An ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study was conducted with 70 undergraduate students who completed assessments three times a day, over seven days as well as a baseline assessment of global questionnaires.

Results: Both greater global experiential avoidance and momentary experiential avoidance independently predicted greater momentary negative affect, lower positive affect, …

Designing For Online Computer-Based Clinical Simulations: Evaluation Of Instructional Approaches, Ilana Dubovi

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Online computer-based simulations are becoming more widespread in nursing education. Therefore, an understanding of when and how to implement the variety of instructional strategies related to these simulations is fundamental.

Objectives: This study compares the effectiveness of online computer-based simulations designed using two alternative instructional approaches—Productive Failure and Simple-to-Complex sequencing—on learning of clinical reasoning skills.

Participants: Participants in this study were undergraduate nursing students (n = 103, mean age = 23.4 ± 2.1) enrolled at a university in Israel.

Methods: Participants completed two online simulations designed using Productive Failure approach (emergency medicine, mental health) and two online simulations using …