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Questionnaire Construct Validation In The International Civic And Citizenship Education Study, Wolfram Schulz
Questionnaire Construct Validation In The International Civic And Citizenship Education Study, Wolfram Schulz
Dr Wolfram Schulz
International studies tend to use student, teacher, and/or school questionnaires to collect contextual data on student and teacher characteristics, background, and activities, and the school’s learning environment. Student measures of values, attitudes, and behavioral intentions are also often viewed as important learning outcomes, in particular within the context of studies of civic and citizenship education. The scaling of questionnaire items to obtain measures of students’, teachers’, and principals’ perceptions and attitudes should therefore ideally be subject to a thorough cross-country validation of the underlying constructs. However, whereas those conducting international studies spend considerable effort ensuring measurement equivalence for international test …
The Analysis Of Measurement Equivalence In International Studies Using The Rasch Model., Wolfram Schulz, Julian Fraillon
The Analysis Of Measurement Equivalence In International Studies Using The Rasch Model., Wolfram Schulz, Julian Fraillon
Dr Wolfram Schulz
This paper outlines how Rasch modelling can be used for testing assumption about measurement equivalence in international studies. Based on the Rasch model (Rasch, 1960) for dichotomous items and the Partial Credit model for polytomous items (Masters & Wright, 1982), so-called item-by-country interactions can be estimated that provide useful information about the level of measurement invariance in parameter estimates. It should be noted that item-by-country interactions are one form of differential item functioning (DIF) where groups vary in their probability of answering questions even after controlling for their levels of ability (see Hambleton, Swaminathan and Rogers, 1991). Item-by-country interactions can …