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The Reporting Of Icils Results, Wolfram Schulz
The Reporting Of Icils Results, Wolfram Schulz
Dr Wolfram Schulz
This chapter describes the procedures that were used to report the population estimates in the ICILS 2013 publications. It starts with a description of the replication methodology used to estimate sampling variance, followed by an outline of how the imputation variance of students’ computer and information literacy (CIL) was computed. The subsequent section outlines the procedures for conducting significance tests of differences between country and subsample means or percentages.
The Analysis Of Measurement Equivalence In International Studies Using The Rasch Model, Wolfram Schulz, Julian Fraillon
The Analysis Of Measurement Equivalence In International Studies Using The Rasch Model, Wolfram Schulz, Julian Fraillon
Dr Wolfram Schulz
When comparing data derived from tests or questionnaires in cross-national studies, researchers commonly assume measurement invariance in their underlying scaling models. However, different cultural contexts, languages, and curricula can have powerful effects on how students respond in different countries. This article illustrates how the application of the Rasch item response theory (IRT) model (Rasch, 1960) can be used for assessing differences in measurement properties of tests and questionnaires with reference to examples from the field trial analyses for the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS). It also discusses the general …
Questionnaire Construct Validation In The International Civic And Citizenship Education Study, Wolfram Schulz
Questionnaire Construct Validation In The International Civic And Citizenship Education Study, Wolfram Schulz
Dr Wolfram Schulz
International studies tend to use student, teacher, and/or school questionnaires to collect contextual data on student and teacher characteristics, background, and activities, and the school’s learning environment. Student measures of values, attitudes, and behavioral intentions are also often viewed as important learning outcomes, in particular within the context of studies of civic and citizenship education. The scaling of questionnaire items to obtain measures of students’, teachers’, and principals’ perceptions and attitudes should therefore ideally be subject to a thorough cross-country validation of the underlying constructs. However, whereas those conducting international studies spend considerable effort ensuring measurement equivalence for international test …
The Analysis Of Measurement Equivalence In International Studies Using The Rasch Model., Wolfram Schulz, Julian Fraillon
The Analysis Of Measurement Equivalence In International Studies Using The Rasch Model., Wolfram Schulz, Julian Fraillon
Dr Wolfram Schulz
This paper outlines how Rasch modelling can be used for testing assumption about measurement equivalence in international studies. Based on the Rasch model (Rasch, 1960) for dichotomous items and the Partial Credit model for polytomous items (Masters & Wright, 1982), so-called item-by-country interactions can be estimated that provide useful information about the level of measurement invariance in parameter estimates. It should be noted that item-by-country interactions are one form of differential item functioning (DIF) where groups vary in their probability of answering questions even after controlling for their levels of ability (see Hambleton, Swaminathan and Rogers, 1991). Item-by-country interactions can …
Measuring The Socio-Economic Background Of Students And Its Effect On Achievement In Pisa 2000 And Pisa 2003., Wolfram Schulz
Measuring The Socio-Economic Background Of Students And Its Effect On Achievement In Pisa 2000 And Pisa 2003., Wolfram Schulz
Dr Wolfram Schulz
One of the consistent findings of educational research studies is the effect of the students’ family socio-economic background on their learning achievement. Consequently, international comparative studies emphasise the role of socioeconomic background for determining learning outcomes. In particular, PISA results have been used to describe how different structures of the educational system can mediate the impact of socio-economic family background on performance with comprehensive systems generally providing more equity in educational opportunities. Given the cyclical nature of the PISA study, it is of interest to observe changes in the relationship between socio-economic background and student performance. However, in order to …
Mathematics Self-Efficacy And Student Expectations. Results From Pisa 2003., Wolfram Schulz
Mathematics Self-Efficacy And Student Expectations. Results From Pisa 2003., Wolfram Schulz
Dr Wolfram Schulz
Student performance is generally viewed as the main criterion variable when analysing equity in the outcomes of education. However, there is evidence that even with increasing equity in achievement, inequity in other important learning outcomes might still prevail. Self-beliefs like mathematics self-efficacy, i.e. students’ judgements of their own ability to solve tasks in mathematics, are often viewed as crucial learning outcomes, which affect the process of learning and are an important predictor of educational career choices. The second survey of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2003) provides data on self-related cognitions, motivations, learning behaviours and student performance in …