Education Commons^™

Person-Context Influences On Educational Involvement In Rural Cambodian Schools, Arpana G. Inman, Asmita C. Pendse, Linh P. Luu

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

Based on Bronfenbrenner’s Process-Person-Context-Time model, this study explored the attitudes and potential factors affecting children’s educational participation in two non-governmental organization-sponsored rural schools in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with students (female and male), teachers, principals, and parents. A discovery-oriented qualitative analytical approach revealed that at the individual level, truancy and student respect for school regulations impacted school participation. At the family level, parental support and family difficulties influenced school participation. At the school level, teacher ability, teacher-parent interactions, and adequate resources either facilitated or hindered student success. At the socio-cultural level, socioeconomic conditions, communal …

School Counseling Toward A Mission Of “Ib For All”, Nancy Chae, Susanne P. Gray-Rice

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

Although the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) recognizes the importance of school counselors, there is limited guidance about the expectations and roles of school counselors in serving the diverse needs of students in IB schools. With the IBO’s movement toward a mission of “IB for All” to address equitable access to academic rigor, this also aligns with school counselors’ ethical responsibilities as advocates, collaborators, and leaders to promote access and equity for all students. The authors (a) highlight the work of one school counseling program that developed and implemented initiatives, using the U.S.-based ASCA National Model (ASCA, 2019a) as a framework, …

Humanity Education As A School-Based Intervention For Healing, Daniel Gutierrez, Stephanie Dorais, James M. Smith, Freddy Mutanguha

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

Violence is a large-scale public health concern that impacts the mental health of people all over the world. There is a critical need for early intervention strategies that prevent violence and foster humanity and well-being. Traditional approaches to violence prevention focus on inhibiting antisocial behavior, overlooking the benefits of promoting positive values, humanity, and prosocial behavior. Aegis Trust is an international organization dedicated to the prevention of future genocides and promotion of humanity globally through education. It developed an educational methodology that has shown evidence of effectiveness in recovering from trauma, promoting humanity, and preventing violence in post-genocide Rwanda and …

Who Took “Counseling” Out Of The Role Of Professional School Counselors In The United States?, Glenn W. Lambie, Jaimie Stickl Haugen, Jon R. Borland, Laurie O. Campbell

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

The rates of mental health concerns among school-aged youth are increasing and the growing rates of students considering or planning for suicide is alarming. Although school counselors are often the only professionals with the training to support students’ mental health needs in schools, they are often inaccessible to students to receive long-term mental health counseling services. The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) advocates for school counselors to focus on prevention, short-term intervention, and crisis work rather than long-term counseling given their primary role in other activities such as student planning and systems support (ASCA, 2019). However, the role of school …

William & Mary Faculty Listening Tour Executive Summary, Marian Taliaferro, Asia Randolph, Jessica Ramey

W&M Libraries Publications

In fall 2019, William & Mary Libraries embarked on a concerted effort to learn more about course materials adopted on its campus. In order to perform an environmental scan, staff from the libraries participated in several activities: administering a student survey, conducting a series of faculty focus groups and running a cross-campus task force on textbook affordability. This document explains the faculty focus group activity known as the “textbook listening tour.”

The listening tour was structured largely based on an earlier effort that took place at Temple University Libraries. Bell & Johnson (2019) used the tour as an opportunity to …

A Cross-Cultural Study Of The Social Experience Of Giftedness, Jennifer Riedl Cross, Colin T. Vaughn, Sakhavat Mammadov, Tracy L. Cross, Mihyeon Kim, Colm O’Reilly, Frances Spielhagen, Maria Pereira Da Costa, Barry Hymer

School of Education Articles

The phenomenon of social coping among students with gifts and talents (SWGT) is not well understood. In interviews with elementary-, middle-, and high-school aged SWGT (N = 90; 50% female) from the United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, Ireland, and France, the universality of awareness of visibility of their exceptional abilities, high expectations and pressure to achieve from adults and peers, and peer jealousy and rejection, was confirmed. In all countries, SWGT were concerned about peers’ upward social comparison and the effects of their outperformance on peers’ feelings. SWGT attempted to hide their abilities or conform to peers’ behaviors. Prosocial …

William & Mary Student Textbook Survey, Marian Taliaferro, Asia Randolph, Jessica Ramey

W&M Libraries Publications

In Fall, 2019 W&M libraries disseminated a survey to all W&M students in order to understand their textbook spending practices so that the campus administrators would have information useful for programs designed to increase course materials affordability. The objectives of the survey were as follows.

Objective 1: Understand current costs of textbooks for W&M students.

Objective 2: Understand methods W&M students take to lower textbook costs.

Objective 3: Understand potential impact of implementing cost saving measures.

Objective 4: Understand options that W&M students might consider to lower the cost of textbooks.

Effects Of Visual Aids On Intermediate Chinese Reading Comprehension, Ting Huang

School of Education Articles

This study adopted the between-subjects and within-subjects group designs to examine the impact of visual aids on 26 intermediate Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) learners’ reading comprehension in an American college. Students were assigned into two groups to complete multiple-choice and translation tasks to test effects of visual aids. The results show that visual aids have an overall positive effect on intermediate CFL reading. The results from the within-subjects design were partially statistically significant. This study postulates that this complication was due to factors such as learners’ backgrounds, the types of tasks, and the nature of the visual aids. …

Advancing Inclusion In The Geosciences: An Overview Of The Nsf-Gold Program, Julie R. Posselt, Jason A. Chen, Grady Dixon, Jerlando F. L. Jackson, Robert Kirsch, Anne-Marie Nuñez, Brian J. Teppen

School of Education Articles

Here we report on five pilot projects working to develop effective professional development aimed at improving diversity, equity, and inclusion within the geosciences. All five projects were funded by the NSF GEO Opportunities for Leadership in Diversity (GOLD) program, which was designed to bring together geoscientists and social scientists to create innovative pilot programs for preparing and empowering geoscientists as change agents for increasing diversity. Each project has different objectives and applies different combinations of methods, but focuses on professional development, bystander intervention training, and the formation of new networks in the pursuit of systemic, institutional change. This article describes …

The W&M Anglo-Saxon Club, Terry L. Meyers

Arts & Sciences Articles

"In my 2008 article “A First Look at the Worst,” I mentioned (p. 1158) the apparent existence at William and Mary of an Anglo-Saxon Club, a unit of a white supremacist organization, the Anglo-Saxon Clubs of America. That outfit had been established in Richmond in 1922 with the aid of John Powell, at once a distinguished musician and a deep racist (he managed to include his racist views in his compositions). Among his accomplishments was help in drafting and passing Virginia’s notorious Racial Integrity Act of 1924; the Anglo-Saxon Clubs were accessories to that effort..."

Revised June 3, 2023

Assessing Short-Term Learning And Long-Term Impacts Of Non-Formal Education Programs, Mallory Munden, Sarah Nuss

VIMS Articles

Non-formal education programs, such as summer camps, offer opportunities for immersive learning and increased experiential science. Summer camps at the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Virginia provide hands-on marine science experiences for 1st–8th grade students. This article assesses the short-term learning gains and long-term impacts of attending a marine science summer camp. Across all age groups, there is evidence of short-term learning, high numbers of new experiences for campers, and increased scientific confidence in many campers. The longitudinal study revealed that these impacts may last until at minimum college, influencing career choice, extracurricular activities, and course enrollment.

Assessing Resiliency In The Face Of Sea-Level Rise, Kristen Sharpe, Sarah Nuss

VIMS Articles

The ocean is inextricably linked to human societies. Climate change and its associated impacts to the aquatic environment pose problems for human communities as well. It is important for students and citizens to understand the changes they can expect to see on a local level, and prepare to respond to those impacts due to climate change. In this lesson, high school earth science students participate in a mock “stakeholder meeting” activity, where they role-play as land planners, emergency responders, and watermen, using climate change projections and county elevation information to create resilience plans for their communities in the year 2050.

Table Of Contents, Christopher A. Sink

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

No abstract provided.

Activities And Role Of School-Based Counselors In The Us: A National Survey Of American Counseling Association Members, Kui Y. Fan, John C. Carey, Ian Martin, Lijuan He

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

This study was conducted to determine: how a US sample of American Counseling Association (ACA) affiliated school-based counselors viewed their role; the extent to which various activities were practiced; and, how demographic variables (e.g., work setting and professional identity) were related to both perceptions of role and practice. Participants (N = 249) completed the International Survey of School Counselors Activities-US (ISSA-US) online, which measured both perceptions of the appropriateness of 42 activities and whether these activities are reported to be enacted. US counselors had a broad definition of their role and showed a high degree of consensus regarding the appropriateness …

A Personalist Orientation To School-Based Counseling Policy Research, Christopher A. Sink, Robert T. Dice

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

No abstract provided.

Paving The Way For Counselling? The Link Between Maltese Psd Model And Counselling, Ruth Falzon, Clarisse Frendo, Maud Muscat

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

This study explored whether Personal and Social Development (PSD) teachers, school-based counsellors, and students in Maltese secondary schools perceived processing experiences as empowering to seek counselling, if and when needed. The study investigated if processing techniques within PSD methodology helped develop self-awareness. The research builds on the concept of ethical advertising - opportunity to inform and help clients arrive at courses of actions beneficial for themselves. The literature review discusses processing in the PSD Maltese model, comparing processing with overall counselling experiences. Data were collected through two questionnaires, one for professionals and one for 15 and 16-year-olds completing secondary school …

Commentary: The Challenges And Future Directions Of School Based Counselling In Nigeria, Agatha Ojeme

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges of school-based counselling and its future direction in Nigeria. In this endeavour, the author discusses the following possible challenges militating against the smooth running of effective school-based counselling services to include inadequate counselling materials and work tools, deployment of school counsellors to perform non-counselling duties, insufficient training of professional counsellors, lack of clarification of the role of school counsellors, school principals’ low collaboration with school counsellors amongst others. The paper also focused on ways and means of improving school-based counselling services to include enactment of proper policy intervention, putting in …

Creating Meaningful Change For Fraternity And Sorority Communities, James P. Barber Ph.D.

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

No abstract provided.

Front Matter & Table Of Contents, Oracle

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Online Management Of Alcohol Policies And Alcohol Educational Programming Among Greek Student Organizations – A Content Analysis, Jill Russett, Kaitlyn Oates

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

College student drinking remains a public health concern and Fraternity/Sorority organizations have consistently documented higher rates of alcohol use than their peers. However, these groups are also likely to be proactive in addressing risk management of alcohol use. The authors conducted a content analysis of nationally recognized fraternity/ sorority websites, aimed at identifying harm reduction strategies in place among these groups. While the majority of fraternities/sororities reviewed had readily accessible alcohol related policies, fewer organizations were identified as having adapted alcohol related education programs. Best practices suggest having strong policies and educational programming lead to reduced consequences related to alcohol …

Needs And Stress In Fraternity And Sorority Life: Evidence Of Social And Behavioral Differences Among Sorority And Fraternity Members, Gabriel Serna Ph.D., Dawn Wiese Ph.D., Stephen Simo Ph.D.

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

The article provides an evidence-based overview of unique research on social and behavioral differences between self-identified sorority women and fraternity men in their need and stress behaviors as measured by the Birkman assessment. The data allow campus-based professionals to understand how they may approach educational programs differently for fraternity men and sorority women based on their social and behavioral differences. The differences between sorority women and fraternity men demonstrate how these populations may respond differently to educational programming because of the measured behavioral and social differences.

Behaviors Viewed As Deplorable By Peers: A Different Approach To Programming To Curb Unacceptable Behaviors In Fraternities And Sororities, Gordon W. Maples, Emily Perrin Britt, John M. Braxton, Amy S. Hirschy

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

This article posits a different approach to social norm programming by presenting a targeted approach that centers attention on the degree to which members of a fraternity or sorority disdain excessive alcohol use, drug use, sexual assault, racism, and homophobia rather than a focus on the frequency of such behaviors of their peers. An appendix to this article provides a survey instrument for fraternity/sorority advisors to gauge the social norms of their chapters in regards to a handful of specific illicit behaviors – homophobia, racism, sexual assault, drug use, and alcohol use. While social norms interventions have met with limited …

Kindling The Fire: Fueling Preservice Science Teachers' Interest To Teach In High-Needs Schools, Meredith W. Kier, Jason A. Chen

School of Education Articles

This study applies psychological models of interest and motivation (i.e., a model of interest‐development and self‐determination theory) to the experiences of six preservice science Noyce scholars who participated in a teacher preparation program. The National Science Foundation's Noyce grant aims to incentivize mathematics and science majors to teach in high‐needs school districts. Through this interview study, we sought to understand how Noyce scholars' pre‐existing interests and their experiences in the Noyce program interact to develop individual commitments to teach in high‐needs school settings. Case studies reveal that scholars had no prior experiences in high‐needs schools, abstract ideas about teachers, students, …

Implicit Gender Bias, Engagement, And Protective Factors In Stem Faculty, Cheryl L. Dickter, Catherine A. Forestell, Jennifer A. Stevens, Pamela S. Hunt, Christine Porter

Arts & Sciences Articles

The present study assessed implicit gender bias and job engagement among STEM faculty at a mid-size liberal arts university. Forty-nine faculty in each of the departments of natural and social sciences were assessed for implicit gender bias and job engagement. We found that men had greater implicit gender bias than women in the natural sciences. In addition, women in natural science departments felt marginally less engaged than women in social science departments. Women’s disengagement was positively associated with imposter phenomenon and perceived lack of control in departmental decisions. However, women who actively participated in a women’s organization or had an …

An Action Research Study: Inclusive Culture Formation In A New High School, David Wayne Parrish

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The culture of a school community is critical to every aspect of its existence, including academic expectations, degree of inclusiveness, safety, and overall well-being of students and staff. While culture can be an abstract, elusive concept, it makes itself known upon entering the school. School culture can exist on multiple levels, exerting a cohesive impact on relationships and interactions and opportunities. Adding to its complexity, a school culture can be perceived differently by individuals, depending on their unique experiences. Further, a school culture is inevitable and difficult to change; a culture will form and once formed, is resistant to even …

When A Man Loves A Woman: The Lived Experiences Of Male Sober Partners In Romantic Relationships With Women Who Struggle With Addiction, Katharine Rose Sperandio

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The purpose of the phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of male sober partners who are in romantic relationships with women who struggle with addiction. The theoretical framework of the study was social constructivism given the impact of social gender roles on experiences. Five male sober partners were identified as meeting the criteria for the study. Data collection consisted of a semi-structured interview. The interview entailed demographic and open-ended questions that highlighted the participants’ experiences. The primary questions of the study were: What does it mean to be a sober male who is in a relationship with a woman …

A Phenomenological Study Of Student Engagement In An Urban K-8 School, David Joseph Gesualdi

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Student engagement is an indicator of student achievement. For students living in poverty it is difficult to engage in a school that is not relatable to their own cultural norms and values. This phenomenological study sought to understand the lived experiences of these students and their teachers related to student engagement. The purpose of this study was to provide insights and perspectives of students’ and teachers’ personal experiences within a mathematics classroom. The key research questions targeted understanding student perceptions of their own level of engagement—behaviorally, emotionally, and cognitively; teacher perceptions of their students’ levels of engagement; instructional factors that …

Topics And Sequences In Experienced Teachers’ Instructional Planning: Addressing A ~30-Year Literature Gap, Mark J. Hofer, Judi Harris

School of Education Book Chapters

Which topics were addressed, and in what sequence(s) did they appear, in experienced K-12 teachers’ instructional plans that incorporate students’ educational technology use? Eight volunteer classroom teachers with expertise in a broad variety of curricula and instructional levels participated in a university-sponsored professional learning program that helped them to explore ways to plan technology-enhanced, curriculum standards-specific lessons, units, and projects. Data were generated through individual participants’ think-aloud and group reflection audio recordings, plus follow-up interviews with two participants that occurred after the planned units were taught. Many individual differences in planning topics and sequences were noted when the data were …

Prismatic Little Plankton. Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Science/Chemistry; Marine/Ocean Science - Grades: 9-12, Kristen Sharpe

Reports

This is a hands-on interdisciplinary activity that incorporates the fun of biology into physics!

Students participate in chromatography experiments to investigate the properties of plant pigments found in various fruits and vegetables, representing pigments commonly found in various species of marine phytoplankton. The students then apply what they've learned to create and analyze a chromatogram of a mystery "algal" sample to determine which species of phytoplankton are in the sample based on the pigments present. This activity simulates phytoplankton community analysis research done using High Performance Liquid Chromatography at VIMS.

Giant Steps: Toward A Developmental Trajectory Of Creative Talent As A Jazz Improviser, Anthony Michael Washington

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Expert jazz improvisers follow a developmental trajectory that is useful to understanding creative ability. Because this domain uses creativity as a fundamental part of its performance, its development naturally includes techniques for developing one’s creativity. This study explored the development of expert and eminent jazz improvisers' creative abilities and delineated critical experiences, skills, dispositions, and activities associated with developing elite talent in this domain. I conducted interviews with expert jazz improvisers to gain retrospective accounts of their talent development process in addition to exploring autobiographical and biographical accounts of developmental activities of selected eminent jazz improvisers. I employed grounded theory …