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Brave Spaces And Social Emotional Learning Strategies In The Theatre Classroom: What Do They Mean For All Students, Including Those Who Identify As Lgbtqia+?, John Payne-Rios Aug 2023

Brave Spaces And Social Emotional Learning Strategies In The Theatre Classroom: What Do They Mean For All Students, Including Those Who Identify As Lgbtqia+?, John Payne-Rios

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The purpose of this study was to examine the high school experiences of theatre students at a large university in Central Florida to determine which of the Collective for Academic and Social Emotional Learning's (CASEL) five social-emotional learning strategies (SEL 5) were remembered (CASEL, 2022). An opt-in focus group of students who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, or asexual (LGBTQIA+) and were involved in K-12 theatre were interviewed to examine if the SEL 5 strategies being utilized had a distinct impression on this vulnerable population (Krishan, et al., 2016). Due to scheduling, only one student was able …


Learning Gains Post Covid-19 Disruption: The Predictive Value Of Sense Of Belonging, Teacher Efficacy, And School Fit, Deborah Izzo Aug 2023

Learning Gains Post Covid-19 Disruption: The Predictive Value Of Sense Of Belonging, Teacher Efficacy, And School Fit, Deborah Izzo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The study explores predictive associations between student perceptions of a sense of belonging, teacher perceptions of teaching efficacy, family perceptions of school fit, and academic growth within a post-COVID-19 shutdown landscape. Learning loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic instructional disruption can have long-lasting impacts, necessitating instructional interventions that aim to close learning gaps and increase learning gains (UNESCO, 2020). Drawing from 5 global datasets, the World Bank simulation conducted in 2021 projected a COVID-19 school closure learning loss range of .3 to 1.1 years, the range attributed to 4 possible scenarios with converse intervals of closure and effectiveness of mitigation …


The Impact Of The Multi-Tiered System Of Supports (Mtss) And The Role Instructional Leaders And Teachers Have On The Implementation Of An Mtss Framework, Stephanie Crim Aug 2023

The Impact Of The Multi-Tiered System Of Supports (Mtss) And The Role Instructional Leaders And Teachers Have On The Implementation Of An Mtss Framework, Stephanie Crim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The purpose of this study was to determine instructional leaders and instructional faculty's knowledge of a Multi-Tiered System of Supports Framework as an intervention tool to support struggling students. The study analyzed instructional staff knowledge of the definition, purpose, and implementation of an MTSS Framework. This study also evaluated the extent to which school-based leadership utilizes MTSS data to inform decisions related to intervention around academics, behavior, and social-emotional learning. The results of the study indicated that school-based leaders had limited knowledge of the definition and purpose of a Multi-Tiered System of Support Framework. Instructional staff also had limited knowledge …


Late Starts Leading To Native-Like Pronunciation In Second Language Acquisition, Antonio Losavio Aug 2023

Late Starts Leading To Native-Like Pronunciation In Second Language Acquisition, Antonio Losavio

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

This study sought to investigate the self-perceived factors that led adult language learners, who acquired L2 after the critical period, to acquire native like pronunciation in their second language. Given the impact of accent and pronunciation on perceptions of a speaker's status, intelligence and/or competence, there exists a need for thoughtful and comprehensive research into why adult second language learners reach different outcomes in pronunciation attainment. A qualitative phenomenological design was employed to recruit adults who began learning English as an L2 after 12 years old but attained a native-like English accent. Participants recorded vocal samples that were presented with …


Examining The Impact Of Covid-19 On Elementary-Aged Minoritized Students, Ashlynn Ramirez Aug 2023

Examining The Impact Of Covid-19 On Elementary-Aged Minoritized Students, Ashlynn Ramirez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The Coronavirus Disease [COVID-19] pandemic was a public health crisis. As of January 2022, there were over 314 million infections and over 5.5 million deaths (Assefa et al., 2022). Unfortunately, COVID-19 disproportionately impacted minoritized populations. This study will investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and the impact on minoritized students attending Title I elementary schools in one urban school district. According to Lopez-Ibor (2006), "disasters are diverse events as a consequence of a danger that affects social groups and produces material and human losses resulting in insufficient resources of the community and insufficient coping through social mechanisms" (p. 22). COVID-19 affected …


An Exploration Of The Digital Technology Skills Important In The Workforce And The Digital Technology Preparation Of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities In Inclusive Postsecondary Education Programs, Erika Moore Aug 2023

An Exploration Of The Digital Technology Skills Important In The Workforce And The Digital Technology Preparation Of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities In Inclusive Postsecondary Education Programs, Erika Moore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

This research study identifies the digital technology skills important for entry-level employees in the 21st-century workforce and assesses the digital technology preparation currently provided in Inclusive Postsecondary Education programs for students with intellectual disabilities. Digital technology skills were evaluated using the Digital Competence Conceptual Reference Model (2016). A survey was distributed to 100 U.S. employers to assess the digital technology skills in demand in the workforce. Inclusive Postsecondary Education programs were then evaluated to assess the digital technology skill preparation offered at 83 programs across the U.S. The results were analyzed to determine whether Inclusive Postsecondary Education programs are preparing …


The Effect Of Extended Reality On The Science Achievement Gap Between Students With And Without Disabilities, Shalece Kohnke Aug 2023

The Effect Of Extended Reality On The Science Achievement Gap Between Students With And Without Disabilities, Shalece Kohnke

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

A science achievement gap between students with disabilities (SWD) and students without disabilities continues to persist, impacting academic and occupational outcomes. Traditional science instruction and the abstract nature of science concepts are a barrier to science achievement for students with disabilities. The current research study examined the effect of extended reality (XR; Browser-based 360° virtual reality) on closing the science achievement gap between students with and without disabilities in inclusive biology classrooms using a one group pretest-posttest design. The researcher expands on existing research by utilizing a larger sample size, with free and easily accessible XR technology implemented in 9th …


A Phenomenological Exploration Of Transfer Students' Experiences With Coaching And Advising At A Large Metropolitan Research University, Mirvate El Jerdi Aug 2023

A Phenomenological Exploration Of Transfer Students' Experiences With Coaching And Advising At A Large Metropolitan Research University, Mirvate El Jerdi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The number of students transferring from state colleges to state universities in Florida is significant due to the articulation agreements that are supported by the Board of Governors. These agreements allow students who have completed an associate degree to transfer their credits toward a bachelor's degree at a state university. However, transfer students face numerous barriers including academic, financial, and personal that hinder their success as they transition and start their first year at the state university. A large metropolitan public university in Florida has implemented success coaching, a new model of holistic student support, and advising services to provide …


Changes In Preservice Secondary Science Teachers' Views, Beliefs, And Their Nos Teaching During A Science Methods Course Guided By Rfn, Kelsey Beeghly Aug 2023

Changes In Preservice Secondary Science Teachers' Views, Beliefs, And Their Nos Teaching During A Science Methods Course Guided By Rfn, Kelsey Beeghly

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

This multiple-case study investigated the changes in three secondary science preservice teachers' views of the nature of science (NOS), their beliefs about the importance of NOS, as well as how these changes relate to their NOS teaching at the end of a science methods course guided by the reconceptualized family resemblance approach (RFN). RFN is a conceptual framework that visualizes science as a cognitive-epistemic and socioinstitutional system, and its educational applications have recently begun to be explored. Data sources included the pre and post course RFN Questionnaire (Kaya et al., 2019) and individual interviews, as well as each preservice teachers' …


Due Tomorrow, Do Tomorrow: Measuring And Reducing Procrastination Behavior Among Introductory Physics Students In An Online Environment, Zachary Felker Aug 2023

Due Tomorrow, Do Tomorrow: Measuring And Reducing Procrastination Behavior Among Introductory Physics Students In An Online Environment, Zachary Felker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

This work is focused on the measurement and prevention of procrastination behavior among college level introductory physics students completing online assignments in the form of mastery-based online learning modules. The research is conducted in two studies. The first study evaluates the effectiveness of offering students the opportunity to earn a small amount of extra credit for completing portions of their homework early. Unsupervised machine learning is used to identify an optimum cutoff duration which differentiates taking a short break during a continuous study session from a long break between two different study sessions. Using this cutoff, the study shows that …


Employing Organizational Theory And Strategic Enrollment Management To Private School Student Enrollment, Jessica Adams Aug 2023

Employing Organizational Theory And Strategic Enrollment Management To Private School Student Enrollment, Jessica Adams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

This correlational, quantitative study examined if any relationship existed between Bolman and Deal's Organizational Theory and Strategic Enrollment Management in regard to a private, Christian school's enrollment. The study used four years of historical survey data, five years of enrollment data, and cross-referenced data points to find any similarities or common threads as to areas that could potentially be plaguing the enrollment numbers. The population of this study or unit of analysis included the following groups: 3rd-6th students, 7th-12th students, K-12th parents, and all faculty and staff. Historical survey data from focused climate and culture surveys completed through the EProve, …


A Phenomenological Inquiry On How Social Markers Inform Preservice Elementary Teachers Science Teacher Identity Through The Lens Of Positionality, Katherine Cruz-Deiter Aug 2023

A Phenomenological Inquiry On How Social Markers Inform Preservice Elementary Teachers Science Teacher Identity Through The Lens Of Positionality, Katherine Cruz-Deiter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of preservice elementary teachers (PSETs) in a teacher preparation course and the factors that informed their science teacher identity. The theoretical framework used was phenomenology, and the study addresses under researched undergraduate preservice elementary teachers within teacher preparation courses with no teaching experience. Methods included participant survey, semi structured interviews, and a card sort activity. Analysis was conducted with basic statistical methods for the quantitative data, and coding followed by creating themes for the qualitative data. Findings reveal that the responses (n=28) to an open question survey report 21 PSETs did not identify …


Determining The Influence Of Kids Building For Kids Workshops On Attitudes And Beliefs Of General Education Middle School Teachers Toward Students With Disabilities, Jennifer Tucker Jan 2023

Determining The Influence Of Kids Building For Kids Workshops On Attitudes And Beliefs Of General Education Middle School Teachers Toward Students With Disabilities, Jennifer Tucker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Children with disabilities experience barriers to meaningful engagement in science, technology, mathematics, and engineering (STEM) learning activities and course options. While inclusion is widely professed, general education teachers report being uncomfortable in adapting coursework or including children with disabilities. However, informal professional development opportunities could potentially impact general education teachers' attitudes and dispositions towards including children with disabilities. The UCF Go Baby Go Kids Building for Kids workshops offers a one-time informal professional development experience that incorporates STEM content along with concepts of disability awareness and social justice. Little to no research exists on the impact of this type of …


Exploring Bibliotherapy And Creating Family Literacy Bags In Response To Community Violence, Sierra Urbaez Jan 2023

Exploring Bibliotherapy And Creating Family Literacy Bags In Response To Community Violence, Sierra Urbaez

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This thesis sought to aid children in coping with community violence. As violent crimes terrorize communities near and far, children are hearing about them. Children might learn about this violence on the news or by overhearing adults' discussions. Regardless, this thesis sought to help students navigate a world that may be anxiety filled. This thesis includes an exploration of bibliotherapy and discussions of the use of books in a therapeutic manner to delve deeper into its profound effects. The topics of this thesis surround social-emotional learning, which is also investigated and explained. The benefits of combining bibliotherapy and social-emotional learning …


An Equal Wage For All: Investigating The Gender Wage Gap In Opticianry, Christine E. Pinkney Jan 2023

An Equal Wage For All: Investigating The Gender Wage Gap In Opticianry, Christine E. Pinkney

Honors Undergraduate Theses

To better understand the gender wage gap and how it affects licensed working opticians in Florida, an attitudinal survey was constructed using a Likert scale and an online survey instrument through Qualtrics. A pilot study was used with student opticians to investigate the clarity of the questions. This research aimed to learn about Florida opticians' current attitudes toward the gender wage gap in their field and to investigate if this knowledge had somehow affected their decision to stay in the opticianry field. The data from the pilot study indicates that while opticians are aware of the gender wage gap, they …


The Successful Characteristics That Contribute To Black Male Students Matriculating Into Medical School, Cedric Brown Jan 2023

The Successful Characteristics That Contribute To Black Male Students Matriculating Into Medical School, Cedric Brown

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

In 2019, individuals that identified as Black represented 13.4% of the U.S. population, 12.5% of the undergraduate student enrollment population and 7.1% of the medical school population. Subsequently, this has yielded a 5% Black physician population and workforce consisting of just 2.3% Black male physicians (AAMC, 2018). The disproportionately low Black physician representation contributes to greater healthcare disparity outcomes within the U.S. Black population. This study is centered on the post-positive characteristics of Black male medical students that have successfully overcome barriers to entry and matriculated into medical school. The phenomenological post-positive study was conducted through the lens of Self-Efficacy …


The Dynamical Measurement And Modeling Of Metacognition And Engagement Using Self-Report And Multimodal Data With Advanced Learning Technologies, Megan Wiedbusch Jan 2023

The Dynamical Measurement And Modeling Of Metacognition And Engagement Using Self-Report And Multimodal Data With Advanced Learning Technologies, Megan Wiedbusch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Interdisciplinary research has demonstrated that learning and problem solving with advanced learning technologies (ALTs) such as intelligent tutoring systems, simulations, hypermedia, serious games, and virtual reality can promote and foster the development of 21st century skills (e.g., collaboration, problem solving, self-regulated learning) by measuring and using the interactions between cognitive, affective, metacognitive, motivational, and social (CAMMS) processes. Interdisciplinary researchers focused on self-regulated learning (SRL) have developed several theoretical models which model students' CAMMS processes and their learning behaviors. However, when empirically testing these models, researchers face complicated methodological decisions around modeling, measuring, processing, and analyzing student data. Many of these …


Leadership Efficacy: A Study Of The Relationship Between Leadership Efficacy, Teacher Perception And Teacher Retention, Rachel Hazel Jan 2023

Leadership Efficacy: A Study Of The Relationship Between Leadership Efficacy, Teacher Perception And Teacher Retention, Rachel Hazel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Leadership self-efficacy is an important quality for school principals. In his work, Hattie has stated, "How we think about the impact of what we do is more important than focusing on what we do (Hattie, 2020)." Leadership efficacy, theories of action, and how leaders ensure their actions are aligned with their goals is more important than ever as educators face challenges with teacher shortages and leading in a tumultuous time. Teacher recruitment and retention is a worldwide problem. Teachers are leaving the field. While teachers do not have to validate the beliefs of their leaders, they must carry out the …


Preservice Teacher Intersectional Awareness: A Qualitative Inquiry, Lindsey Pike Jan 2023

Preservice Teacher Intersectional Awareness: A Qualitative Inquiry, Lindsey Pike

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the intersectional awareness of preservice general education teachers as experienced through an internship in an urban, Title 1 funded school. Intersectionality Theory (Boveda, 2016; Crenshaw, 1990; Dill & Zambrana, 2009; Jones & Wijeyesinghe, 2011) was used as a theoretical framework to inform this study. A descriptive phenomenological design (Creswell, 2013; Moustakas, 1994) was used to examine preservice teachers' (PSTs)lived experiences within their teacher preparation program courses and internship. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with preservice general education teachers. Data analysis was completed using Colaizzi's (1978) seven-step process as outlined by …


The Impact Math Interventions Have On Student Achievement In An Urban School Setting, Jennifer A. Bellinger Jan 2023

The Impact Math Interventions Have On Student Achievement In An Urban School Setting, Jennifer A. Bellinger

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

Intense intervention is needed for students who have persistent math challenges and perform below grade level. In the classroom setting, teachers need to provide additional support for some students based on their specific needs. This correlational study was an examination of interventions' impact on student achievement in math. The sample comprised students enrolled in Algebra I during the 2021–2022 school year. The results of this study showed that interventions may have a positive impact on student performance, especially when carried out in the proper educational setting. The findings from the research showed that there is no significant statistical correlation between …


An Exploration Of The Relationships Among Habitual Exercise, Emotion Regulation, And Quality Of Life In College Students With Adhd: A Mixed-Methods Study, Greta Ledoyen Jan 2023

An Exploration Of The Relationships Among Habitual Exercise, Emotion Regulation, And Quality Of Life In College Students With Adhd: A Mixed-Methods Study, Greta Ledoyen

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

College students with ADHD tend to struggle with their academic performance and are less likely to graduate college than their neurotypical peers. Emotion dysregulation, a common symptom of ADHD, can cause significant functional impairment throughout life. Acute exercise improves ADHD symptom severity, yet medication is the first line of treatment. Less is understood about the effectiveness of habitual exercise or ADHD medication on emotion dysregulation and quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine the relationship between habitual exercise, emotion regulation, and QoL in college students with ADHD, and the possible moderating effects of …


Who Cares About Virtual Campus Tours? Virtual Tours In The College Choice Model And Perceived Student-Institution Fit, Christopher Thompson Jan 2023

Who Cares About Virtual Campus Tours? Virtual Tours In The College Choice Model And Perceived Student-Institution Fit, Christopher Thompson

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

College recruitment practices have remained stagnant for quite some time. However, due to decreases in state funding and hypercompetitive applicant pools colleges must adapt their recruitment practices to remain competitive. Due to precautions and social distancing guidelines which occurred in 2020 caused by the coronavirus pandemic, college information sessions, college fairs, campus tours and other recruitment events were suspended. As such, admissions administrators were forced to rely on virtual recruitment practices, including virtual campus tours, to recruit applicants. Virtual campus tours allow colleges to expand their applicant pool by engaging with prospective students, who may not possess the required finances …


Preparing College Students With Adhd For Online Job Interviews: Self-Regulation & Psychophysiology, Tahnee L. Wilder Jan 2023

Preparing College Students With Adhd For Online Job Interviews: Self-Regulation & Psychophysiology, Tahnee L. Wilder

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

This dissertation investigates the complex dynamics of digital communication, highlights the unique stressors it places on college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and advocates for adopting interdisciplinary methods to enhance their participation in online communication environments. While online interviewing has become increasingly common in the employment domain, it poses unique difficulties for individuals with ADHD, who may struggle with self-regulation and communication skills. Due to the absence of physical presence, online interviews pose a significant challenge to individuals in perceiving and responding to the nuanced range of non-verbal cues, which can greatly impact the effectiveness of their communication. To advance …


Gateways To Lived Experiences: Analyzing Florida's B.E.S.T. Elementary Ela Standards To Create A Standards-Based Inventory List Of Multicultural K-2 Children's Literature, Elizabeth D. Rios Jan 2023

Gateways To Lived Experiences: Analyzing Florida's B.E.S.T. Elementary Ela Standards To Create A Standards-Based Inventory List Of Multicultural K-2 Children's Literature, Elizabeth D. Rios

Honors Undergraduate Theses

All educators are responsible for making their students feel safe, capable, and seen in the classroom. One way this can be accomplished is by implementing culturally responsive pedagogy. Our students will come from many different backgrounds. One of the most vital ways students will feel seen is by having characters in the books they read that they can identify with and learn from. Therefore, teachers should put effort into including children's literature in their classrooms by choosing culturally diverse books that are also high-quality and align with state standards. There are many high-quality pieces of children's literature that include culturally …


Capturing And Scaffolding The Complexities Of Self-Regulation During Game-Based Learning, Daryn Dever Jan 2023

Capturing And Scaffolding The Complexities Of Self-Regulation During Game-Based Learning, Daryn Dever

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

Game-based learning environments (GBLEs) can offer students with engaging interactive instructional materials while also providing a research platform to investigate the dynamics and intricacies of effective self-regulated learning (SRL). Past research has indicated learners are often unable to monitor and regulate their cognitive and metacognitive processes within GBLEs accurately and effectively on their own due mostly to the open-ended nature of these environments. The future design and development of GBLEs and embedded scaffolds, therefore, require a better understanding of the discrepancies between the affordances of GBLEs and the required use of SRL. Specifically, how to incorporate interdisciplinary theories and concepts …


High School Transition Clubs: Teacher Experiences Leading Clubs, Phillip Sasse Jan 2023

High School Transition Clubs: Teacher Experiences Leading Clubs, Phillip Sasse

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

This phenomenological study was conducted to understand high school teachers' use of transition clubs to support student self-determination goals and student participation in community activities. A Qualtrics survey was administered to 51 clubs, with responses from 13 teachers. Survey results indicated club directors were most proud of the career exploration focus and club activities, which gave the students in the clubs new experiences and helped lead the students to positive outcomes. Five teachers agreed to meet for Zoom interviews about their experiences leading their College and Career Transition (CCT) Club. Responses were transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method of …


Exploring English As A Foreign Language (Efl) Saudi Arabian Teachers' Perceptions Vis-A-Vis The English Education Context In Primary And Secondary Schools, Mona Abdullah A. Al Mogeerah Jan 2023

Exploring English As A Foreign Language (Efl) Saudi Arabian Teachers' Perceptions Vis-A-Vis The English Education Context In Primary And Secondary Schools, Mona Abdullah A. Al Mogeerah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

The education system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is given a great deal of attention by the government as it is keen to provide an educational system that caters to teacher and student needs. Because English has the potential to provide access to resources that may facilitate advancement in science and technology, it is difficult to deny or underestimate the importance of the English language in Saudi Arabia. Despite the history of EFL teaching and resources allocated to the teaching of English in Arabia, the quality of Saudi students' English language skills has raised many concerns. Saudi students currently …


The Impact Of Competency Based Education On Educational Equity, Ndifor Manjong Jan 2023

The Impact Of Competency Based Education On Educational Equity, Ndifor Manjong

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-

For centuries, minority groups, students from low socio-economic background, and girls in public schools especially K-12 educational institutions in the United States have experienced prejudice, injustice, and bigotry. Unfortunately, the conventional approach of education, based on a one-size-fits-all approach, has failed to deal with these obstacles. In the past decades, however, there has been an increasing demand for the adoption of the Competency-Based system of education, a personalized learning approach that focuses on the acquisition of concrete skills rather than abstract knowledge. In a Competency-Based model, students advance based on the demonstration of mastery of knowledge and skills other than …


Quality Multicultural Literature As Windows, Mirrors, And Sliding Glass Doors For Arab American Students In The Elementary Classroom, (2012-2022), Sarah Ritts Jan 2023

Quality Multicultural Literature As Windows, Mirrors, And Sliding Glass Doors For Arab American Students In The Elementary Classroom, (2012-2022), Sarah Ritts

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Discrimination occurs against underrepresented and misrepresented cultures in the United States of America. Hate crimes, racism, and stereotyping are not only against adults but also students in the educational system. These actions are causing division within our nation. There is a movement for transforming the classroom into one that is culturally inclusive for everyone. These Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) methods can help to unite our nation by celebrating diversity. One very effective method to achieve this is by using multicultural literature in classrooms as a way for students to see themselves as if looking in mirrors, understand their peers as …


The Significance Of Art Education: Creating A Digital Classroom Advocating Art Education, Keri K. O'Connell Jan 2023

The Significance Of Art Education: Creating A Digital Classroom Advocating Art Education, Keri K. O'Connell

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Art programs have always been essential to education; they have provided students with a safe place to express themselves and make risk-free choices. However, due to budget cuts to the public school systems, art education is in jeopardy. The impact of the budget cuts on art education is widespread and has reduced student access to the arts and lowered the quality of the art education programs within our public school system. Schools can only provide students with the necessary resources, such as art supplies, technology, and professional development for art educators, with adequate funding. When schools are not receiving adequate …