Education Commons^™

Professional Development Impact On Quality Interactions In Home-Based Early Childhood Settings, Theresa Peplinski

Graduate Teacher Education

Recent literature was examined to explore the relationship between professional development and quality interactions in home-based early childhood settings. Home-based child care was identified as a setting preferred by parents (Melvin et al., 2022). However, the educators in these settings often worked alone, worked long hours, and were less likely to have a degree than educators in other early childhood settings (Durden et al., 2016). The understanding of what constituted quality in these under-recognized settings was more challenging to quantify and less studied than quality in other early education settings (Han et al., 2021). A thorough literature review was conducted, …

Prioritizing Prosocial Behavior For Preschool Children: How Are Parents Affecting Psb Development?, Deborah Zupito

Doctorate in Education

Scholars and Early Childhood Education (ECE) professionals acknowledge the critical nature of prosocial behavior (PSB) skills in the lives of preschool-aged children. Research specifies that children lacking PSBs are socially and academically disadvantaged. Studies have shown that 30% of preschoolers exhibit negative emotional/social behavior, and 80% of preschool educators report negative social behaviors (NSBs) adversely affecting their jobs. It is well-researched that a child's earliest experiences shape social and emotional behaviors, explicitly parenting and the home environment; however, less research exists about parents' knowledge and perception of their role relating to PSB development in their child's life. This qualitative case …

Ela High School Teacher Beliefs About Academic Language Learning, Wendy Aro

Doctorate in Education

The enrollment of English learners (ELs) in K-12 schools in the United States continues to surpass all other student groups reshaping U.S. public schools (National Center for Education Statistics, 2017). Research suggests while learning English, ELs fall behind academically, which can determine how long an EL remains in an English learner program (Wixom, 2014). Educators and leaders are faced with the challenges associated with EL education including professional development, retaining EL specialized teachers, and designing, implementing, and evaluating EL service models. Other challenges include ensuring EL access to grade-level content standards while simultaneously developing the language of the subject area. …

Increased Child Initiated Activity In Child-Centered Learning Environments, Angela Robinson

Graduate Teacher Education

Child-initiated activity in child-centered learning environments benefits the development of the whole child. Current research lends evidence that the early relationships and experiences of a child directly impact learning success (Nitecki, 2017; Fyffe et al., 2022). The indoor and outdoor environment are positioned as places for learning providing freedom and space to support health and well-being (Maynard et al., 2013). Classrooms have largely removed free play to address academic standards and high-stakes testing (Pistrova & Slutsky, 2018). This has been demonstrated by the implementation of scripted curriculum, the removal of toys such as unit blocks that foster creativity and imagination, …

How The Rise In Social Media Use Impacts The Mental Health Of Adolescents, Adam Meyer

Graduate Teacher Education

Social media is more available now than ever before. More platforms are available and access to each platform is just one click away for anyone with a cell phone, tablet, iPad, or computer. Since social media was introduced, there has also been a steady rise in mental health concerns, especially in adolescents (Ellis et al., 2020). This leads to the question, how does social media impact mental health of adolescents? The potential implications of this question impact both educators, parents, and adolescents. This literature review examined how the rise in social media use has impacted mental health of adolescents, both …

Humor And Laughter As Intentional Teaching Strategies: Professional Development For Early Childhood Educators, Rebecca Ellen Fish Hegstad

Graduate Teacher Education

Research has shown that humor and laughter benefit young children’s social-emotional development (Lovorn, 2008; Semrud-Clikeman & Glass, 2010). Humor and laughter also benefit teachers (Chaniotakis & Papazoglou, 2019). However, despite the benefits, research has also shown that teachers may be hesitant to use humor and laughter for fear of "losing control," not feeling inherently funny, and/or because teachers have not been taught how to use humor effectively (Chaniotakis & Papazoglou, 2019; Lovorn & Holaway, 2015). Cekaite and Andrén (2019) revealed that teachers in early childhood settings rarely responded to children’s laughter with laughter. The difference between teachers’ beliefs and practices …

A Blueprint For A Collaborative Learning Organization: Lean Methodology As A Framework For Secondary Teacher Teams, Brandon Willcox

Graduate Teacher Education

Abstract

Teacher teams such as Professional Learning Communities (PLCs), and similar cooperative teams, have been identified as instrumental in improving student outcomes. At the same time, the importance of a collaborative approach to evaluating data and refining practice has been recognized (Graham, 2007; Sigurðardóttir, 2010). Often however, teacher teams do not have the resources available to them to ensure their success. This paper examined current research regarding several internal and external factors that impact the success of teacher teams such as PLCs. A review of the literature suggested that within teams, trust amongst team members is a predominant indicator of …

Improving The Implementation Of The Science Of Reading In Primary Classrooms, Molly Lout

Graduate Teacher Education

Becoming a proficient reader is critical if one wants to have a successful future. Unfortunately, students in the United States continue to fall well-below basic reading levels. Although a plethora of research on the science of reading exists, many educators have not implemented science-based instructional practices in primary classrooms. A total of 17 peer-reviewed articles were synthesized to show teacher education programs, phonological awareness, decoding skills, and specific interventions played a critical role in students’ acquisition of reading skills. The analysis discovered the science of reading has not been implemented adequately in primary classrooms or teacher education programs. However, the …

The Effects Of A Growth Mindset On Student Learning, Achievement, And Mental Health, Emily Cahill

Graduate Teacher Education

This paper analyzed research on the impact of a growth mindset on student learning, achievement, and mental health. This topic was explored through research regarding the impact of growth and fixed mindsets, what shapes students’ mindsets, and the impact of mindsets on mental health. Research has examined the impact of growth mindset interventions on students and has determined that these interventions improve academic success and increase task importance and interest in students. Additional research discussed a correlation between mindset and mental health and stated that children who believe their intelligence is malleable may feel the same about their emotions, and …

Best Practices For Social-Emotional Learning In Early Childhood And Elementary Classrooms, Danielle Kelley

Graduate Teacher Education

Social-emotional learning has existed for many years and the body of research surrounding it increasingly shows its effectiveness. Although SEL curriculums are available, they are often too expensive for school districts to purchase. This paper analyzed SEL best practices so positive behavior and classroom engagement increase. Some elements commonly emerged through quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods research for consideration as best practices. Included themes are a positive teacher-student relationship and positive student-student interactions. Once relationships were established, explicitly teaching a social skill then reinforcing with positive feedback and a game proved to be effective in increasing both behavior and classroom engagement. …

Creating Inclusive Differentiated Classrooms For English Language Learners, Jenifer Geisler

Graduate Teacher Education

There are many English language learner (ELL) students in United States schools. These students have varying needs and abilities, yet they legally and ethically have the right to an equal education. The purpose of this research was to find ways to best meet the needs of ELL students in inclusive classrooms. Research of fifteen studies related to this important topic have been analyzed and synthesized in order to better understand what schools and educators could do to meet the needs of ELL students. These studies included information on ELL family systems and mental health. The research continued with studies related …

How Can Professional Development For Early Childhood Educators On Trauma-Informed Practices Help Support Whole Child Development?, Kacy Carlson

Graduate Teacher Education

Research findings have indicated that early childhood educators are requiring additional knowledge and skills than what is currently provided to better support the development of young children after they have experienced a traumatic event (Alisic, 2012; Kim et al., 2021; Loomis & Felt, 2020). Approximately one in four children have experienced a traumatic event by the time they turn two years old (Loomis & Felt, 2020). This paper examined the impact of professional development opportunities for early childhood educators on trauma-informed practices to better support the whole child. In addition to professional development opportunities, the research suggested that curriculum enrichment …

Effective Reading Practices For Inclusive Classrooms, Andrew Block

Graduate Teacher Education

This paper examined research on what are best practices for teaching reading comprehension to students in an inclusive classroom. This topic is explored through research findings from multiple quantitative and qualitative studies which examined the effectiveness of structured reading instruction, explicitly taught reading strategies, student autonomy, and discussion and collaboration as best practices for improving reading comprehension skills. While research showed a variety of effective practices and strategies to increase reading comprehension among all students, the research also suggested the need for content area teachers to receive on-going professional development to consistently implement evidence-based practices throughout the course of the …

Trauma-Informed Practices In Early Childhood Education, Michelle King

Graduate Teacher Education

Young children who have experienced trauma risk falling behind peers academically, and socially, and may have lifelong mental and physical impairments (Bartlett, 2021). Half of the young children in the United States have been victims of early childhood trauma (Bartlett, et al., 2017). Findings analyzed for this paper show that trauma-informed care (TIC) can increase children’s chance of recovering and thriving, despite trauma (Bartlett, 2021). The following studies showed how early childhood teachers can best prepare themselves for students of trauma in their classrooms. Preparation included TIC that focused on strong social-emotional development (SED), helping build resilience, and preparing for …

Efficacy Of Early Childhood Education Social Emotional Curricula That Include Sensory Integration Strategies, Ana Schmid

Graduate Teacher Education

The primary concentration at any early learning center must be the promotion of healthy development and learning in a safe and nurturing environment. Research has shown that in order for educators to meet criterion standards for healthy and safe learning environments, ongoing evaluation and assessment of teaching strategies that target the child’s development are needed.

Further, if there is any one area to be emphasized over any other as holding paramount importance or influence in early learning, it must be identified and fully supported (Nix, et al., 2016). Research now points early childhood practitioners toward intensive focus on social/emotional development, …

How Can A Play-Based Curriculum Foster Social And Emotional Self-Regulation Skills In Early Childhood Classrooms?, Kalei Stephens

Graduate Teacher Education

Play is an essential aspect in the early childhood years, especially during the years of preschool and kindergarten when children’s social and emotional skills are developing rapidly (Denham et al., 2012; Kangas et al., 2015; Kroll, 2017). Even though play is an essential part, allowing children to partake in pretend play during school hours has decreased tremendously due to the push of academics within the school (Aras, 2015). With the rising importance of play as part of the curriculum, there have been previous studies and research explaining the why and the benefits of play and how play has allowed children …

The Impact Of A Pilot Virtual Synchronous Group-Based E3 Parent Education: A Qualitative Study, Yu Jiang

Graduate Teacher Education

This study evaluated the accessibility and effectiveness of a pilot virtual synchronous group-based E³ Parent Education (E³PE) program initiated in Whitefish, Montana, in January 2021. It is a qualitative study of a model designed initially for a virtual live group-learning setting to empower parents in building a nourishing family environment. Parent education has been proven as an effective intervention and prevention of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and K-12 student mental health problems and behavioral issues. However, a lack of universal access and the busyness of parents are significant barriers to participation. The Literature Review showed rapid …

Best Practices For Inclusion Of Special Education Students In Elementary Classrooms, Stephanie Leedahl

Graduate Teacher Education

Inclusion in elementary education has been gaining momentum in research and implementation over the past two to three decades. Best practices are becoming more well documented and research is mounting surrounding the benefits of inclusionary practices in elementary classrooms. Several themes surrounding inclusion have become evident as necessary for understanding inclusion such as classroom community, nonexamples of inclusion, relationships, student choice, and teacher training. In order to best support young students with a wide range of abilities and backgrounds, educators must first understand what inclusion is and is not. Then teachers can better implement inclusionary practices in their classrooms to …

Utilizing The Multiple Intelligences Theory In Classrooms, Priscilla Wreede

Graduate Teacher Education

Teachers have the seemingly impossible task of providing instruction that meets the needs of each learner in their classrooms. In their quest to provide quality instruction for all, many teachers have started to implement the Multiple Intelligences Theory into their lessons. Several studies have been analyzed to understand how intelligences can be identified and developed in students and how proper implementation of this theory can affect students’ motivational levels and academic achievement. The studies showed that when students are aware of their own strongest intelligences and/or their teachers are aware, they are able to develop the intelligences to a higher …

High-Quality Parent Teacher Relationships: Collaboration That Creates Culturally Relevant Educational Experiences For Students Of Color, Kelly Kudla

Doctorate in Education

Effective parent teacher relationships (PTRs) have positive impacts on student academic and social achievement; however, families of color often face barriers which limit their access to these relationships. When barriers are removed and collaborative PTRs with families of color are established, teachers can more effectively create culturally relevant experiences for students. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the experiences of teachers that have participated in collaborative PTRs, with a focus on experiences that contributed to teachers’ abilities to establish and maintain partnerships with families of color, and how teachers utilize the knowledge and skills of families to benefit …

Bridging The Gap Between Doing Math And Teaching Math: Supporting Mathematically Competent And Confident K-6 Preservice Teachers., Athena Novack

Doctorate in Education

Teachers with math anxiety can inadvertently pass along their own anxiety to the younger generation, creating a cycle of math anxiety. This study aims to interrupt this cycle by learning more about math anxiety and self-efficacy of the preservice teacher. This sequential, mixed methods action research study sought to explore ways to decrease math anxiety and increase self-efficacy among preservice teachers by examining how the use of self-recordings and mircoteaching throughout a semester-long course for preservice teachers at a small midwestern university impacted their math anxiety and self-efficacy.

Using the abbreviated Math Anxiety Rating Scale (A-MARS) 20 participants realized an …

Asset-Based Teaching Strategies For Elementary English Learners, Peyton Hecht

Graduate Teacher Education

Research studies were analyzed to find how English language learners (ELLs) brought unique skills, ideas, cultural experiences, and language into the classroom that could benefit all students. The assets ELL students brought into the classroom had a positive effect on the student’s education when educators recognized the strengths of students. Research exposed the deficit mindset that had inhabited education where ELL students were behind in academics because of lagged language skills (Genesee, Lindholm-Leary, Saunders, Christian, 2005). The scope of the researched proved that a deficit mindset in regard to ELL students did not lead to academic success. Instead, the studies …

Dual Language Learners In Monolingual Taught Classrooms, Katie Dahlman

Graduate Teacher Education

Research confirmed that the number of students that would be classified as “English as a Second Language Student” has continued to increase in early childhood classrooms (Lewis, Sandilos, Hammer, Sawyer, & Méndez, 2016). Research findings indicated educator demographics have not had the same rate of change (Harrison & Lakin, 2018). Monolingual teachers needed to be equipped and have enough training to teach in culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms (Sawyer et al., 2016). This capstone analyzed and synthesized qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method studies that addressed ways to best support dual language learners (DLL) in monolingual classrooms. Several research studies provided …

Flipped Classrooms: Student Engagement Enhancing Student Success And Satisfaction, Jed Swensen

Graduate Teacher Education

With a growing use of digital technology in homes and at schools, student engagement in academic content can be difficult to achieve. In some cases, students are more engaged with a cell phone than the classroom content. A flipped classroom creates an avenue for educators to utilize the digital format in a purposeful and meaningful approach. By utilizing the flipped learning model, the time students spend in the classroom can be devoted to active learning activities rather than listening to direct instruction through a lecture format. The increase in student engagement due to these active learning activities has shown to …

Effective Differentiation Utilizing Technology In The Elementary Mathematics Classroom, Sara Wiertzema

Graduate Teacher Education

The achievement gap between high-achieving and low-performing students has long been documented in the United States. Little, if any, efforts have proven effective in narrowing this gap. The goal of this research analysis was to identify whether technology can be used to effectively differentiate math content for students and increase achievement, thereby closing the achievement gap in American schools. The results of the studies investigated were clear that technology can be an effective method for math differentiation and can help lower-performing students accelerate their learning, in some cases even surpassing their higher-achieving peers. Technology, when used correctly to differentiate in …

The Impact Of Co-Teaching On Students Receiving Special Education Services, Shantal Spoden

Graduate Teacher Education

Delivering special education services has evolved as research continues to support the importance of an inclusive classroom. The development of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 required that all students receiving special education have the same access and opportunities to the same high academic standards as students without disadvantaged backgrounds such as race, disability, and socioeconomic status (U.S. Department of Education, 2000). Considering the requirements to keep all students in their natural learning environments as much as possible, innovative ways to meet the individual needs of each student continue to progress. Co-teaching is a service delivery model which …

Culturally And Linguistically Responsive Teaching Practices For English Learners, Alanna Williamson

Graduate Teacher Education

English Language Learners (ELLs) in the United States have continually underachieved in literacy. This paper evaluated research done on the effectiveness of culturally and linguistically responsive (CLR) practices on literacy improvement for preschool to early elementary ELLs. Multiple studies were synthesized in the areas of positive and negative teacher perceptions, effective culturally and linguistically responsive strategies, and creating independent learners. The research determined CLR teaching to be an effective method for improving teacher perceptions of ELLs. It was also shown that through culturally and linguistically responsive practices, teachers can offer successful literacy strategies. The studies additionally indicated CLR practices could …

Family Engagement And English Language Students, Megan Beuch

Graduate Teacher Education

Families are a child’s first teacher. Preschool students are learning and developing rapidly, while becoming accustomed to new school rules and routines. Dual language learners are a growing population in the United States. As children are learning English as a second language, parents, alongside early childhood educators, play an impactful role in each child’s development. When families and teachers work together, students will see more academic, social, emotional, and linguistic success during the early years. This paper explored a multitude of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies regarding dual language learners, family engagement, and the importance of fostering positive home …