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Looking Beyond The Household: The Importance Of School Factors In Understanding Elementary Grade Retention In Rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Bushra Rahim
Comparative and International Education / Éducation Comparée et Internationale
This paper contributes to the limited literature on the educational outcomes of children in rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. It explores the impact of school-level factors such as physical resources, teachers and school characteristics on retention to the last grade of primary in the KP province for the time period 2007-12. Two sources of data were used to measure the retention rates. One of which is an official compilation of institutional data on education known as Education Management Information System (EMIS). The second data source, Annual Status of Education Reports (ASER), is a household data set with a rich set …