Education Commons^™

Examining The Factor Structure Of The Teachers' Sense Of Efficacy Scale, Helenrose Fives, Michelle M. Buehl

Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works

The authors examined the factor structure of the long and short forms of the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES; M. Tschannen-Moran & A. Woolfolk-Hoy, 2001) for practicing (n = 102) and preservice teachers (n = 270), comparing the responses to both forms of the TSES, and looked for differences in teachers' efficacy with respect to experience and grade level taught. They found the 3-factor structure - efficacy for classroom management, instructional practices, and student engagement - to be appropriate for practicing teachers, but they found a single efficacy factor to be appropriate for preservice teachers. The long and short …

Implementing And Sustaining Science Curriculum Reform: A Study Of Leadership Practices Among Teachers Within A High School Science Department, Douglas Larkin, Scott C. Seyforth, Holly J. Lasky

Department of Teaching and Learning Scholarship and Creative Works

This study presents a description and analysis of a ninth-grade integrated science curriculum developed and implemented by teachers within a high school science department and subsequently sustained for over 25 years. The Integrated Science Program (ISP) at Lakeside Southwest High School depicted here offers a unique example of longitudinal science education reform. In this study, we examined ISP as an artifact of teacher leadership. Findings affirmed the importance of shared philosophical purpose among teachers, attention to public perceptions, staff stability, the distribution of responsibilities, and instructional coherence. This study also demonstrated how curricular reforms might change over time in response …

Early Gender Differences In Self-Regulation And Academic Achievement, Jamaal Matthews, Claire Cameron Ponitz, Frederick J. Morrison

Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works

This study examined gender differences in self-regulation in the fall and spring of kindergarten and their connection to gender differences in 5 areas of early achievement: applied problems (math), general knowledge, letter-word identification, expressive vocabulary, and sound awareness. Behavioral self-regulation was measured using both an objective direct measure (N = 268; Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task) and, for a subsample of children, a teacher report of classroom self-regulatory behavior (n = 156; Child Behavior Rating Scale). Results showed that girls outperformed boys in both assessments. Although gender differences in self-regulation were clear, no significant gender differences were found on the 5 academic achievement …

Exploring Teachers' Beliefs About Teaching Knowledge: Where Does It Come From? Does It Change?, Michelle M. Buehl, Helenrose Fives

Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works

The authors analyzed the open-ended responses of preservice (n = 53) and practicing (n = 57) teachers in terms of themes related to beliefs regarding the source and stability of teaching knowledge. Findings indicate that participants hold a range of beliefs regarding these constructs. Six themes related to the source of teaching knowledge emerged: formal education, formalized bodies of knowledge, observational learning, collaboration with others, enactive experiences, and self-reflection. For beliefs about the stability of teaching knowledge, individuals expressed beliefs about the amount, direction, and quality of knowledge change with regard to various aspects of knowledge (e.g., content knowledge, use …

Why Economic Performance Has Differed Between Brazil And China? A Comparative Analysis Of Brazilian And Chinese Macroeconomic Policy, Fernando Ferrari-Filho, Anthony Petros Spanakos

Department of Political Science and Law Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This paper addresses a specific question: why has China grown so rapidly and Brazil not? To answer this question, it (i) establishes the basis for comparison between China and Brazil by contextualizing these countries within the BRICs concept, and (ii) presents a comparative analysis of Brazilian and Chinese reforms focusing only on the issue of macroeconomic policy, especially the monetary and exchange rate regimes, and its effect on growth.

Measuring Argumentative Reasoning: What's Behind The Numbers?, Alina Reznitskaya, Li Jen Kuo, Monica Glina, Richard C. Anderson

Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works

The aim of this paper is to develop a more thorough, empirically-based understanding of the differences in measurement of written argumentation when alternative scoring frameworks are employed. Reflective compositions of 127 elementary school children were analyzed using analytic and holistic scales. The scales were derived from Argument Schema Theory, an explicit model of argumentation development. We investigated the relationships among the different scales, as well as their relative reliability and efficiency. The scores derived using analytic and holistic methods have adequate reliability. Although less efficient, analytic scoring allows for gathering more sensitive and detailed information about the differences in student …

Detecting, Preventing, And Treating Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Adolescent Arrestees: An Unmet Public Health Need, Christopher Salvatore, Steven Belenko, Richard Dembo, Matthew Rollie, Kristina Childs

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Studies of detained and incarcerated adolescent offenders in the United States indicate that these juveniles have an elevated risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, many more arrestees enter the “front end” of the juvenile justice system that is detained or incarcerated, and research into the STD risk profiles and service needs of this larger group is lacking. An expansion of STD testing (including of asymptomatic youths), prevention, and treatment is needed, as is improved knowledge about gender- and race-specific services. A pilot program in Florida has shown that juvenile justice and public health systems can collaborate to implement STD …

A Structured Observation Of Behavioral Self-Regulation And Its Contribution To Kindergarten Outcomes, Claire Cameron Ponitz, Megan M. Mcclelland, Jamaal Matthews, Frederick J. Morrison

Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works

The authors examined a new assessment of behavioral regulation and contributions to achievement and teacher-rated classroom functioning in a sample (N = 343) of kindergarteners from 2 geographical sites in the United States. Behavioral regulation was measured with the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS) task, a structured observation requiring children to perform the opposite of a dominant response to 4 different oral commands. Results revealed considerable variability in HTKS scores. Evidence for construct validity was found in positive correlations with parent ratings of attentional focusing and inhibitory control and teacher ratings of classroom behavioral regulation. Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that higher levels of …

New Mandates And Imperatives In The Revised Aca Code Of Ethics, Harriet L. Glosoff, David M. Kaplan, Michael M. Kocet, R. Rocco Cottone, Judith G. Miranti, Christine Moll, John W. Bloom, Tammy B. Bringaze, Barbara Herlihy, Courtland C. Lee, Vilia M. Tarvydas

Department of Counseling Scholarship and Creative Works

The first major revision of the ACA Code of Ethics in a decade occurred in late 2005, with the updated edition containing important new mandates and imperatives. This article provides interviews with members of the Ethics Revision Task Force that flesh out seminal changes in the revised ACA Code of Ethics in the areas of confidentiality, romantic and sexual interactions, dual relationships, end-of-life care for terminally ill clients, cultural sensitivity, diagnosis, interventions, practice termination, technology, and deceased clients.

Del Margen Al Centro: Comentarios Sobre Precedentes Históricos En Relación Al Acceso E Inclusión En Las Escuelas Públicas De Los Estados Unidos, Jaime Grinberg

Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works

Public schools evolved in the USA during the XIX century under the premise of providing equal opportunity in education to all, regardless of family background, social class, or economic resources. Merit, success and achievement would depend on the individual student and will not depend on any other variables except the pupil’s dedication, hard work, intelligence, and ability to perform. If according to the expectations, the system would fail to provide equal opportunity, resources, and equity in programs, resources, curricula and pedagogy, then the system would be failing the premises and expectations of its creation as well as the ideological signifier …

Collaborative Reasoning: A Dialogic Approach To Group Discussions, Alina Reznitskaya, Li Jen Kuo, Ann Marie Clark, Brian Miller, May Jadallah, Richard C. Anderson, Kim Nguyen-Jahiel

Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works

In this paper, we address the need to develop an empirically-based understanding of the use of dialogue in teaching by discussing theory and research related to a pedagogical approach called collaborative reasoning (CR). CR is an instructional method designed to engage elementary school children in group discussions about controversial issues raised in their readings. CR is grounded in social learning and schema-theoretic views of cognition, which are integrated to form a new model, called argument schema theory (AST). According to AST, students acquire generalizable knowledge of argumentation, or an argument schema, through participating in dialogic discussions with their peers. The …

Just How Stable Are Stable Aesthetic Features? Symmetry, Complexity, And The Jaws Of Massive Familiarization, Pablo Tinio, Helmut Leder

Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works

Using both group- and individual-level analyses, we explored the complex and dynamic effects of basic visual features on aesthetic judgment. Specifically, the mediating influence of familiarization on the combined effects of complexity and symmetry on aesthetic judgment was examined. Experiment 1 showed that symmetry and complexity are indeed powerful determinants of aesthetic judgment. Experiment 2 demonstrated that massive familiarization generated contrast effects for complexity: participants familiarized to simple stimuli subsequently judged complex stimuli more beautiful and participants familiarized to complex stimuli subsequently judged simple stimuli more beautiful. In contrast, moderate familiarization in Experiment 3 did not elicit the above effects. …

Natural Scenes Are Indeed Preferred, But Image Quality Might Have The Last Word, Pablo Tinio, Helmut Leder

Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works

Numerous studies have shown that people prefer natural scenes over human-made scenes. Evolutionarily and neurologically based explanations for this preference have been proposed. This study examined the impact that image quality has on the preference for natural scenes. The authors also explored the influence of image quality on familiarity ratings and on how scenes are classified in a rapid, two-alternative, forced-choice task. Finally, the authors propose a framework for conceptualizing the nature of different image manipulation procedures, and how they influence aesthetic experiences.

Proctored Versus Unproctored Online Exams: Studying The Impact Of Exam Environment On Student Performance, Kimberly Hollister, Mark L. Berenson

Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Increasing numbers of universities are offering courses in online and hybrid formats. One challenge in online assessment is the maintenance of academic integrity. We present a thorough statistical analysis to uncover differences in student performance when online exams are administered in a proctored environment (i.e., in class) versus an unproctored environment (i.e., offsite). Controlling for student grade point average (GPA), no significant differences in mean overall course performance or exam performance between the two groups were found, nor were there any differences in the mean vectors of individual exam scores. The study reveals that the group taking online exams in …

Microblogging On Twitter: Social Networking In Intermediate Italian Classes, Enza Antenos

Department of World Languages and Cultures Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Second language acquisition (SLA) research has explored the significance of computer-mediated communication (CMC) in educational models for second language (L2) pedagogy. Recently, the proliferation of Web 2.0 technologies has become the focus of many teachers and researchers who study the impact of Web 2.0 innovations on L2 teaching and learning. The majority of students enrolled in language courses in postsecondary institutions, too, are “digital natives”—a generation of “‘native speakers’ of the digital language of computers, video games and the Internet”(Prensky, 2001, p. 1)—who desire obtaining information in new ways. Web 2.0 provides the core for an internet experience that is …

Religious Identity And Cultural Diversity: Exploring The Relationships Between Religious Identity, Sexism, Homophobia, And Multicultural Competence, Richard S. Balkin, Lewis Z. Schlosser, Dana Levitt

Department of Counseling Scholarship and Creative Works

In this article, the authors present the results from a national study investigating the relationships between religious identity, sexism, homophobia, and multicultural competence. Participants were 111 randomly sampled counseling professionals and graduate students. The results indicated a relationship between religious identity and various aspects of valuing cultural diversity, including sexism, homophobia, and multicultural competence. Implications of the role of religion and religious identity in counseling are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided.

Teaching General Education Writing: Is There A Place For Literature?, Emily Isaacs

Department of Writing Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

While there is strong support within the field of composition studies for requiring two writing-intensive general education courses, there is, as others have noted (Lindemann 1993; Richardson 2004; Steinberg 1995), little agreement as to what the second course ought to focus on. Scholars have argued for a research-intensive course in students' major area of study (see McLeod et al. 2001), or a focus on digital media (Yancey 2004). These options share the perspective that writing, though often housed in English (literature) departments, is not the exclusive province of English departments and literature faculty. As the discipline of composition and rhetoric …

Volume 19, Nos. 2 & 3

Thinking: The Journal of Philosophy for Children

Bleazby, Jennifer. “Philosophy for Children as a Response to Gender Problems.” 70­78.

Burdick­-Shepherd, Stephanie. “Engaging the Interview Process: An Introduction to the Third Feminist Issue of Thinking.” 2­-4.

­­­­­ ----- “An Interview with Mari­France Daniel.” 12­-13.

­­­­­ ----- “Reading Feminist Desires.” 64-­69.

Cleary, John Patrick. “An Interview with Megan Laverty.” 23-­27.

-----­­­­­ “An Interview with Jana Mohr Lone.” 28­-29.

Jackson, Julia. “An Interview with Wendy Turgeon.” 30-­31.

­­­­­----- “If the Will is Absent.” 79-­86.

Jackson, Jaye Julia. “An Interview with Stella M. Accorinti.” 5­-8.

Lin, Ching­-Ching. “An Interview with Kun Peng.” 21-­22.

Lowry, Patricia. “Exploring Caring.” 32­-41.

Mendonça, Dina.“Let’s Talk …