Education Commons^™

Title Ix On The Hill, Riley Peck

College Honors Program

This thesis seeks to answer the question, “What does Title IX mean at the College of the Holy Cross?” It considers and triangulates the words and experiences of students, faculty members, and Office of Title IX and Equal Opportunity (Office) administrators to gauge the understandings and potential misconceptions of available resources and the College’s culture. Further, it draws upon archival analysis to situate the Office in a broader historical context of the College and also includes an auto-ethnographic component. This thesis concludes with general suggestions for the Office and the College at large to more efficiently combat sexual violence and …

Exploring The Need For Additional Title Ix Education And Training, Maria K. Lamiotte

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative study explores the differences between students, faculty, and staff about the need for additional Title IX education and training at a community college in Southeastern Connecticut from the four-level construct of the Social-Ecological Model of sexual misconduct prevention. This paper analyzed the existing literature on sexual misconduct education and training across higher education institutions, specifically related to community colleges nationwide. The literature was limited, related to community colleges. The data analysis explored the differences between students, faculty, and staff’s gender, sexual orientation, and college status about the need for additional Title IX education and training using archival data …

50 Years Of Title Ix And Women's Athletics At Holy Cross, Archives & Distinctive Collections, Lisa Villa

Exhibits

Two major events in 1972 brought major changes to the College of the Holy Cross: the passing of Title IX and the admission of women as students. This exhibit commmemorates the 50th anniversary of Title IX and continues the celebration of the 50th anniversary of coeducation at Holy Cross by highlighting the founding and growth of women’s athletics at the College.

Investigating Transparency Policy As A Means Of Increasing Sexual Violence Reporting Numbers At Universities, Shaina Isaacsen

Honors Theses

It is well known that sexual violence occurs on college campuses at alarming rates. Despite this, sexual violence remains grossly underreported to universities. In a study investigating why survivors choose to not report sexual violence, only half believed that a university would investigate an assault fairly (Ridolfi-Starr, 2015). This project focuses on investigations of sexual violence conducted by universities, and whether certain adjudication processes can increase overall reporting numbers. Specifically, I focus on different forms of transparency within the sexual violence policy, third-party oversight and outcome publication. By using information collected from Annual Security Reports (ASRs) published by universities, I …

Resident Assistants And Title Ix: Perceptions, Beliefs, And Experiences Impacting Ra Help-Seeking Behavior, Beth Paris

Theses and Dissertations

Resident Assistants (RAs) are student employees on campus with significant responsibility for the safety and success of their peers. While studies are beginning to evaluate the effects of this complex peer leader role on the wellbeing of student staff, there is little discussion about their role in Title IX compliance or how they feel about the resources they are trained to provide to their peers following an incident of prohibited sexual harassment or assault. Tangential references to the impact of sexual violence response on student staff wellness, and evaluations of student perceptions of Title IX policy are frequent in the …

Keep Your Hands To Yourself! How Law Enforcement Intrusion Into Education Records Makes Campus Title Ix Courts Necessary: Why Our System Might Be Better Than Most, Jeremy S. Ribando

Global Business Law Review

Sexual harassment deprives students of equal educational opportunities, and sexual crimes on campus have been and continue to be a serious threat to student safety. Congress established Title IX and the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), in part, to guarantee and safeguard both student records and student safety. However, Title IX and FERPA are difficult doctrines to harmonize, and implementing them present serious challenges for University administrations. This Note explores the University’s responsibility to protect students from sexual crimes and their responsibility to prosecute the perpetrators, while simultaneously protecting student records and student confidentiality. This Note also explores …

Title Ix And Consent Education, Daniel Reischer

COR 101 Slides

This presentation details the lesson design and implementation of a COR 101 lesson around consent and title IX. The goal of the presentation was to create a comfortable atmosphere and have a student led discussion surrounding topics regarding sex, consent, and resources around the campus and community. The presentation demonstrates the mixed success of lesson implementation and takeaways.

Exploring Restorative Justice As An Adaptable Resolution For Gender-Based Misconduct, Jessica D. Naidu

M.A. in Higher Education Leadership: Action Research Projects

Restorative justice, an approach to harm rooted in Indigenous culture, asks three central questions: 1) What is the harm? 2) Who is impacted? 3) How can we repair it? This is a vastly different approach to most criminal justice procedures that instead seek to determine who broke what rule and how they should be punished. Although a modern resurgence of restorative justice has exploded across college campuses, higher education has been slow to adopt the approach for relationship violence and sexual harm. In this study, victim advocates, conduct professionals, and university administrators at the University of San Diego participated in …

Beyond Compliance: Critical Perspectives In Supporting Institutionally Underserved Survivors Of Sexual Violence, William A. Martinez

Masters Theses

Interpersonal and sexual violence on college campuses is rampant. While federal legislation exists to support survivors of interpersonal violence in higher education via the Violence Against Women Act, Title IX, and Clery Act, support specifically for institutionally underserved survivors of interpersonal violence (IUS) tends to be limited in nature. Because of this deficit, institutionally underserved students and survivors of interpersonal violence are often left unsupported by interpersonal violence prevention staff members (IVPSM). Through semi-structured interviews, this critical multisite case study collected information on the perceptions of IVPSM on IUS support and resources, identified gaps in education on how to respond …

Legislative Bill 519: Creating And Lobbying For Original Legislation, Brooklyn Terrill

Honors Theses

This project reflects the process of writing and attempting to pass state legislation, Legislative Bill 519, as a college student. LB 519 is an immunity policy for certain drug and alcohol charges that would be potentially prohibitive to a survivor or witness of sexual assault reporting the crime. The first several sections cover the process of developing and introducing legislation. These sections cover the process of developing the idea for LB 519 and the thought process behind the language and structure of the bill. It then covers the advocacy portion of passing a bill which includes testifying and lobbying for …

Sexual Harassment In The Classroom And The Workplace, Ums Human Resources, University Of Maine Office Of Equal Opportunity

General University of Maine Publications

Sexual harassment includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, including sexual assault and sexual violence. Sexual harassment, including sexual assault, can involve persons of the same or opposite sex. Sexual harassment can include: sexual assault, stalking, deliberate touching, pinching, caressing, attempts to fondle, pressure for dates or sex, and requests for sex in exchange for grades or promotions. There are two types of sexual harassment: quid pro quo and hostile environment.

Eyes Wide Shut: Using Accreditation Regulation To Address The “Pass-The-Harasser” Problem In Higher Education, Susan Saab Fortney, Theresa Morris

Faculty Scholarship

The #MeToo Movement cast a spotlight on sexual harassment in various sectors, including higher education. Studies reveal alarming percentages of students reporting that they have been sexually harassed by faculty and administrators. Despite annually devoting hundreds of millions of dollars to addressing sexual harassment and misconduct, nationwide university officials largely take an ostrich approach when hiring faculty and administrators with little or no scrutiny related to their past misconduct. Critics use the term “pass the harasser” or more pejoratively, “pass the trash” to capture the role that institutions play in allowing individuals to change institutions without the new employer learning …

Resident Assistants And Title Ix: The Hypocrisy Of Compelled Disclosure, Samantha Contrini

Theses and Dissertations

Resident Assistants juggle various roles as student staff members to ensure residents are supported and safe. Yet, RAs are widely considered to be some of the most under-trained and ill-prepared employees on college campuses (Letarte, 2012). At many institutions, RAs are considered Responsible Employees under Title IX which means they are required to report instances of sexual misconduct when they are made aware of them. Often times, this is done against the will of the survivor; a phenomenon referred to as compelled disclosure (Holland et al., 2018). The purpose of this study was to explore the potential harm caused to …

Rape Myth Prevalence Among Resident Assistants At Rowan University, Erin Flynn

Theses and Dissertations

College campuses have become the front lines in the battle to end sexual assaults. One in five college-aged women will experience sexual assault during their time in school (Muehlenhard et al., 2017). This study explores whether mandatory reporters may disregard a report of sexual misconduct due to their belief in rape myths. Rape Myths are defined as any belief that exonerates the perpetrator while placing blame on the victim. This study aims to explore the relationship between rape myths and the largest population of mandatory reporters on campus, Resident Assistants. This study explores the degree of understanding Resident Assistants hold …

A Narrative Inquiry On Experiences Of Title Ix Coordinators In The Southeastern Conference, Laura Bryant

Doctoral Dissertations

There is a lack of understanding about the leadership experiences of Title IX Coordinators in higher education. Title IX Coordinators are not only compliance officers; they are campus leaders, positioned within the university’s organizational structure with the authority to impact their institution around the issue of discrimination on the basis of sex. Currently, there is a lack of scholarly research about the experiences of Title IX Coordinators as they work to create and sustain living, learning, and working environments free from sexual misconduct. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative study is to understand the stories of Title IX Coordinators in …

Deliberate Indifference: An Exploration Of The Student Survivor Activism Group Movement, Shyla Kallhoff

Department of Educational Administration: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

#MeToo. It’s On Us. End Rape on Campus. #BeTheSwede. Dear UNL. These phrases have united people all over the world to use their voices and speak out about sexual violence. In higher education, these statements empower students to make their voices heard, and simultaneously invoke fear in campus administrators who do not want to be held accountable for the mishandling/lack of Title IX cases. Student survivor activism groups, the subject of this study, have formed at universities around the country and often use similar statements to advocate for changes they feel need to happen. Finding no previous research, it is …

Title Ix And The College Employee: A Phenomenological Study, Jessica Jean Necessary

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand employee perceptions of Title IX through participants’ lived experiences at Small Public College. The transcendental phenomenological design for this study was be grounded in the phenomenological approach of Moustakas (1994) as it enables the researcher to investigate the lived experiences of participants related to a central phenomenon. The central research question guiding the study was what are the employee perceptions of Title IX at Small Public College? The study utilized three instruments: interviews, focus group, and document analysis. Fifteen participants were interviewed. Six participants were in the focus group. Data …

The Grizzly, October 15, 2020, Simra Mariam, Gillian Mccomeskey, Sean Mcginley, Layla Halterman, Claude Wolfer, Julia Paiano, Sage Best, Valerie Eichler, Rosalia Murphy, Ava Compagnoni

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

COVID-19 Updates • "Keep the Promise" Campaign • How Ursinus is Handling Flu Vaccines • Meet Ursinus' New Title IX Coordinator • The Ursinus College Chapel Program • Opinion: Sit-Down Dining in Upper Wismer Puts the Campus at Risk; Ursinus' Role in Racial Justice • How the Fitness Center Works Now • Volleyball's New "Norm"

Retitling Title Ix, Matthew F. Marino

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Title IX, a federal education policy put into place in the early 1970s, has been under the microscope for its perceived failure to protect students from sexual misconduct. Since 2011, and especially since 2017, conflict has existed among higher education, the judicial system, and the Department of Education (ED), resulting in little clarity as to proper Title IX response. However, little research exists that attempts to examine court cases for both commonalities and divergence in how higher education institutions respond to Title IX incidents of sexual misconduct and whether those procedures mesh with how the courts view proper Title IX …

Two Approaches To Analyzing Institutions’ Spending Responses To Campus Sexual Assault, Amanda M. Rose

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Despite occupying a growing portion in contemporary U.S. higher education institutions’ annual budgets, empirical research on sexual assault costs is limited. The purpose of this study is to look at whether incidences of sexual violence on campus are associated with increased costs in policies and programs geared toward prevention of these crimes. Informing the analysis is a theoretical framework consisting of the revenue theory of costs and positional arms race theory. This study examines data from both IPEDS and the U.S. Department of Education Crime and Safety website over a ten year period, 2006-2015, for a set of over 2,300 …

“A Chilling Effect For Sexual Assault Survivors”: An Examination Of Campus-Based Advocacy And The Proposals To Title Ix Under The Trump Administration, Hunter J. Beckstrom

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Students attending colleges and universities across the United States are overwhelmingly affected by campus sexual violence. Research finds that between one in four and one in five female students will at some time during their college career experience campus sexual assault (Muehlenhard et al., 2017; Krebs et al., 2016; Cantor et al., 2015; The White House 2014). Although the sexual assault itself is traumatizing, students may also experience psychological responses such as PTSD, depression, anxiety, fear and guilt, mood disorders, and more (Deisinger, 2017). In addition to such responses, students are further impacted by social factors such as victim blaming …

Considering Consent: A Philosophy Of One Word's Impact, Kiley Addis

Philosophy Summer Fellows

When considering the topic of consent in reference to sexual relations, one might view the definition as straightforward. In this project, I demonstrate that no clear, singular definition of consent exists, but rather, focus on compiling differing definitions typically used. The main definitions focused on within the research are that of how the United States legal system defines consent, how higher education institutions define consent within their policies, and how our country defines consent culturally. Using the vast differences in the definitions as the prime example, I demonstrate that no clear, singular definition of consent exists; without a concise definition …

A Case Study: Clery Act Policy And Implementation Strategies, Sara Beverage

CUP Ed.D. Dissertations

The Clery Act was created as a consumer protection law to inform prospective students and their families about the safety of the campuses they consider. The law requires that post–secondary institutions participating in Title IV federal financial assistance programs remain compliant with Clery Act regulations to maintain the ability to offer financial aid funds to students. Noncompliance with the Clery Act can result in disqualification from Title IV programming and damaging institutional fines. These consequences warrant a deeper examination of the law and ways that Clery Act facilitators effectively implement compliance strategies and affect campus safety. This intrinsic case study …

Sexual Assault Campus Climate Surveys: Insights From The First Wave, Kristen M. Budd, Alana Van Gundy, Rose Marie Ward, Glenn W. Muschert

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

One tool to help institutions of higher education (IHEs) to address campus sexual assault is the campus climate survey (CCS); yet little is known about the CCS implementation process. This study used a mixed methods approach to examine the implementation process of CCSs deployed during the 2015/16 academic year at 244 IHEs throughout the United States. Quantitative results indicate CCSs were designed primarily by the Title IX officer and campus administration; assessed victimization rates and knowledge about campus resources; and were voluntary. Qualitative findings generate concerns surrounding generalizability, participation rates, validity of data, and suggestions for improvement for future CCSs.

University Adjudications Of Sexual Assaults: A Lesson To Be Learned From Collective Bargaining Agreements, James Ottavio Castagnera

Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy

At one time, Title IX of the federal Higher Education Act was read only as requiring equal opportunity for female athletes in universities’ varsity sports programs. In 2011 the U.S. Department of Education announced a radically expanded reading of the law to include sexual misconduct. This has resulted in a proliferation of litigation against the universities. Since 2011, more than 150 lawsuits have been filed against colleges and universities involving claims of due-process violations during the course of Title IX investigations and proceedings related to sexual assault allegations. In the two decades preceding that year, only 15 such lawsuits were …

Restorative Justice And Responsive Regulation In Higher Education: The Complex Web Of Campus Sexual Assault Policy In The United States And A Restorative Alternative, David R. Karp Phd

School of Leadership and Education Sciences: Faculty Scholarship

Sexual assault policy on college campuses in the United States is a complex system guided by federal policy, state policy, and local mandates. When students violate sexual misconduct policies, campuses primarily rely on suspensions and expulsions, paralleling the criminal justice system’s reliance on incarceration as a solution based on stigmatization and separation. Since the 1990s, restorative justice has made inroads as an alternative response to student misconduct, but application to sexual misconduct is rare. The Campus PRISM Project (Promoting Restorative Initiatives on Sexual Misconduct) is a network of academics and practitioners exploring a restorative approach within a responsive regulatory framework. …

The Effect Of Training And Institutional Support On Title Ix Coordinators' Responses To Sexual Violence On College Campuses, Mercedes M. Pino

Theses and Dissertations

One out of five women in college are victims of sexual assault. The uptick in cases being brought before the US Department of Education for the mishandling of sexual assault cases on college campuses raises a question about the adequacy of the training and support being received by Title IX Coordinators. This study was designed to determine whether Title IX Coordinators are receiving adequate support and sufficient training necessary to adhere to the federal mandates regarding sexual assault on campus, as well as how the Title IX Coordinators’ years of experience relate to the challenges they face.

Using SurveyMonkey, a …

The Personal Is Still Political: A Feminist Critical Policy Analysis Of The Rollback Of Title Ix, Leslie Duadua Cabingabang

Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Affairs

The rollback of the previous guidance has left college campuses uncertain about the future of Title IX. I hope to disrupt the discourse by using feminist critical analysis of Title IX reform and provide a reframed course of discussion for higher education professionals. The fact that gender-based policies continue to be governed by lawmakers keeps the personal political. I begin with an overview of feminist critical policy analysis and explain why I chose to use it to analyze Title IX guidance. Next, with the intent to expose sexism and other forms of oppression, I use critical feminist thought to (a) …

An Evaluation Of The Criteria Used To Assess Title Ix Responsible Employee Training Programs At Large, Four Year Primarily Residential Institutions, Catherine Hopkins

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this study were to: (a) discover the intended objectives that selected institutions of higher education had for their “responsible employee” training programs and (b) identify what data were collected to determine if the “responsible employee” training programs were meeting those objectives. I surveyed the Title IX Coordinators at 144 primarily residential and highly residential institutions using a 20 question electronic survey. The top four reported training objectives were that the responsible employee learn how to: appropriately respond to a student; understand their legal duty to report; cite the information that students must be informed about; and know …

Ncaa Fbi Probe, Candace N. Means

Student Publications

The article discusses the FBI probe as well as a list of other scandals that have risen from the investigation such as the debate as to whether to pay student athletes, the NCAA's aim to stress academics over athletics, the NCAA's transfer rules, and the one-and-done rule. The article also emphasizes the lack of emphasis on female athletes in the media and unfair treatment in relationship to Title XI.