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Mental Toughness And Athletic Performance: A Meta-Analysis, Dax Mitchell Crum
Mental Toughness And Athletic Performance: A Meta-Analysis, Dax Mitchell Crum
Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs
This investigation employed meta-analysis techniques to examine the relationship between mental toughness and athletic performance. A total of 76 studies were systematically analyzed with 470 correlation coefficients (rxy) calculated to determine the mean effect. Fifty-five subject and study variables (age, gender, sport, psychometric instrument, and theoretical definition, etc.) were coded for each correlation to assess changes in the magnitude according to these key characteristics noted within the literature. Overall, the total average correlation produced a small effect size of rxy =.218. However, the effect size varied significantly depending on the definition, measurement, quality of the investigation, …
Characteristics And Success Of Long-Term Contracts In Major League Baseball, Briton A. Hagan
Characteristics And Success Of Long-Term Contracts In Major League Baseball, Briton A. Hagan
Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs
The current labor market in MLB is extremely lucrative for both players and owners; however, the system is not without its problems. Over the past two decades, owners have become increasingly aggressive when signing elite players. Owners must offer long-term contracts in excess of $100 million to outbid other teams and secure an elite player to be the face of their franchise. Because MLB contracts are guaranteed, owners take a tremendous risk when signing players to a long-term deal. The purpose of the study was to apply a framework for what a “successful” MLB contract is and then measure all …