Education Commons^™

PISA seeks to report outcomes in terms of proficiency scales that are based on scientific theory and that are interpretable in policy terms. There are two further considerations for the development of the scales and levels: 1. PISA must provide a single score for each country for each of the three domains. It is also recognised that multiple scales might be useful for certain purposes, and the development of these has been considered alongside the need for a single scale. 2. The proficiency descriptions must shed light on trends over time. The amount of data available to support the detailed …