Education Commons^™

Grass Tetany, Paul Q. Guyer, Alex Hogg, Gene White

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Grass tetany is a nutritional or metabolic disorder in cattle characterized by low blood magnesium, yet it is not just a simple magnesium deficiency. It is also called grass staggers, wheat pasture poisoning and hypomagnesemia. It primarily affects older cows nursing calves under 8 weeks of age, but may also occur in young or dry cows and growing calves. It happens most frequently when cattle are grazing lush, immature grass, but occasionally occurs when cattle are fed dry forages (winter tetany).

G84-693 Protein Levels For Growing And Finishing Cattle, Rick Stock, Terry L. Mader, Terry Klopfenstein

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the use of nonprotein nitrogen and bypass protein sources to fulfill the protein requirements of growing and finishing steers, heifers and bulls. Protein supplementation can be an expensive feed cost for cattle producers. Through the use of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) and bypass protein sources, however, these costs can be reduced. Bypass protein is the protein that escapes breakdown in the rumen and passes "as is" into the small intestine where it is digested and absorbed. Because NPN sources are usually the most economical sources of supplemental nitrogen, NPN should be used whenever possible. The potential for using …

G84-723 Maximizing The Use Of Farm Strip Plots, John Havlin, Roger Wesley Elmore

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Strip plots are an effective means of comparing soil and crop management practices. Guidelines are given for establishing strip plots and evaluating the results. Farmers, extension and industry personnel, and researchers have a common interest in strip plots set out on farm fields to study various soil and crop management practices. Strip plots or tests are usually designed to compare differences between tillage methods, herbicide treatments, varieties, fertilizer sources or rates, methods of chemical application, and many other crop production inputs. Strip tests established in farmer fields could satisfy wider interests, and conceivably yield more useful information, if the planners …

Ec84-406 Take Cover: A Guide To Selecting Furniture Fabrics, Margaret Boschetti, Stephanie Gill

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

There are two general categories of furniture fabrics: those meant for use as slipcovers, and those for use as upholstery. Slipcovers are designed to fit snugly and yet be removable for cleaning. Upholstery fabrics are generally heavier; they are nailed or stapled directly to the furniture's frame or bonded to the padding. They are not removable.

This publication is for persons considering an investment in upholstered furniture or upholstery fabric. It covers basic information on fabric components and construction to help the reader make a wise purchase.

G84-688 Brown Patch Disease Of Turfgrass (Revised June 1999), John E. Watkins, Robert C. Shearman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the symptoms and disease cycle of brown patch and gives recommendations for its prevention and control through management, including use of fungicides.

Brown patch of turfgrass is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn. All commonly cultivated turfgrasses in Nebraska are affected by this disease, but differences in susceptibility exist within cultivars of the various turfgrass species. Primary hosts are bentgrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and annual bluegrass. Certain species of Rhizoctonia are capable of attacking turfgrass plants from seedling stage to mature plants and are pathogenic over a wide range of environmental conditions. In some literature, …

Heg84-196 Short Cut Tailoring Techniques: Finishing The Hem, Rose Marie Tondl

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides methods for finishing the hems on jackets and coats, with attention to back vents, front facings, and eliminating bulk from the hem.

An inconspicuous hem is a mark of quality construction. A properly finished hem in a tailored garment helps to achieve a professional look and adds the final touch.

G84-737 Soybean Inoculation -- When Is It Necessary?, Roger Wesley Elmore

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses when soybean seed should be inoculated and why, and provides recommendations on inoculant types to use. Soybeans can obtain up to half of their nitrogen needs from the air when nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria are present in the soil. Nitrogen fixation is a result of the symbiotic (beneficial to both) relationship of rhizobia and plants. Establishing rhizobia (inoculation) in a field that has never grown soybeans is needed to insure nitrogen fixation. Reinoculation may be necessary in fields with a past history of soybeans.

G84-735 State And Local Government Budgets In Nebraska, A.L. (Roy) Frederick, Michael Lundeen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The last in a series of nine NebGuides on state funding and sources, this publication discusses state and local subdivision budget preparation and implementation.

All levels of government must plan for the future, making decisions about what services to provide and how to pay for them. This process, called budgeting, is often difficult because "worthy causes" exceed available funds.

According to Nebraska law, both the state government and local government subdivisions must establish annual operating budgets. Moreover, certain procedures must be followed in the development of these budgets. The budgeting process is precisely defined to ensure that citizens have an …

G84-732 Property Taxes In Nebraska (Revised September 1992), A.L. (Roy) Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is one of a series of NebGuides on financing state and local government. This publication describes how property taxes support local government functions.

The property tax is the primary source of revenue for more than 3,000 units of local government in Nebraska, including school districts, counties and municipalities. In 1991, statewide property tax levies totalled $1.257 billion, a sum that approximated the combined revenues from state income and sales taxes.

Heg94-195 Credit: How To Establish, Protect, And Use It, Marilyn K. Sugden

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses how to obtain credit, suggests steps to take if credit is denied, and provides guidelines for managing your credit accounts.

Buy now -- pay later! How many times have you been encouraged to use future income to pay for present needs and wants? Indeed, credit has become a way of life for many American consumers. While abuse of credit has created problems for some, credit itself should not be viewed as a villain. When used properly, credit can be an effective tool to help individuals and families reach financial goals. While credit can be an important part …

G84-702 Root And Soil Analayses For Nematodes In Corn, David S. Wysong, Eric D. Kerr

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how to interpret laboratory results of samples submitted for nematode analysis and discusses ten species that are potentially damaging to corn.

Several kinds of plant parasitic nematodes (small, soil-inhabiting roundworms) are associated with root injury, poor plant color, stunted growth, and reduced grain yields in field corn. Symptoms caused by these pests are often confused with root rot diseases, nutritional deficiencies or climatic stresses. Special laboratory analyses are, therefore, necessary to determine if nematodes are the primary cause of reduced corn performance. Since corn growers may be unfamiliar with nematode diseases, the following discussion of laboratory reports …

G84-701 Septoria Leaf Blotch Of Wheat, John E. Watkins

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the symptoms and disease cycle of this wheat disease, and provides recommendations for its control.

Two species of Septoria fungi infect winter wheat in Nebraska. Septoria tritici and S. avenae f. sp. triticea cause Septoria leaf blotch. This disease is also known as "Septoria tritici blotch," "Septoria leaf spot," "Septoria blotch," "Speckled leaf blotch" or as the "Septoria complex" since both Septoria species may be present in the same fields and on the same plants.

G84-713 Brooding And Rearing The Home Goose Flock, Earl W. Gleaves

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses brooding and rearing small geese flocks, including feeding from starter to growing and finishing on pasture, and slaughter, cleaning and processing procedures.

Goose growers in general have not been caught up in the ultra- efficient feed utilization trends that have developed in other parts of the poultry meat industry. This may be due to of the fact that the geese are good foragers. Understandably, growers have concluded that a considerable saving in prepared feeds can be achieved by rearing the birds on pasture. Even without special foods, the goose is more rapid growing than other domestic species …

G84-738 Management To Minimize Hay Waste, Bruce Anderson, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses harvest factors that affect hay yield and quality as well as ways to reduce losses during harvest, storage, and feeding.

Hay is harvested, stored, and fed under a wide variety of conditions that influence both its yield and feed value. High quality hay is needed by animals that require high nutrient concentrations to reach desired levels of production. These include dairy cows, finishing beef cattle, fattening lambs, and race horses. Excellent hay management is required to produce the hay needed by these livestock. High quality hay is also used as a supplement to lower quality forages, such …

G84-696 Small Grains For Silage Or Hay, Paul Q. Guyer, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using small grains for silage or hay, including handling, storage, feeding, animal performance, and nitrate toxicity potential.

Small grain crops are potentially important sources of high quality forage. Harvesting small grains for hay or silage rather than as grain may mean increased dollar returns per acre. Small grain silage or hay represents more total nutrient production per acre than harvest as grain and, when fed to ruminants, results in increased animal production.

G84-694 New Protein Values For Ingredients Used In Growing Cattle Rations, Rick Stock, Terry L. Mader, Terry Klopfenstein

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide assigns new protein values to feeds and describes two new systems for evaluating supplemental protein sources. Information about protein sources has changed greatly in the last 10 years. Words like "bypass," "escape," or "slowly degraded" have been used to describe some proteins. These terms have the same meaning and refer to a protein source's ability to escape breakdown in the rumen. Ingredient tables usually only list the crude protein content of feeds. Although this has been a useful system, it does not adequately evaluate supplemental protein sources. Digestible protein values have helped describe some forages, but can be …

G84-718 Cannibalism: Cause And Prevention In Poultry, Earl W. Gleaves

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses reasons why cannibalism occurs in poultry, and provides management procedures for preventing it, including three methods of beak trimming.

Chickens, turkeys, pheasants and quail will literally pick each other to death at times. This problem can be very expensive for the producer and can make life for the flock very uncomfortable. Once cannibalism starts, it readily becomes a habit that must be stopped.

For our purposes, cannibalism includes feather pulling, toe pecking and head, wing, and tail picking. Prevention is much easier for man and bird than is treatment.

G84-714 Estimating Ag Lime Quality, Delno Knudson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses how to calculate lime quality based on material purity and fineness and how this relates to application rates and recommendations.

The effectiveness of a liming material for correcting soil acidity depends on two factors — purity and fineness. These two factors, along with water content, must be considered in determining how much lime to apply per acre.

Heg84-197 Short Cut Tailoring Techniques: Shoulder Shapes, Rose Marie Tondl

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides instructions on how to make and attach shoulder shapes and sleeve heads to give jackets and coats a smooth, professional look.

Padding or shaping through the shoulder area gives a smooth appearance to a jacket or coat. It also helps to fill out the hollow just beneath the front shoulder and is useful to disguise such figure faults as round, thin, narrow or sloping shoulders. If one shoulder is higher than the other, one shoulder can be padded more than the other so that the garment shoulder lines are the same when the garment is worn. Making …

G85-710 Livestock Market Terms, Part Iii, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The third in a series of three, this NebGuide discusses livestock grading terms for both live animals and carcasses.

Livestock producers and feeders, and others involved with agriculture are exposed daily to market news articles and broadcasts.

Most people understand the terms used in the market news broadcasts and stories. Complete definitions of terms in the livestock marketing area are provided to eliminate any misunderstanding of a market news broadcast or article.

G84-708 Livestock Market Terms, Part I, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The first of a series of three, this NebGuide defines and categorizes general livestock and dressed meat terms, and different market types and marketing systems.

Livestock producers and feeders, lenders, owners of agribusiness firms and many others involved with agriculture listen to livestock market news broadcasts almost every hour of every weekday. The market information helps them make daily marketing buy-and-sell decisions.

Recent surveys indicate that accurate market news information, with commodity price reporting, ranked first in livestock marketing data needs priority with livestock producers, growers and finishers. The volatility of livestock prices, as influenced by local, national and international …

G84-734 State Income Taxes In Nebraska (Revised March 1992), A.L. (Roy) Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is one of a series of NebGuides on financing state and local government. This publication describes how income taxes support state government functions.

State government in Nebraska has levied a tax on income since 1968. This tax applies to income earned by individuals, fiduciaries (trusts and estates) and corporations.

Prior to 1987, Nebraska's income tax for individuals and fiduciaries was based on a percentage of federal income tax liability.

G84-729 Financing Roads, Streets And Highways In Nebraska (Revised August 1992), A.L. (Roy) Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is one of a series of NebGuides on financing state and local government. This publication focuses on roads, streets and highways.

Roads, streets and highways are among the most important "public goods" provided by government. Public goods are items whose availability can't be limited to those who specifically pay for them. In the case of roads, collective support for an adequate surface transportation system is long-standing, extending from the rutted trails of colonial America to the interstate highways of today.

G84-727 Financing State And Local Government In Nebraska -- An Overview (Revised March 1992), A.L. (Roy) Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is one of a series of NebGuides on financing state and local government. This publication provides an overview of key trends and issues.

Government's primary purpose is to provide public services. In the United States these services are provided by federal, state and local units of government. Sometimes one entity has full responsibility for providing for a common need, as the federal government does for national defense. Often, however, responsibilities are shared, as in public education.

A wide array of public services are provided because citizens have asked for them. Sometimes it is a minority of citizens who have …

G84-690 Estimating Soil Moisture By Appearance And Feel, Norman L. Klocke, Paul E. Fischbach

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides a guide to determining how much mositure is in different soil textures, and where it is located in the soil profile.

Evaluating soil moisture is one of an irrigator's most important management tools. Determining the status of the soil moisture reservoir guides the decision of not only how much to irrigate, but also when to irrigate. The "appearance and feel" method of monitoring soil moisture using a soil probe is still a valid procedure no matter how sophisticated the irrigation scheduling system. A measurement of soil moisture is essential to update knowledge of the need for and …

Heg84-193 "Fighting Fair" In Marriage, Herbert G. Lingren

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide presents steps to follow to recognize and resolve marital conflicts through negotiation and finding mutually agreeable alternatives.

Do you ever use extreme or irrational tactics to gain your point (slamming doors, stomping around)?

Do you sometimes hurt your spouse in order to have the last word (sarcasm, name-calling)?

Do you store up grudges and use them to "hit" your partner over the head at a later time (revenge)?

Is your attitude "If I don't get what I want, I will quit cooperating?"

Do you continually expect others to do things the "right way" (your way)?

If you answered …

G84-717 Fleas And Their Management (Revised January 1993), Shripat T. Kamble, David L. Keith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides information on flea biology and how to solve flea problems.

Fleas are among the most annoying pests known to humans. In ancient times, fleas were even indicted, found guilty and sentenced to condemnation. Today, the verdict remains the same.

In Nebraska, fleas are common household pests attacking dogs, cats and sometimes people. In addition to these, several other flea species occur in Nebraska, feeding principally on rodents and occasionally on poultry and livestock. The information provided in this publication will focus primarily on cat and dog fleas, as they are the most commonly encountered species.

G84-730 Financing Social Services In Nebraska (Revised December 1992), A.L. (Roy) Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is one of a series of NebGuides on financing state and local government. This publication focuses on social services.

Social services programs in Nebraska provide public assistance to individuals who, for reasons beyond their control, are unable to support themselves. Public assistance programs are of two broad types. The first type provides cash assistance directly to those who qualify. All other programs involve payments to vendors (providers) who, in turn, provide needed services.

Ec84-1510 Insect Control Guide For Beef Cattle In Nebraska, John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This extension circular contains information on: precautions; insecticide formulations; and insecticide application methods (sprays, pour-ons, spot-ons, self-treatment devices, feed additives, dips, and injections). It contains a table on insecticides and the pests they target such as cattle grub, cattle lice, face fly, horn fly, mosquitoes, and stable fly. It also contains information in a table on the insecticides registered for use on beef cattle which covers the insecticide, percent active ingredient, method of application, dosage and the restrictions.

Ec84-1757 Who's Who In Great Plains Songbirds, Ron J. Johnson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Habitat is where wildlife live. It contains all things needed for survival, such as shelter, food, water, and space. There are different types of habitat, each supporting different kinds of wildlife. Examples of habitat types include woodlands or areas with trees, grasslands, old fields, brushy areas, or wetlands.

This publication describes several favorite birds and includes information on their special habitat needs, unique characteristics, nesting sites, where they are found, and their habits or behavior. If you want to help the feathered wildlife described in this publication - or just about any wildlife for that matter - think habitat. You …