Business Commons^™

From Peasants To Farmers: Peasant Differentiation, Labor Regimes, And Land-Rights Institutions In China's Agrarian Transition, Q. Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The development of factor markets has opened Chinese agriculture for the penetration of capitalism. This new round of rural transformation—China’s agrarian transition— raises the agrarian question in the Chinese context. This study investigates how capitalist forms and relations of production transform agricultural production and the peasantry class in rural China. The authors identify six forms of nonpeasant agricultural production, compare the labor regimes and direct producers’ socioeconomic statuses across these forms, and evaluate the role of China’s land-rights institution in shaping these forms. The empirical investigation presents three main findings: (1) Peasant differentiation : capitalist forms of agricultural production differentiate …

Chinese Economic Activities In Sub Saharan Africa: A Substitute For Europe?, Ineke Keers, Bartjan J. W. Pennink Dr.

The South East Asian Journal of Management

This paper aims to investigate if the Chinese economic ties with Sub Saharan Africa serve as a substitute for this existing European-African relationship. Three types of economic activities are studied to determine a possible substitution effect: 1) trade (imports and exports) 2) foreign direct investment (FDI) flows; and 3) development aid from China and the European Union towards six African countries. Because natural resources, especially oil, appear to be a driver for Sino-African trade this study focuses on oil-importing and oil-exporting African countries. The group of oil-importing African countries is formed by South Africa, Ghana, and Kenya. The oil-producing countries …

Social Cohesion And Islamic Radicalization: Implications From The Uighur Insurgency, Tong Zhao

Journal of Strategic Security

This article starts with a critical review of the current literature on the Islamic radicalization and Uighur insurgency in Xinjiang, pointing out that existing literature focuses too narrowly on certain aspects of the Uighur insurgency, and is insufficient to explain the causal mechanism of the insurgency and Islamic radicalization. Built upon historical evidence, this article uses sociological analysis to explore the structural changes in the Uighur community over the past decades, and demonstrates the importance and effectiveness of social cohesion theory in identifying the key causal variables which underlie and determine the course of Uighur insurgency and Islamic radicalization. The …

China's Innovation Landscape, Kenneth G. Huang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The People's Republic of China has experienced three decades of sustained, strong annual economic growth as it transitions from a centrally planned economy to a free market. Currently the world's second largest economy, China recognizes scientific and technological innovation as an increasingly important strategy to fuel the next phase of its productivity growth. However, the drivers and trajectories of China's scientific and technological growth remain under-investigated. To understand elements of China's innovative activities, particularly in science and technology, an analysis of comprehensive patent data provided by the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) of China is presented here.

Fdi Technology Spillovers Within And Across Industries: Evidence From China, Xiaowen Tian, Shuanglin Lin

Xiaowen Tian

Using panel data of 11324 firms in China from 1996 to 1999, the study finds that FDI tends to generate positive technology spillovers to domestic firms within the same industry, but adversely affect productivity of domestic firms in other industries. It is also found that both the positive and the adverse effects are more significant at the local than the national level. Evidence from China thus suggests that FDI technology spillovers are in favor of domestic firms within the same industry rather than domestic firms in other industries, and are most likely to affect domestic firms within the same locality. …

Law For Foreign Business And Investment In China, Vai Lo, Xiaowen Tian

Xiaowen Tian

In trying to establish a presence in China, foreign investors have found it imperative to understand the regulatory environment of this potentially huge market. This book provides an up-to-date overview of the legal framework for doing business in China. It covers such topics as state structure; legislative amendments and enactments on direct foreign investment; the court system; the legal profession; business entities; foreign investment enterprises; contracts; intellectual property; labor and employment; consumer protection; taxation; securities; and dispute resolution.Apart from explaining legal principles, the book highlights liberalisation measures that China has undertaken to fulfil its WTO commitments; elucidates complicated legal concepts …

Forming A Right Recognition On The Cultural Divergence And Conflict By Taking Japanese-Invested Companies In China As The Example, Yan Liang

Yan LIANG

It is widely accepted that each culture is unique and should be admired as long as it has existed and developed for a long time, however, it seems not so easy to let one person especially one adult man with obtained comparatively mature view towards the life and the world admit accept and finally like one totally strange culture on the other end of the earth, let alone working with the colleagues with the strange culture.

Managing Fdi Technology Spillovers: A Challenge To Tncs In Emerging Markets, Xiaowen Tian

Xiaowen Tian

Prior studies on foreign direct investment (FDI) technology spillovers have offered little guidance to transnational corporations (TNCs) on how to protect and exploit technology across borders. The present paper argues that TNCs can manage technology spillovers through selection of entry modes, selection of technologies, and selection of investment priorities in the affiliates they establish in foreign markets. A number of hypotheses are derived from theoretical analyses and are tested against firm-level data from China. The findings of the paper have significant implications for TNCs that face fierce competition from local firms in emerging markets.

Assessing The Export Competitiveness Of Chinese Industries, Marc Fetscherin, Ilan Alon, James P. Johnson

Faculty Publications

This article presents a framework for measuring, illustrating and comparing industry export competitiveness that takes into account (i) industry specialization, (ii) industry export growth rate and (iii) relative industry size. We apply the framework to a data set of 97 different industries from China over a 5-year period (2001–2005). According to our results, over 70 per cent of Chinese industries are ‘dynamic’, meaning that their export growth is higher than the world average export growth. Almost 50 per cent of the Chinese industries examined are competitive in global markets, with 20–25 per cent of the world export market share in …

A Forward-Looking Commentary: China's Agricultural Development, Priya A. Roy

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

This paper describes China's agricultural development before the reform period from institutional, economic, and ideological perspectives; the reform period; the 11th 5-year plan; and the current situation. The paper gives two case examples of the Soviet Union and India. Finally, the paper ends with a discussion of what this means for China.

Nuevamente Europa.... Y China, Wenceslao Gimenez Bonet

Wenceslao Gimenez Bonet

El escenario monetario internacional está sumido en la penumbra y en la duda. Por un lado, Europa no sale de la crisis de algún país en particular y, por otro, EE.UU. y China presentan síntomas poco claros.

30 Years Of Foreign Direct Investment To China: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review, Marc Fetscherin, Hinrich Voss, Philippe Gugler

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to examine how scholarly research on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to the People’s Republic of China has evolved and been shaped using bibliometrics analysis of 422 journal articles published in 151 journals between 1979 and 2008 on that topic. The literature is dominated by the fields of Economics, followed by Business and Management, Planning and Development and International Relations, which together account for 95% of all publications. Ten percent of the most productive journals are responsible for 40% of all publications and 63% of all citations received. By means of citation mapping, four main …

Understanding China’S Retail Market, Sheng Lu

Sheng Lu

China’s growing retail market offers a range of opportunities for foreign investors, but some sectors are easier to access than others.

Ua37/29 Gary Ransdell - Fed. Reserve Board - Ben Bernanke, Joint Economic Committee, St. Louis Federal Reserve Board

Faculty/Staff Personal Papers

Question and answers from Ben Bernanke's appearance before the Joint Economic Committee as distributed to members of the St. Louis Federal Reserve Board.

Three Essays On Cross-Listing, Liu Wang

Theses and Dissertations in Business Administration

This dissertation examines the role of cross-listing in shaping corporate earnings quality, stock price informativeness, and firm valuation, as well as its impact on a listing firm's home country information asymmetry and stock misvaluation.

The first essay addresses the information asymmetry between Chinese local A-share and foreign B-share markets and its impact on the B-share discount puzzle. In contrast with the widespread belief that domestic investors are better informed than foreign investors, this study indicates that foreign investors actually possess more value-relevant, firm-specific information in an emerging market such as China, where information transparency and investor protection are relatively weak. …

Globalization And Management, Mike Lewis

Mike Lewis D.Mgt.

The reach of markets and business expanded across the globe more than half a millennium ago when Europeans conquered the seas. Since that time, communication and information technologies have reduced to span of the globe to the speed of electrons so that buyers and sellers can exchange in one second or less. Technology combined with favorable politics and exploding world populations ushered in the era of globalization. With production and commodity drivers, the globe transformed into a shopping cart for profits, power, and people (resources). Uncontrolled and unbalanced outcomes benefited some while harming others, leading to eventual backlashes and failed …

Ohs In China-Work In Progress, Rowan Cahill, Di Kelly

Rowan Cahill

This article explores the barriers and challenges to effective implementation of occupational health and safety regulation (OHS), and occupational exposure limits (OELs) in China in order to identify the lessons for social science scholars and activists. It finds that formal labour legislation, including occupational health and safety legislation is relatively extensive, but rarely effectively realised. This has partly been because of the pace of political and economic transformation in China. As a result, the soft infrastructure of skills and knowledge necessary for an active, effective and genuinely protective OHS system are inchoate, and often, as OHS awareness has grown, firms' …

China And Brazil: Potential Allies Or Just Brics In The Wall?, Anthony Petros Spanakos

Department of Political Science and Law Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Brazil is an increasingly important actor in global governance and for China specifically. Sino-Brazilian relations have deepened considerably but they remain concentrated in areas of trade and investment. There is also considerable overlap in interests between the two countries in other areas, such as diplomatic and political relations. At the same time, China must manage carefully important differences that exist over the enlargement of the UN and the potential challenge to the Brazilian industry.

Ultimate Ownership Structure And Corporate Disclosure Quality: Evidence From China, Guoping Liu, Jerry Sun

Odette School of Business Publications

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the type of ultimate controllers (i.e. private vs state) affects corporate disclosure quality and whether the relationship between the type of ultimate controllers and corporate disclosure quality is moderated by the separation of ownership and control. This study employs the data of 405 Chinese listed firms in 2005. Annual reports were reviewed to collect the data including the type of ultimate owners, cash-flow rights, and control rights; and the ratings of corporate disclosure quality were obtained from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange website. Ordered logistic regression tested the hypotheses. It was found …

A Study Of Satisfaction Level Of Hong Kong Tourists With Hot Springs Hotels And Resorts In Guangdong, China, Rob Law, Ruby Yip

Hospitality Review

The research reported here aimed at examining Hong Kong tourists’ level of satisfaction with hot springs hotels and resorts in Guangdong, China. Primary data were collected and service quality and tourist satisfaction levels were measured using the SERVQUAL model. The empirical findings indicate that most tourists are satisfied with the service quality of these hotels and resorts. Among the different dimensions of service quality, empathy receives the highest score. Overall satisfaction receives a score only slightly better than average. The results also reveal significant relationships among customer satisfaction level, loyalty, and recommendation.

The Effects Of The Country Of Brand And The Country Of Manufacturing Of Automobiles: An Experimental Study Of Consumers' Brand Personality Perceptions, Marc Fetscherin, Mark Toncar

Faculty Publications

Purpose: This paper offers a new perspective of country of origin effects on consumers’ brand personality perceptions of domestic and imported automobiles. It assesses the perceived similarities and differences between automobiles from two countries with respect to the country of origin of the brand (COB) and the country of manufacturing (COM) of that same brand.

Design/methodology/approach: An experimental design was used to investigate developed country consumers’ brand personality perceptions of three cars; a domestic car, a car manufactured in a developing country by a developing country manufacturer, and a car from developing country manufacturer that is manufactured in the developed …

Tao Of Downfall: The Failures Of High-Profile Entrepreneurs In The Chinese Economic Reform, Wenxian Zhang, Ilan Alon

Faculty Publications

Through historical reviews and case studies, this research seeks to understand why some initially successful entrepreneurs failed in the economic boom of past decades. Among various factors contributed to their downfalls are a unique political and business environment, fragile financial systems, traditional cultural influences and personal characteristics. Notwithstanding that these factors should be further tested through empirical studies, those high-profile entrepreneurs are oblivious but essential actors in the grand theatre of China's economic transformation and their failures have contributed to the swift development of the Chinese entrepreneurship over the last 30 years.

Dimensionality Of Business Ethics In China, Marc Sardy, J. Mark Munoz, James Jianmin Sun, Ilan Alon

Faculty Publications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the ethical dimensions in China. It reviews the extant business ethics literature on China, collects data on ethical conduct from a large Chinese university, and analyzes the data to examine emerging trends. Design/methodology/approach – Factor analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS) are applied to an established survey instrument after reliability is confirmed. Findings – Principal-components factor analysis uncovers six main factors. MDS further reduces the explanatory variables into four ethical dimensions, while increasing the number of useable observations. These four dimensions are then correlated with some demographic and psychographic variables. Results …

Usage Of Public Corporate Communications Of Social Responsibility Within Brazil, Russia, India And China (Bric), Ilan Alon, Christopher Lattemann, Marc Fetscherin, Shaomin Li, Anna-Maria Schneider

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to analyze the status of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) communications in BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). The four countries are among the biggest emerging markets, forecasted to have increasing influence in economic and political spheres. How these countries manage their corporate communication in regards to CSR is, thus, the focus of our investigation. Design/methodology/approach: This paper compares the extent and content of corporate communication with respect to CSR from a sample of over 100 companies from the BRIC nations by investigating the nature of CSR motives, processes, and stakeholder. Findings: The …

The Role And Importance Of The Chinese Government For Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investments, Marc Fetscherin, Philippe Gugler

Faculty Publications

Chinese outward direct investments show a strong positive trend over recent years and have attracted considerable attention from academia and the business press. Many observers and commentators express interest in the role the Chinese government plays in the activities and decision-making of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) in connection with their foreign direct investments (FDI). This article makes a contribution by investigating the relationship between the Chinese government and MNEs in connection with their outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). We present a 2x2 matrix where one dimension includes the interest (high/low) of the Chinese government and the other the interest of …

The Ownership And Ownership Concentration? The Impact On The Performance Of China's Firms, Shiguang Ma, Tony Naughton, Gary G. Tian

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

This paper investigates the impact of ownership and ownership concentration on the performance of China's listed firms. By recognizing the differences between ownership and ownership concentration, and between total ownership concentration and tradable ownership concentration, we find that ownership concentration is more powerful than any category of ownership in determining firm performance and that it has approximately positive linear relations with firm value. The tradable ownership concentration has a more significant and positive influence on firm performance than total ownership concentration. The highest level of firm performance is approached when a firm is characterized with both total ownership concentration and …

Disproportional Ownership Structure And Pay-Performance Relationship: Evidence From China's Listed Firms, Jerry Cao, Xiaofei Pan, Gary G. Tian

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper examines the impact of disproportional ownership structure on the pay-performance relationship in China’s listed firms. We find that the cash flow rights of the ultimate controlling shareholder have a positive effect on this relationship while a divergence between the control rights and cash flow rights has a significantly negative effect. By dividing our sample into state owned enterprises (SOE), state assets management bureaus (SAMB), and privately controlled firms, we find that cash flow rights in SOE controlled firms have a significant impact on accounting based pay performance and cash flow rights in privately controlled firms also affect the …

How Does The Separation Of Ownership And Control Affect Corporate Performance: The Impact Of Earnings Management In China, Yuqing Zhu, Gary G. Tian, Shan Zhao

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper examines the impact of disproportional ownership on true firm performance when firm performance is adjusted for the effect of earnings management. Results from regression analysis indicate that the separation between control and cash flow rights of family/or individual-controlled listed firms in China decreases firm performance when firm performance is adjusted for the effect of earnings management than when firm performance is measured as reported performance. The results also show that separation is significantly positively related with true firm performance in firms with low cash flow rights concentration. The main disproportional ownership mechanism, pyramidal structures is also investigated in …

Cross-Cultural Customer Satisfaction Of High Technology Companies In China, India, And Japan, William H. Bleuel, Darrol J. Stanley

GSBM Faculty Scholarship

Customer satisfaction has become a very important aspect of business management in the high technology market. Companies that provide products and services world-wide often are concerned that customer satisfaction may be impacted by cultural differences. This study examines measures of customer satisfaction in China, India and Japan to determine whether or not there is a difference in satisfaction scores for field service, depot repair and help desk. The statistical results at a 5% confidence level indicate there is a difference in customer perception in all service support areas. The results clearly indicate that companies need to understand these differences in …

Fair Value Accounting In China: Neoliberalisation And Accounting Change, Ying Zhang, Jane L. Andrew, Kathleen M. Rudkin

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper explores the tension between neoliberal theory and practice by using China as an example. This paper investigates the implementation of Fair Value Accounting (FVA) in China and argues that market share prices are not ‘fair values’ of companies’ financial position as theories of FVA assume, rather, they project only the distorted share price movements caused by the strong intervention of the Chinese government with its multiple and often competing agendas. By positioning this regional event in a broad neoliberal context, this paper argues that the accounting term ‘fair value’ is imbued with assumptions about the state and the …