Business Commons^™

Estimating The Effect Of Poker Room Promotions On Player Traffic, Michael T. Paz, Mikhail M. Sher, B D. Mccullough, Shabnam Zarin

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

This paper examines the impact of poker room promotions on player traffic in casino-based poker rooms. Casinos regularly spend significant portions of their marketing budget on promotions, including free-play, item-based offers, complementary hotel rooms, and travel reimbursements (among others), in an effort to drive casino traffic. Poker room promotions, by contrast, are unique within the context of casino promotions because they are both player-funded and paid in cash. Despite these significant differences between poker room and other casino promotions, prior research has not provided empirical evidence on the effectiveness of poker room promotions. Using collected data on casino-based poker games …

Increasing Investment In Stem Education For Females: Policy Considerations, Becky Harris, Andrea Dassopoulos, Daniel Sahl, Anna Starostina

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

During this difficult economic time, as policy makers decide how to use their limited resources to help prepare the rising generation for the demands of an ever-changing workforce, aligning K-12 educational priorities with higher education and economic development can help maximize public dollar investments in STEM education, particularly when females are given access to STEM and STEM-related education and programs. Smart public policy initiatives can help increase the representation of women in the technology, research and development, and innovation departments.

The purpose of this article is to provide policy recommendations that could help increase gender diversity and participation in STEM …

Where Women Stand In Tribal Vs. Non-Tribal Gaming Leadership, Toni Repetti, Shekinah L. Hoffman

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Tribal casinos operate for the economic development and self-sufficiency of their members so additional profit generated directly benefits their communities. Gender diversity has been shown to increase firm performance across different types of business so if tribal casinos have gender diversity in management they may be able to increase their profits. This study evaluates casino management positions in 405 tribal and 567 non-tribal casinos in the United States. Results indicate that women in tribal gaming only make up 37.8% of all management positions and while they represent about half of managers, the percentage decreases as the position increases. When compared …

Value Relevance Of Financial And Non-Financial Information: Evidence From The Gaming Industry, Lisa Goh, Kevin Ck Lam, Hong Weng Lawrence Lei

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Using financial and non-financial data from casino gaming firms listed in the United States from 1999–2017, we explore two research questions: (1) Is financial information value relevant to financial markets in the casino gaming industry? (2) Does non-financial information have incremental explanatory power over financial information? In general, we find that accounting numbers can explain a firm’s market value and stock returns in the casino gaming industry, except for accounting accruals, which may behave differently compared to other industries. We also find that non-financial information, such as the number of table games, number of slot machines, and their relative proportion, …

Book Review: The Strip. Las Vegas And The Architecture Of The American Dream., Marta Soligo

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Book Review: The Strip. Las Vegas and the Architecture of the American Dream

Glass Ceilings & Leaky Pipelines: Gender Disparity In The Casino Industry, Toni Repetti, Shekinah L. Hoffman

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

While women account for over half the hospitality workforce there is a gap in leadership positions. This study evaluates 10,950 management positions in 972 United States commercial and Native American casinos, as of December 2016. The results show women hold 35.5% of manager and above positions. Women lead in departments such as human resources, public relations, and sales and events, but lag in casino operations management. This demonstrates horizontal occupational segregation. The results also indicate women represent 46.7% of managers, but significantly less of executive leadership. Women held only 19.4% of owner, president, and chief positions. This suggests vertical occupational …

Are Canadian First Nations Casinos Truly ‘A Sure Thing’? Appraising First Nations Casino In Ontario, Saskatchewan, And Alberta, 2006-2010, Yale D. Belanger Dr.

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

To date a dearth of data has made it difficult to evaluate the success of First Nations casinos in Canada. This paper remedies the situation by presenting a three-province overview (Ontario, Saskatchewan and Alberta) of existing First Nations gaming models. The goal is to highlight the exigencies of each provincial gaming model and to develop a better understanding of what works best for First Nations leaders interested in expanding current operations, and for those seeking entry into the gaming market.

Eyes On Casino Gaming In China: Residents' Attitudes Toward Casino Gaming Development In Sanya City, A Pre-Casino Establishment Analysis, Omar Moufakkir, Dallen Timothy

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

While Macau offers world class casinos, casino gaming is not legalized in Mainland China. Current media reports, however, indicate a growing interest by the Chinese government in establishing casinos in the Hainan Province. This study assesses the perceptions of residents about potential gaming development in their community. Resident attitude surveys have been used by planners and policymakers in order to gain local support for tourism projects and initiatives. A series of hypotheses were tested. In particular, the study evaluates the difference in perception between tourism workers and non-tourism workers, residents who live in the city center where the casino development …

Building The First Gaming Master’S Program: An Industry Perspective, Toni Repetti, Soyeon Jung

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

The gaming industry has dramatically expanded not only domestically and internationally, but further to the online market. This growth has caused the industry to be more complicated than ever, and face massive challenges, competition, and opportunity. Consequently, there is a need for more qualified candidates in the gaming industry. Few gaming degrees are offered at a university level and more importantly, there is currently no master’s program in gaming management in the United States. Results of this survey of 201 industry professionals show that the majority would be interested in a master’s in gaming with most preferring an online of …

Trip Characteristics Of Casino And Racino Visitors In A Midwestern State, Sheila A. Scott-Halsell, Radesh Palakurthi, Greg Dunn, Wanlanai Saiprasert

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Gaming is a revenue driver for many areas and can be an economic boost for businesses and tourism entities around gaming venues. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the characteristics profile and expenditures of casino and racino visitors in a Midwestern state as a valuable resource that could be used by those in tourism planning to better determine who is coming into their state for gaming purposes and how they might better attract and accommodate them. Suggestions will be made based on the findings to aid in determining effective marketing methods to attract visitors, as well as …

Applicability Of The Duplication Of Purchase Law To Gaming, Desmond Lam

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

In a bid to explore the use of an empirical-based model to explain regular gaming purchases, this study applies the Duplication of Purchase Law to gaming. Developed from empirical-based marketing theory and observed in many consumer brands, the Duplication of Purchase Law states that the dominant factor of purchase duplication between two brands is their market share. Using data obtained from the U.S. Gambling Impact Study, this study found that the duplication of games played was highly correlated to their penetration rates and hence, market share. In addition, the number of sole gamblers in each game was also related to …

Assessing The Information Needs Of Australian Gaming Managers, Helen Breen

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

There has been an increased need for gaming managers to source and use relevant information to assist them in managing their venues. Gaming managers have been under pressure from governments, the welfare sector, local communities and the media to manage gaming activities in a socially responsible manner. Research into the management of gaming is still in its infancy. This paper reports on a study into the information needs of a selection of gaming managers of clubs, hotels and casinos in two Australian states. This exploratory qualitative research provides in-depth responses from twenty-six gaming managers. These managers report that they want …

Casino Atmospherics From A Customer's Perspective: A Re-Examination, Lesley Johnson, Karl J. Mayer, Elena Champaner

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Considerable research in recent years has examined the influence of physical evidence, or atmosphere, in a variety of service settings, including leisure services. Not fully covered has been the area of atmosphere in a casino gaming setting. This extension of a previous study further investigates atmospherics in casinos. The findings showed that customers defined casino atmosphere in five key elements: theme, floor layout, ceiling height, employee uniforms, and noise level. Three of the five contributed positively to a player's satisfaction with the gaming experience as shown by the regression analysis. This reinforces previous indications of the need for casino management …

Glass Ceiling Or Saran Wrap™? Women In Gaming Management, Wanda M. Costen, Christian E. Hardigree, Michael A. Testagrossa

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

This study explores women's representation in gaming management in the 24 highest gross revenue gaming establishments in America. While almost 54% of foodservice and lodging employees are women, and approximately 44% of the managers in foodservice and lodging are women, one area of hospitality seems to be lagging-gaming. Our data indicated that women held 123 of 496 positions or 24.8% of casino management positions. Almost 68% of these female managers were in non-gaming positions. Our findings appear to support social closure theory since 11 of the 40 women in gaming management positions were in the cage department, and 4 of …

Perceptions Of A Bible Belt State's Proposed Casino Gaming Legislation By Religious Affiliation: The Case Of Kentucky Residents, Desmond O. Brown, Mary G. Roseman, Sunny Ham

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

This study seeks to explore whether differences exist among Kentucky residents' perception of casino gaming based on religious affiliation. A survey was conducted to sample 600 residents regarding currently a widely debated introduction of land-based casinos in the state, yielding a response rate of 38.4%. The results support earlier studies regarding the impact religion has on people's attitudes toward gaming. The findings suggest that Catholics have a more positive attitude toward the legalization of gambling than persons of Protestant faiths.

Using The Critical Incident Technique To Assess Gaming Customer Satisfaction, Lesley Johnson

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Before gaming organizations can initiate efforts to service their customers, they must be able to effectively manage the service encounter. Although every service encounter is not necessarily critical to satisfaction, it is not always obvious which are crucial to the customer and which are not. Using critical incidents reported by gaming customers and employees, this study identifies service encounters that both parties perceive as being very satisfactory or very dissatisfactory from the customer's point of view. Identifying particularly positive and negative customer service experiences can provide direction for management in allocating resources specifically to those areas that maximize customer satisfaction …

The Hospitality Industry's Lmpact On The State Of Nevada: A Summary & Review, Shannon Bybee, Jeremy A. Aguero

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

This article summarizes the economic, fiscal, and social impact findings of The Hospitality Industry's Impact on the State of Nevada, a report issued in November1998 by the International Gaming Institute. This summary includes data on jobs, wages, output, taxes, crime, and other social issues. A brief discussion is included regarding the authors' opinions of the state's dependence on the hospitality industry and gaming taxes, as well as the potential ramifications of this dependence in a changing economic environment.

A Global Market Analysis Of Casino Gaming On The Internet, Lawrence Dandurand

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Technology can provide gaming to any household in the world. The market potential of casino gaming on the Internet is substantial. This article summarizes an analysis of the global Internet casino gaming market. It indicates: (1) the nature of Internet casino gaming; (2) the competitive environment; (3) market opportunities; (4) environmental constraints; (5) marketing strategies; (6) market demand; (7) market potential; and (8) a flexible diffusion of innovation model for forecasting market demand.

New Developments In Gaming Taxation And Regulation: An Update, Susan H. Lvancevich, Bernard N. Fried

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

The gaming industry is facing increased regulatory interest. Congress has authorized a commission to investigate gaming in the United States. The Internal Revenue Service continues to interpret ambiguous areas of the tax code in an attempt to raise gaming tax revenues. Regulatory changes in currency transaction reporting have also resulted in some significant changes for the industry. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on tax and regulatory issues currently facing the gaming industry. Specifically, the paper will address tax and regulatory developments in: (a) tip compliance, (b) cash transaction reporting, (c) complimentaries, (d) employee cafeterias, (e) …

Prospects And Strategies Of Gaming Ventures In China, Zheng Gu

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

This paper analyzes the prospects of gaming ventures in China and discusses the strategies for Western investors. A strong demand for gambling, changing government attitudes, increased wealth and leisure, and a fairly established foundation of tourism have created a favorable climate for gaming ventures in China. The major risks are political instability, policy inconsistency, and inflation. To develop gaming projects in China, Western gaming investors need to choose the right regions and build casinos different from those in Las Vegas. At the current stage, active involvement with a small amount of capital is recommended.

Changes In Gaming And Gaming Participants In The United States, Roy A. Cook, Laura J. Yale

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Public interest and acceptance of casino gaming as a recreational activity has resulted in a proliferation of gaming locations. The spread of gaming locations and the acceptance of gaming as a legitimate leisure activity may be explained from a marketing perspective through diffusion theory. Gaming could see continued revenue growth and participation or, like lotteries, it could face saturation and even decline. To avoid the potential problems associated with maturation, gaming operators may need to review the experiences of state lotteries which have faced and dealt with the problems of maturation and saturation.

Sport Tourists In A Gaming Destination: Predicting Gaming And Non-Gaming Expenditures, Chris Brown, James A. Busser, Seyhmus Baloglu

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Sport tourism is the fastest growing segment of the tourism industry. Although there are a number of benefits to cities as a result of sport tourism, the most desired aspect of hosting contests is economic impact. This study examined the gaming and non-gaming impact of six major sporting events held in Las Vegas over a ten-year period. The results indicate that length of stay is a significant contributor to economic impact and that sport tourism has an important role to play in the economy of Las Vegas.

“Don’T Blow A Bunch Of Cash On Vegas:” An Event Study Analysis Of President Obama’S Public Statements On Las Vegas, Paul Gift, Michael J. Gift

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

In February of 2009 and 2010, President Obama made what some in the media and gaming industries construed as negative public statements regarding trips to Las Vegas. Some claimed these statements could easily be interpreted as a suggestion that companies and individuals avoid casino areas, thus doing additional harm to their surrounding economies during already tough times. In this paper, we use event study methodology to examine stock market reactions of U.S. casino-related businesses to the president’s statements. We find that President Obama’s statements were followed by significant negative abnormal returns in the segment of companies targeted more towards conventions, …