Business Commons^™

Parallel Session: The Mediating Role Of Brand Image Of Health Product Brands On Consumer-Brand Relationships In Social Media, Dilip Mutum, Jing Ning, Ezlika Ghazali

International Conference on Marketing

This paper presents the finding of a study which examines the mediating role of brand image towards the effects of various brand factors influencing consumer-brand relationship, viz., brand experience, brand attribute, endorser effect, brand familiarity, online advertisement and social media engagement. This paper was extracted from a much larger study which examined the relationships in the context of health product brands in Malaysia. The results of this study hold important implications for both practitioners and academics. Marketers need to make efforts to further improve their brand image and communicate it clearly to the consumers. This will lead to better consumer …

Parallel Session: The Influence Of Personal And Product Factors On Gift Purchase Intention, Cheng Siang Liew, Yusniza Kamarul Zaman, Mohd Nor Othman

International Conference on Marketing

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of personal and product factors on gift purchase intention. As this paper seeks to understand the Malaysian consumers’ gift purchasing behaviour, a non-probability quota sampling is being adopted. The quota sampling is based on gender (50 Male- 50 Female) and ethnicity (50 Malay-30 Chinese-20 Indian). This research adopted mall intercepts method in collecting the data, since most of the gifts are often bought in shopping malls. Self-administered questionnaire was utilised and a total 447 questionnaires were used for further analysis. To analyse the data collected for this research Structural equation …

Parallel Session: Tactics To Save Brands From Failure, Kausar Saeed, Syed Fahim, Aisha Siddiqui, Kamran Siddiqui

International Conference on Marketing

The purpose of this study is to present the experts opinion about various tactics used to save brands from permanent failures. The sampling technique used in this survey was judgmental with a sample size of 196 marketing professionals from FMCG, health, pharmaceutical, services and manufacturing sectors based in Karachi. Using Exploratory Factor Analyses tactics are summarized into groups. This paper offers numerous expert opinions about tactics to save brands from permanent failure. Provides valuable analyses for marketing/brand professional and academics.

Parallel Session: Re-Clarification Of Corporate Character Scale (Davies Et Al., 2003) In Upscale Hotels, Dr. Mozard Mohtar, Dr. Norbani Che Ha, Dr. Zalfa Laili Hamzah

International Conference on Marketing

This study examines the robustness of corporate character scale (CCS) in hotel industry in Malaysia via parallel analysis of factor analytic methods. A total of 529 respondents were surveyed for the purpose with Shangri-La and Hilton as sample hotels. Principal Axis Factoring and Principal Component Analysis and LISREL 8.8 were used to analyze the scale. Results show four instead of five factors scale and all factors meet necessary validity and reliability requirements.

Parallel Session: Brand Switching Behaviour Of Muslim Consumers; The Road Not Taken, Munazza Saeed, Ilhaamie Binti Abdual Ghani Azmi

International Conference on Marketing

The purpose of this study is to build an argument in order to investigate the Muslim consumers switching behaviour. Moreover, it also intends to examine the previous literature on brand switching behaviour generally and in relation to the Muslim consumers specifically. This study seeks to expand the body of knowledge in consumer behaviour research with the emphasis on the role of Islam. The benefits that will be yielded from this study will not only provide guidelines to business researchers, but will also enhance the current understanding of Muslim consumers. It studies how the Muslim consumer’s brand switching behaviour is influenced …

Parallel Session: Comparative Study: Effect Of Color On Major Chocolate Brands In Pakistan (Branding And Packaging), Khawaja Saad Sohail, Sarah Khan

International Conference on Marketing

From the moment we open our eyes there is one thing that surrounds us and that is color. Thus color is one of the most important part of human life. Similarly when we talk about marketing we can’t go any futher unless we take into account how this major variable “Color” will impact us.This research aims to study how color effects people in Pakistan. Are there any differences in color choices amoung people based on their age, gender and religion. Does occasion play any part in impacting our color choice. Furthermore this research will also provide evidence about how change …

Parallel Session: Structural Effect Of Psychological Capital On Online Purchase Intention, Muhammad Zahid Maitlo, Dr. Salman Memon, Sumaiya Syed

International Conference on Marketing

The online purchase intention is very crucial in today’s competitive environment where organizations are constrained to use different mediums for selling goods in order to seize a competitive advantage. The online system provides a platform for shoppers to have their demanded products and service according to their needs. However, online purchase intentions are the building blocks of remote purchase pattern without any physical involvement with the product. Most importantly, customers become more comfortable and hopeful of having good products with an optimistic view. The fundamental objective of this study is to determine the structural effect of PsyCap on online purchase …

Parallel Session: Ethics Of Serving The Bottom Of Pyramid Market- A Study In Context Of Indian Food Market, Yukti Sharma, Dr. Reshma Nasreen

International Conference on Marketing

Purpose of study: BOP 1.0 proposition considers BOP market as consumer and a market based approach for alleviating poverty. Free market mechanism fails to inculcate the role of state for protecting the interest of vulnerable consumer. This paper reviews the vulnerabilities of BOP consumers and reality of marketing strategies for engaging this segment. This paper presents, the current legislative framework and suggestive guidelines to be considered while forming a marketing mix for subsistence market. It suggests a theoretical framework for ethical interaction and provides recommendation for marketers and policy makers for formulating and implementing policy at BOP.

Findings – Key …

Parallel Session: Founder Characteristics And Small Firm Performance In Pakistan, Ejaz Mian, Osman Mohamad

International Conference on Marketing

Although there is a large body of research on small firms, there is dearth of studies on small firms in developing countries. Developing countries present new sets of challenges which need new approach. Small firm founders in developing countries often lack marketing and general management knowledge, have low levels of literacy, lack training facilities for various types of skills, and have weak government support and infra-structure. Literature suggests founder characteristics have profound effect on the performance of small firms. This study seeks to investigate role of founder characteristics in performance of small firms in Pakistan. Small firms are defined as …

Parallel Session: Viral Marketing Via The New Media: The Case Of Communication Behavior In Whatsapp, Wan Yu Chong, Yusniza Kamarulzaman

International Conference on Marketing

WhatsApp is the number one smartphone application in Malaysia. With its enormous user base, WhatsApp is a platform with considerable potential for viral marketing, which is a form of electronic word-of-mouth. Past literature indicates that the success of viral marketing greatly depends on a user’s decision to forward viral content, with the user’s intention being the key factor leading up to it. Although different models have been proposed in electronic word-of-mouth viral marketing behaviour, these platforms do not work entirely the same way as WhatsApp, which is a mobile instant messaging application. In addition, the factors affecting the user’s participation …

Parallel Session: The Impact Of Industry Type, Business Age And Size On Proactive And Responsive Customer Orientation (Market Strategy), Corrinne Lee, Norbani Che Ha

International Conference on Marketing

This study investigates on proactive customer orientation and responsive customer orientation among business units operating in the technology, information, communication and entertainment (TICE) industry of Malaysia. The impact of the demographic factors of these business units on proactive and responsive customer orientation is examined. The results revealed that the business unit size has statistically significant impact on the variables of interest. The difference in t he business unit size based number of employees has an influence on both the proactive and responsive constructs. In contrast, the difference in the business unit size based on the amount of annual sales turnover …

Parallel Session: A Study Of Buyers' And Sellers' Perception Of Organic Foods In Pakistan: Towards A More Effective Marketing Mix (Green Field Marketing), Sara Khan

International Conference on Marketing

Issues of food safety, nutritional value as well as environmental and ecological damage as a result of agricultural abuse have acquired global significance. Many people are looking for equitable, less cruel and sustainable answers to these problems. Organic foods / products are one such solution to people's food and agricultural needs. Looking at the viewpoints of both consumers (including prospective consumers) and producers, this research undertakes to study the marketing mix of the organic foods / products market in Pakistan and explores marketing solutions to enhance its development (research objective). Using qualitative interviews and thematic analysis, respondents' answers are coded …

Parallel Session: Trends On Green Consumer Behaviors (Gcb): A Viewpoint From Developed And Developing Countries, Siti Aisyah Asrul

International Conference on Marketing

Green consumers are those who purchase and consume green products and the one who persevere the environment with being green. The effort of these green consumers is with regards to their awareness of how the environment has been savagely polluted and they are working hard to reduce the pollution by saving the environment. They play their role as one of the living mechanism with purchasing and consuming eco-friendly products and even influence their family and peers to be part of it. Green behaviour has been well-developed by the consumers all around the continents, be it from developing country or developed …

Parallel Session: Traces Of Company Strategy For Bottom Of Income Pyramid In Pakistan - A Probing Analysis, Mohammad Ekhlaque Ahmed, Marium Mateen Khan, Mohammad Taha Kalam

International Conference on Marketing

This is an exploratory research making an attempt to probe the awareness of the “Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP)” concept among selected renowned companies in Pakistan. The research focused on what contributions have been made by the selected companies so far and how the marketing strategies for BoP are structurally shaping up in the Pakistani context. A qualitative research methodology has been employed. The data was collected through interviews from senior professionals from different industries, engaged actively in marketing assignments. Industries include Fast Moving Consumer Goods, Banking, Beverage and Telecommunication which contribute sizeable business and their market scope covers both …

Parallel Session: Customer’S Attitude Towards Ramadan Advertising, Farheen Khalid, Muhammad Sufyan Ramish, Junaid Ansari, Dr. Tariq Jalees

International Conference on Marketing

Ramadan is the only religious festival in which marketing & advertising activities are carried for whole month. This provides opportunities & challenges to the marketers along with controversies. This paper will not address the controversies but will measure the effect of Ramadan advertisements on consumer attitude. Three hundred and ninety one (391) students of different universities in Karachi participated in this study. The questionnaire adopted for this study had established reliabilities and validates which were re-ascertained for the present set of data. All the five constructs used in this study had five items all based on seven point Likert scale. …

Parallel Session: What Constitutes The Bottom Of Pyramid Market For Innovation?, Fasiha Subhan, Amira Khattak

International Conference on Marketing

The BOP is a concept of dividing the world into an economic pyramid by keeping the privileged on the top and unprivileged poor at the bottom. Businesses need to adopt innovative ways of doing businesses in a market consisting of billions of underprivileged poor consumers. However, the main question is, does this huge segment have the capability of becoming profitable for companies? This research analyzes the viewpoints of various theorists and organizations about the agreed income level of a typical BOP and in doing so attempts to arrive at an ideal definition of the BOP market for businesses. Further, the …

Parallel Session: Moving Towards Sustainable Consumption: A Study Of Reduce, Reuse And Recycle (3rs) Adoption Among Malaysians, Regina Yan Ginny, Yusniza Kamarulzaman

International Conference on Marketing

Over the last decade, rapid globalization, industrial development, economic growth and technological advancement has resulted in population growth and unprecedented changes to the social and cultural lifestyle in Malaysia. One of the dramatic increase was witnessed in the consumption of goods and services due to the rising household income and progressive consumption-oriented lifestyles. On one hand, it helps to stimulate economic activities, but on the other hand, it poses threat to the diversity and stability of the natural environment in various ways. Hence, the key purpose of this study is to identify the factors that affects Reduce, Reuse and Recycle …

Parallel Sessions (Brand Management): Brand Personality Of Pakistan: Comparison Of Perception – Local Versus Foreign, Manzoor Khalidi

International Conference on Marketing

This paper involves a comparative examination of the country brand personality of Pakistan as perceived by the Pakistanis and that perceived by Non-Pakistanis. The objective is to understand: one, whether there exists a divergence between our self-perception and that of NonPakistanis; two, to understand the difference in perception with reference to the 13 subdimensions of country brand personality noted below; three, to ponder about the possible reasons for the divergence. The scale for measuring country personality was developed by combing four scales that had been developed and used in earlier research publications on brand personality. The scale was based on …

Parallel Sessions (Marketing Paradigm): A Social Marketing Framework For The Development Of Public Awareness Programs - Pakistan’S Perspective, Sarfraz Ali Kiyani

International Conference on Marketing

Marketing has become the key factor in deciding the success and failure of not only the enterprises but also social causes. The impact of such marketing tactic is eventually determined in the behavior of the target group. This paper is designed to discuss the development of public awareness programs to mitigate risks regarding floods and other natural hazards. Such mitigation can be done by two ways i.e. Structural and Non-structural. Undertaking a good plan covers the steps one should take before, during or after a hazard that will not only minimize risks but also lessen the injuries and Protect people‟s …

Parallel Sessions (Marketing Paradigm): Contemporary Legal And Ethical Issues In Marketing In The Pharmaceutical Industry In Pakistan, Mahreen Nazar, Azad Ahmed

International Conference on Marketing

This research paper attempts to explore the contemporary legal and ethical issues prevailing in marketing practices in the pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan. The main focus of this paper is to enumerate legal and ethical issues influence the marketing strategy in pharmaceutical industry and what are different ways for pharmaceutical companies to address those issues effectively. Primary research is the main tool for this research which includes interviews of the practitioners of the industry.In addition to primary research we will also do some secondary research which includes research papers, journals and articles. This research paper would reveal the legal and ethical …

Parallel Sessions (Consumer Behavior & Culture): The Impact Corporate Social Responsibility On Customer Loyalty: Mediating Role Of Customer Satisfaction, Tahir Islam, Muhammad Imtiaz Haider

International Conference on Marketing

This research examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects customer satisfaction and its outcomes customer loyalty. This study develops and tests conceptual framework, which predicts that customer satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between CSR and customer loyalty. This research also takes important steps of understanding the mediation analysis. Convenience sampling was used. All hypothesized variables were supported by empirical study, correlation and regression analysis were used in this regard. Low CSR, actually reduces customer satisfaction levels and, through the lowered satisfaction, harms customer loyalty and customer trust.

Parallel Sessions (Marketing Paradigm): Services Marketing And Crm – Perceptions Of Academicians And Practitioners Based On Common Activities, Salma Rahman, Sarwar Azhar

International Conference on Marketing

Services marketing and CRM have generated a lot of interest within practicing managers as well as academicians. This paper aims to determine the commonalities in the two paradigms from the viewpoint of academicians as well as practitioners as previous studies indicated a gap regarding the importance being given to CRM as a new paradigm on one hand and its unsuccessful implementation status on the other hand. In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, research was carried out in two phases. In phase one systematic review of eight Services Marketing and 9 CRM research papers was carried out in order …

Parallel Sessions (Marketing Paradigm): Entrepreneurship Plus: The Impact Of Spiritual Orientation On Market Orientation And Marketing Capabilities, Muhammad Shahid Qureshi

International Conference on Marketing

This paper suggests that Islamic entrepreneurship or entrepreneurship plus is driven by spiritual orientation and manifests itself in the form of Islamic values and practices leading to a different form of output measure called Hayat Tayyiba (A clean and pure life). The frame work posited in this paper argues that the spiritual orientation is instrumental in transforming the utilitarian, resource grabbing and a fiercely competitive mindset in to a mindset that seeks the pleasure the Almighty, has a belief in more from less (Barakat) and that of cooperation and service. Based on original Islamic literature and contemporary management literature, the …

Parallel Sessions (Consumer Behavior & Culture): Online Shopping Behavior In Pakistan, Arsalan S. Khan, Faisal Ahmed, Hassan Yousuf, Sohaib Ul Hassan, Syed Abbas Zia

International Conference on Marketing

The purpose of this paper is to study the consumer behavior of online shoppers in Pakistan in order to gain insights into their attitudes, preferences, decision-making frame work, and life styles. The target population for this study consisted of the urban consumers who are educated and belong to upper and upper-middle socio-economic classes. Within online shopping, two major categories could be established, namely “Electronics” and “Clothing”. As per our analysis, the experience expected from both the medium is different. For purchasing a commodity offline, the customer would rate the overall shopping experience higher as opposed to convenience. Now we had …

Parallel Sessions (Advertising): Tv Ads Impact On Consumer Purchase Intention, Ahmed Nabeel Siddiqui

International Conference on Marketing

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the influence of different contents of advertisements on the consumer purchase intention in UHT Milk.The research is conducted in five major cities of Pakistan with the sample size of 400 respondents selected by the systematic probability sampling technique and responses were collected with the help of structured questionnaires Result of the study shows that, due to quality features shown in TV advertisements of product, consumer purchase intention can be increased. While it was also found that the entertaining celebrity association, content credibility of product shown in TV advertisements, effective advertisement repetition and …

Parallel Sessions (Brand Management): Customers’ Evaluation Of Brand Extension: An Empirical Study Of Skin Care Products, Amber Thanwarani, Adil Virani, Munir Thanwarani

International Conference on Marketing

Brand extension can dilute the single mindedness and can create confusions in the mind of customers but on the other hand, its success can result in more profits and trustworthiness. Sometimes it is difficult for companies to decide whether to introduce a sub-brand or not. As business is a game of risk, companies try to play it well. At times their decision worth millions of dollars and at times it results in negative cash flows. Different companies have launched number of skin care products under the Parent brand with an aim to capture the larger market share but some of …

Parallel Sessions (Brand Management): Marketing Strategies To Raise Global Economy And Reduce Poverty Through Tourism Development In The Third World Countries- A Case Study Of Sindh, Munir Moosa Sadruddin

International Conference on Marketing

Tourism industry serves as a ray of hope for many developing countries. It is a source of sociocultural exchange, which not only boosts economy, but also improves the living standard of poor people. The research paper attempts to suggest strategies to reduce poverty in the developing countries through adaptation of pro- poor tourism techniques (Wood, 2005; Jamieson et al., 2004; Jamieson, 2003; Ashley et al., 2001). These techniques can also be used to restore the livelihood of people affected by natural calamities. Case study methodology has been used for this particular research. Single case study of Sindh has been taken …

Title: Parallel Sessions (Brand Management): The Challenge Of Creating And Sustaining Consumer Durables’ Brands In The Bop Segment, Nayyara Rahman

International Conference on Marketing

This research was conducted to identify and discuss challenges in creating and sustaining consumer-durables’ (CD) brands for BOP segments. The study encompassed global and local brands, and included existing branding practices for their product offerings. Digressing slightly from the conventional approach, this study focused on female rather than male buyers in the BOP urban segment. The purpose behind this was to highlight the hidden dependence on female primary-skilled workers as a source of domestic income. This dependence and the role it plays in household purchases is often overlooked; often assumed to be immaterial, and often taken to be directed at …

Parallel Sessions (Consumer Behavior): Impact Of Packaging Elements Of Packaged Milk On Consumer Buying Behaviour, Muhammad Amir Adam, Kamran Ali

International Conference on Marketing

This research paper examines the impact of packaging elements on consumer buying behaviour. The motivation for carrying out this study is to know how packaging elements impact on consumers buying behaviour. Packaging has now changed its traditional role of protecting the product to communicate a complete message about the product, to get the consumer attention on retail stores and to provide convenience for consumers to use the product (Rundh, Linking Packaging to Marketing: how packaging is influencing the marketing strategy, 2013). Therefore it is important for firms, marketers and packaging designers to know how packaging influences consumers’ purchase decision. In …

Parallel Sessions (Consumer Behavior): The Pakistani Consumer: Dumb Or Dumber?, Owais Hassan Shaikh

International Conference on Marketing

The Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) has adopted the notion of ordinary consumer for assessing confusion or deception in ‘deceptive marketing practices’ cases under Section 10 of the Competition Act, 2010i . In its first order in this area, the CCP defined ordinary consumer as a person who is ‘the usual, common or foreseeable user or buyer of the product’ (CCPa, p. 30) and differs from the ‘ordinary prudent man’ under contract law. According to the CCP, this conceptualisation of the Pakistani consumer was important for achieving the goal of implementing the Competition Act 2010 in its letter and spirit, …