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- Earnings management (7)
- Corporate social responsibility (4)
- Seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) (4)
- Tax (4)
- Chamberlain (3)
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- Post-issue performance (3)
- Voluntary disclosure (3)
- Apple (2)
- Earnings guidance (2)
- Ethics (2)
- Management earnings forecast (2)
- Transfer-pricing (2)
- AIS curriculum (1)
- AIS education (1)
- Accounting (1)
- Accrual-based earnings management (1)
- Airdrops (1)
- Analyst characteristics (1)
- Analyst earnings forecasts (1)
- Analyst forecasts (1)
- And Arm’s Length: EU General Court’s Failure of Imagination (1)
- Audit fees (1)
- Bankruptcy probability (1)
- Board interlocks (1)
- Board networks (1)
- Bond rating (1)
- Business processes (1)
- CEO compensation (1)
- Causality (1)
- Common auditor (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 62
Full-Text Articles in Business
Apple’S Cost-Sharing Arrangement: Frankenstein’S Monster, David G. Chamberlain, Stephen L. Curtis
Apple’S Cost-Sharing Arrangement: Frankenstein’S Monster, David G. Chamberlain, Stephen L. Curtis
Accounting
In this two-part report, Curtis and Chamberlain break down Apple’s cost-sharing arrangement and explain how corporate taxpayers have been able to exploit the cost-sharing regulations to shift hundreds of billions or even trillions in U.S. profits offshore with little or no IRS detection or enforcement.
Apple, State Aid, And Arm’S Length: Eu General Court’S Failure Of Imagination, David G. Chamberlain
Apple, State Aid, And Arm’S Length: Eu General Court’S Failure Of Imagination, David G. Chamberlain
Accounting
In this article, Chamberlain analyzes the EU General Court ruling in Apple, and examines state aid and transfer pricing in the EU, with a focus on (and as an advocate for) the existence of an autonomous arm’s-length principle.
How The Tax Court Can Account For Risk In Medtronic Transfer Pricing, David G. Chamberlain
How The Tax Court Can Account For Risk In Medtronic Transfer Pricing, David G. Chamberlain
Accounting
In this report, Chamberlain explores how the Tax Court, on remand in Medtronic, can address the challenge of determining arm’s-length transfer prices when one of the related parties bears substantial risk but owns no valuable intangible property.
Disappearing Forks And Magical Airdrops, David G. Chamberlain, Rodney P. Mock, Kathryn Kisska-Schulze
Disappearing Forks And Magical Airdrops, David G. Chamberlain, Rodney P. Mock, Kathryn Kisska-Schulze
Accounting
In this article, the authors argue that the IRS misguides taxpayers because it confuses cryptocurrency hard forks and airdrops in newly issued Rev. Rul. 2019-24.
Section 199a: Job Creator Or Tax Giveaway?, Rodney P. Mock, David G. Chamberlain
Section 199a: Job Creator Or Tax Giveaway?, Rodney P. Mock, David G. Chamberlain
Accounting
In this report, Mock and Chamberlain discuss section 199A and its inconsistencies regarding job creation policy.
Does The Cessation Of Quarterly Earnings Guidance Reduce Investors’ Short-Termism?, Yongtae Kim, Lixin (Nancy) Su, Xindong (Kevin) Zhu
Does The Cessation Of Quarterly Earnings Guidance Reduce Investors’ Short-Termism?, Yongtae Kim, Lixin (Nancy) Su, Xindong (Kevin) Zhu
Accounting
The practice of providing quarterly earnings guidance has been criticized for encouraging investors to fixate on short-term earnings and encouraging managerial myopia. Using data from the post–Regulation Fair Disclosure period, we examine whether the cessation of quarterly earnings guidance reduces short-termism among investors. We show that, after guidance cessation, investors in firms that stop quarterly guidance are composed of a larger (smaller) proportion of long-term (short-term) institutions, put more (less) weight on long-term (short-term) earnings in firm valuation, become more (less) sensitive to analysts’ long-term (short-term) earning forecast revisions, and are less likely to dismiss chief executive officers for missing …
Languages And Earnings Management, Jaehyeon Kim, Yongtae Kim, Jian Zhou
Languages And Earnings Management, Jaehyeon Kim, Yongtae Kim, Jian Zhou
Accounting
We predict that managers of firms in countries where languages do not require speakers to grammatically mark future events perceive future consequences of earnings management to be more imminent, and therefore they are less likely to engage in earnings management. Using data from 38 countries, we find that accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management are less prevalent where there is weaker time disassociation in the language. Our study is the first to examine the relation between the grammatical structure of languages and financial reporting characteristics, and it extends the literature on the effect of informal institutions on corporate actions.
Country-Level Institutions, Firm Value, And The Role Of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives, Sadok El Ghoul, Omrane Guedhami, Yongtae Kim
Country-Level Institutions, Firm Value, And The Role Of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives, Sadok El Ghoul, Omrane Guedhami, Yongtae Kim
Accounting
Drawing on transaction cost theories and the resource-based view of a firm, we posit that the value of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives is greater in countries where an absence of market-supporting institutions increases transaction costs and limits access to resources. Using a large sample of 11,672 firm-year observations representing 2445 unique firms from 53 countries during 2003–2010 and controlling for firm-level unobservable heterogeneity, we find supportive evidence that CSR is more positively related to firm value in countries with weaker market institutions. We also provide evidence on the channels through which CSR initiatives reduce transaction costs. We find that …
Is Institutional Ownership Related To Corporate Social Responsibility? The Nonlinear Relation And Its Implication For Stock Return Volatility, Maretno Harjoto, Hoje Jo, Yongtae Kim
Is Institutional Ownership Related To Corporate Social Responsibility? The Nonlinear Relation And Its Implication For Stock Return Volatility, Maretno Harjoto, Hoje Jo, Yongtae Kim
Accounting
This study examines the relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and institutional investor ownership, and the impact of this relation on stock return volatility. We find that institutional ownership does not strictly increase or decrease in CSR; rather, institutional ownership is a concave function of CSR. This evidence suggests that institutional investors do not see CSR as strictly value-enhancing activities. Institutional investors adjust their percentage of ownership when CSR activities go beyond the perceived optimal level. Employing the path analysis, we also examine the mediating effect of institutional ownership on the relation between CSR and stock return volatility. We find …
Management Earnings Forecasts And Value Of Analyst Forecast Revisions, Yongtae Kim, Minsup Song
Management Earnings Forecasts And Value Of Analyst Forecast Revisions, Yongtae Kim, Minsup Song
Accounting
This study examines the stock-price reactions to analyst forecast revisions around earnings announcements to test whether preannouncement forecasts reflect analysts' private information or piggybacking on confounding events and news. We find that management earnings forecasts influence the timing and precision of analyst forecasts. More importantly, evidence suggests that prior studies' finding of weaker (stronger) stock-price responses to forecast revisions in the period immediately after (before) the prior-quarter earnings announcement disappears once management earnings forecasts are controlled for. To the extent that management earnings forecasts are public disclosures, our results suggest that the importance of analysts' information discovery role documented in …
Common Auditors In M&A Transactions, Ye Cai, Yongtae Kim, Jong Chool Park, Hal D. White
Common Auditors In M&A Transactions, Ye Cai, Yongtae Kim, Jong Chool Park, Hal D. White
Accounting
We examine merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions in which the acquirer and the target share a common auditor. We predict that a common auditor can help merging firms reduce uncertainty throughout the acquisition process, which allows managers to more efficiently allocate their capital, resulting in higher quality M&As. Consistent with our prediction, we find that deals with common auditors have higher acquisition announcement returns than do non-common-auditor deals. Further, we find that the common-auditor effect is more pronounced for deals with greater pre-acquisition uncertainty and deals involving acquirers and targets that are audited by the same local office of the …
Ceo Equity Incentives And Audit Fees, Yongtae Kim, Haidan Li, Siqi Li
Ceo Equity Incentives And Audit Fees, Yongtae Kim, Haidan Li, Siqi Li
Accounting
This study examines whether CEO equity incentives have an impact on audit pricing. Prior studies investigate whether CEO equity incentives motivate executives to manage earnings for personal financial gains. Our focus is on whether auditors perceive CEO equity incentives to be associated with greater earnings manipulation risk and incorporate such risk in their pricing decisions. We find that CEO equity portfolio vega is positively related to audit fees after controlling for other determinants of audit fees, while equity portfolio delta is not significantly related to audit fees. This result holds after we account for potential endogeneity. The evidence suggests that …
Board Interlocks And The Diffusion Of Disclosure Policy, Ye Cai, Dan S. Dhaliwal, Yongtae Kim, Carrie Pan
Board Interlocks And The Diffusion Of Disclosure Policy, Ye Cai, Dan S. Dhaliwal, Yongtae Kim, Carrie Pan
Accounting
We examine whether board connections through shared directors influence firm disclosure policies. To overcome endogeneity challenges, we focus on an event that represents a significant change in firm disclosure policy: the cessation of quarterly earnings guidance. Our research design allows us to exploit the timing of director interlocks and therefore differentiate the director interlock effect on disclosure policy contagion from alternative explanations, such as endogenous director-firm matching or strategic board stacking. We find that firms are more likely to stop providing quarterly earnings guidance if they share directors with previous guidance stoppers. We also find that director-specific experience from prior …
Corporate Social Responsibility And Stock Price Crash Risk, Yongtae Kim, Haidan Li, Siqi Li
Corporate Social Responsibility And Stock Price Crash Risk, Yongtae Kim, Haidan Li, Siqi Li
Accounting
This study investigates whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) mitigates or contributes to stock price crash risk. Crash risk, defined as the conditional skewness of return distribution, captures asymmetry in risk and is important for investment decisions and risk management. If socially responsible firms commit to a high standard of transparency and engage in less bad news hoarding, they would have lower crash risk. However, if managers engage in CSR to cover up bad news and divert shareholder scrutiny, CSR would be associated with higher crash risk. Our findings support the mitigating effect of CSR on crash risk. We find that …
Are All Management Earnings Forecasts Created Equal? Expectations Management Versus Communication, Yongtae Kim, Myung Seok Park
Are All Management Earnings Forecasts Created Equal? Expectations Management Versus Communication, Yongtae Kim, Myung Seok Park
Accounting
Recent studies associate management earnings forecasts (MEFs) with expectations management. These studies, however, neither provide evidence on the extent and scope of expectations management through MEFs nor consider alternative incentives for issuing MEFs. Consequently, existing evidence does not help regulators assess whether MEFs effectively facilitate communication with investors. We investigate to what extent managers exploit their earnings forecasts as a tool of expectations management or as a communication device. By examining relations among MEFs, analysts' forecasts, and actual earnings, we classify MEFs into three incentive categories: (1) expectations management, (2) communication, and (3) other incentives. We find that a significant …
Analyst Vs. Market Forecasts Of Earnings Management To Avoid Small Losses, Michael Eames, Yongtae Kim
Analyst Vs. Market Forecasts Of Earnings Management To Avoid Small Losses, Michael Eames, Yongtae Kim
Accounting
Burgstahler and Eames (2003) present evidence that analysts commonly anticipate earnings management to avoid small losses, but often incorrectly predict its occurrence. Here we consider whether the market's behavior mimics that of analysts. Our results suggest that analysts exhibit more forecast optimism in their zero earnings forecasts than in their other small earnings forecast levels, and markets exhibit less relative optimism at this point. At the 271-360 day forecast horizon, we find a reduction in the earnings response coefficient at analysts' zero earnings forecasts and interpret this as reflecting less optimism in market earnings forecasts than in analyst forecasts when …
Does Eliminating The Form 20-F Reconciliation From Ifrs To U.S. Gaap Have Capital Market Consequences?, Yongtae Kim, Haidan Li, Siqi Li
Does Eliminating The Form 20-F Reconciliation From Ifrs To U.S. Gaap Have Capital Market Consequences?, Yongtae Kim, Haidan Li, Siqi Li
Accounting
This paper investigates the capital market consequences of the SEC's decision to eliminate the reconciliation requirement for cross-listed companies following International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We find no evidence that the elimination has a negative impact on firms' market liquidity or probability of informed trading (PIN). We also find no evidence of a significant impact on cost of equity, analyst forecasts, institutional ownership, stock price efficiency and synchronicity. Moreover, IFRS users do not increase disclosure frequency nor supply the reconciliation voluntarily. Our results do not support the argument that eliminating the reconciliation results in information loss or greater information asymmetry. …
Do Corporations Invest Enough In Environmental Responsibility?, Yongtae Kim, Meir Statman
Do Corporations Invest Enough In Environmental Responsibility?, Yongtae Kim, Meir Statman
Accounting
Proponents of corporate environmental responsibility argue that corporations shortchange shareholders by investing too little in environmental responsibility. They claim that corporations can improve their financial performance by increasing their investment in environmental responsibility. Opponents of corporate social responsibility argue that corporations shortchange shareholders by investing too much in environmental responsibility. They claim that corporations can improve their financial performance by reducing their investment in environmental responsibility. Yet others claim that corporations serve their shareholders well by investing just enough in social responsibility, not too little and not too much. If so, corporations increase their investment in environmental responsibility when an …
Analyst Characteristics, Timing Of Forecast Revisions, And Analyst Forecasting Ability, Yongtae Kim, Gerald J. Lobo, Minsup Song
Analyst Characteristics, Timing Of Forecast Revisions, And Analyst Forecasting Ability, Yongtae Kim, Gerald J. Lobo, Minsup Song
Accounting
We first examine whether analysts with certain characteristics that prior research has identified are related to superior forecasting ability systematically time their forecast revisions later in the fiscal quarter. We then examine whether this superior ability persists after controlling for this timing advantage by using relative forecast error, a measure that largely eliminates the timing advantage of recent forecasts. Using a sample of quarterly earnings forecast revisions over the 20-year period from 1990 to 2009, we find that analysts with more firm-specific and general experience and more accurate prior-period forecasts, analysts employed by larger brokerage firms, and analysts who follow …
Polishing Diamonds In The Rough: The Sources Of Syndicated Venture Performance, Sanjiv R. Das, Hoje Jo, Yongtae Kim
Polishing Diamonds In The Rough: The Sources Of Syndicated Venture Performance, Sanjiv R. Das, Hoje Jo, Yongtae Kim
Accounting
Using an effort-sharing framework for VC syndicates, we assess how syndication impacts investment returns, chances of successful exit, and the time taken to exit. With data from 1980-2003, and applying apposite econometrics for endogeneity to these different performance measures, we are able to ascribe much of the better return to selection, with the value-addition by monitoring role significantly impacting the likelihood and time of exit. While the extant literature on Venture Capital (VC) syndication is divided about the relative importance of the "selection" and "value-add" hypotheses, we find that their roles are complementary.
A Re-Balanced Scorecard: A Strategic Approach To Enhance Managerial Performance In Complex Environments, Joseph H. Callaghan, Arline Savage, Steven Mintz
A Re-Balanced Scorecard: A Strategic Approach To Enhance Managerial Performance In Complex Environments, Joseph H. Callaghan, Arline Savage, Steven Mintz
Accounting
This paper is a proposal to develop conceptual and practical frameworks for evolving corporations seeking to improve their managerial performance in complex environments with actionable strategies for dealing with social, environmental and corporate governance issues. These frameworks are coalesced by social contract theory that extends the traditional view of the firm as a nexus of contracts to a broader view of the firm as a nexus of social contracts. A re-balanced scorecard is proposed to induce and evaluate management performance that captures important dimensions and aspects of the frameworks established for firms strategically choosing to change their long term objectives …
Equational Zero Vector Databases, Non-Equational Databases, And Inherent Internal Control, Roberta Ann Barra, Arline Savage, Jeff J. Tsay
Equational Zero Vector Databases, Non-Equational Databases, And Inherent Internal Control, Roberta Ann Barra, Arline Savage, Jeff J. Tsay
Accounting
Equational zero vector accounting systems, based on duality principles and the double-entry model, were designed as ontological control systems to help prevent and detect fraud and errors inherent in non-equational, single-entry systems. Non-equational systems lend themselves to fraud and errors to a larger degree because the internal control inherent in an equational zero vector system has no substitute. We use an analytical analysis methodology to show that an equational zero vector system provides superior inherent internal control over data completeness and data reliability. In the accounting information systems area, the most popular modern non-equational system, the resource-event-agent model, is increasingly …
Ethical Concerns About The Online Sale Of Instructor-Only Textbook Resources, Arline Savage, Mark G. Simkin
Ethical Concerns About The Online Sale Of Instructor-Only Textbook Resources, Arline Savage, Mark G. Simkin
Accounting
Yes, your test bank and solutions manual are for sale and it is very easy for your students to acquire them. Using a stakeholder framework, we analyze the ethical issues involved in acquiring, using, and distributing these instructional resources by individuals besides the professors for whom they are intended. We also discuss countermeasures that stakeholders might use to deal with this latest development.
Women Accountants In The 1880 Us Federal Census: A Genealogical Analysis, Diane H. Roberts
Women Accountants In The 1880 Us Federal Census: A Genealogical Analysis, Diane H. Roberts
Accounting
This historical census micro-data project examines the characteristics of women who self report as accountants in the 1880 US Federal Census. Using the data provided by the actual Census forms the demographic, familial, and economic characteristics of women accountants are examined and found to be quite different from the experience of accountants overall found by Lee [2007]. A fairly clear picture of a typical 1880 female accountant emerged and analysis of their multi-generational families gave insight into the changing occupational landscape of the period. Almost all women accountants were US born of US born parents and most did not migrate …
Market Uncertainty And Disclosure Of Internal Control Deficiencies Under The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Yongtae Kim, Myung Seok Park
Market Uncertainty And Disclosure Of Internal Control Deficiencies Under The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Yongtae Kim, Myung Seok Park
Accounting
This study examines cross-sectional differences in stock market reactions to the disclosure of internal control deficiencies under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We hypothesize that the market punishment for internal control problems will be less severe for internal control disclosure that helps reduce market uncertainty around the disclosure. We also predict that such a relation is dependent on the types of disclosure and the market's prior knowledge of the credibility of firms' financial reporting. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that when firms disclose their internal control deficiencies, their abnormal stock returns are negatively associated with changes in market …
Financial Management To Support Sustainability, Doug Cerf, Arline Savage
Financial Management To Support Sustainability, Doug Cerf, Arline Savage
Accounting
No abstract provided.
Teaching Freshman Business Students Ethics: A Case Study, John Koeplin
Teaching Freshman Business Students Ethics: A Case Study, John Koeplin
Accounting
Making ethical decisions is important for both personal and business situations. This case study suggests a different approach to educating business students about ethics and personal character. By exposing beginning business students to personal and business dilemmas, requiring reflection papers on their experiences, debating business and political issues, and through other activities such as discussion various business ethical dilemmas, students will become more sensitive to ethical issues and ideally see character development as something directly related to their studies. Additionally, by having students take this course in their first year of undergraduate studies, this will affect the context and experience …
Positive And Negative Information Transfers From Management Forecasts, Yongtae Kim, Michael Lacina, Myung Seok Park
Positive And Negative Information Transfers From Management Forecasts, Yongtae Kim, Michael Lacina, Myung Seok Park
Accounting
We examine positive and negative information transfers associated with management earnings and revenue forecasts. Positive information transfers are due to industry commonalities whereas negative information transfers are caused by competitive shifts. We argue that positive and negative intra-industry information transfers offset each other and lead to an overall finding of no information transfers even though they exist. We also conjecture that the type of information transfers from the same management forecast can be positive or negative based on the characteristics of the information receiver. We hypothesize positive information transfers to non-rival firms and negative information transfers to rivals. Consistent with …
Ethics And Disclosure: A Study Of The Financial Performance Of Firms In The Seasoned Equity Offerings Market, Hoje Jo, Yongtae Kim
Ethics And Disclosure: A Study Of The Financial Performance Of Firms In The Seasoned Equity Offerings Market, Hoje Jo, Yongtae Kim
Accounting
In this article, we examine the association between ethics and disclosure and the impact of this association on the long-term, post-issue performance of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). We argue that firms with extensive disclosure are less likely to face information problems, and more likely to lead to active shareholder monitoring, and therefore, engage in fewer unethical activities, such as aggressive earnings manipulation, and have better long-term, post-issue performance. Consistent with these predictions, this study presents evidence that disclosure is negatively related to unethical earnings manipulation and positively associated with long-term, post-issue performance. In particular, we find that long-term, post-issue SEO …
An Investigation Of Real Estate Investment Decision-Making Practices, Edward J. Farragher, Arline Savage
An Investigation Of Real Estate Investment Decision-Making Practices, Edward J. Farragher, Arline Savage
Accounting
This survey investigation reports on the investment decision-making processes used by equity investors in real estate. The survey covers the entire investment decision-making process, from setting strategy to auditing operating performance. Respondents identify the most important stages of the process as searching for investment opportunities, forecasting expected returns, and evaluating forecasted returns. Most believe that individual project factors are more important than strategic and portfolio factors, and that returns should be measured on a before-tax cash flow basis and evaluated using discounted cash flow measures. Respondents are more concerned with project than portfolio risk and are unlikely to make a …