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Articles 1 - 7 of 7
Full-Text Articles in Business
The Reality Of Digital Currency As A Financial Medium Of Exchange, Dale H. Shao, Lawrence Shao, Ralph E. Mckinney, Duane C. Rosenlieb
The Reality Of Digital Currency As A Financial Medium Of Exchange, Dale H. Shao, Lawrence Shao, Ralph E. Mckinney, Duane C. Rosenlieb
Ralph E. McKinney
This paper presents a discussion of the requirements for the long term acceptance of digital currency as a financial medium of exchange through the examination of fundamental criteria associated with common tender and the examination of selected digital currencies. According to the U.S. Treasury, digital currencies are subject to regulation if that digital currency has a substitutive purpose for facilitating exchanging goods and services (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 2013). Although governments can place stipulations on currencies, users of common tender, such as digital currencies, expect at least three basic privileges for a digital currency to evolve from conception to realization. …
Challenges And Opportunities In Business Higher Education, Dale H. Shao, Lawrence Shao, Ralph E. Mckinney
Challenges And Opportunities In Business Higher Education, Dale H. Shao, Lawrence Shao, Ralph E. Mckinney
Ralph E. McKinney
The catchphrase “Today’s Challenges Lead to Tomorrow’s Opportunities” succinctly describes the environment currently relevant to the area of business higher education. The future of business higher education in the 21st Century will involve dramatic changes that will lead to a vastly different business education environment than we have today. By recognizing opportunities and preparing strategies to embrace these changes, business schools will be better able to prepare for what lies ahead. There will be new opportunities to try strategic initiatives that could not have been previously attempted. Business schools must look for new alternatives and utilize a proactive approach for …
Enhanced Expense Practices For Higher Education: Enduring Continuous Reductions In State Appropriation, Ralph E. Mckinney, Lawrence Shao
Enhanced Expense Practices For Higher Education: Enduring Continuous Reductions In State Appropriation, Ralph E. Mckinney, Lawrence Shao
Ralph E. McKinney
The way forward for higher education to survive and to endure reductions in state appropriations is the enrichment of practices associated with traditional expenses. Because consistent reductions in state appropriations threaten to cause major changes to educational services within Higher Education, this paper advocates enhancement to program management and changes to teaching practices without sacrificing students' expectations. In fact, these practices strengthen learning through practical and team teaching environments while promoting unity of colleges and integration of courses. Module learning and transition programs encourage students to complete degrees faster and step up to the next advance degree. Flexibility can be …
Quantitative Evaluation On Indigent Criminal Defense Funding, Ralph E. Mckinney, Lawrence P. Shao
Quantitative Evaluation On Indigent Criminal Defense Funding, Ralph E. Mckinney, Lawrence P. Shao
Ralph E. McKinney
This article takes a quantitative approach to build upon McKinney and Shao's (2008) qualitative contribution concerning resource a/location of indigent criminal defense programs. By compating public funds of multiple societies over time, we are able to add important knowledge surrounding property rights valuations using a new concept called GDP Indexed Purchasing Power Parity. The findings of this study show that GDP-PPP provides for better indigent criminal defense analysis than per capita figures.
Indigent Criminal Defense: Qualitative Review On Economic Value, Ralph Mckinney, Lawrence P. Shao
Indigent Criminal Defense: Qualitative Review On Economic Value, Ralph Mckinney, Lawrence P. Shao
Ralph E. McKinney
This article reviews indigent criminal defense programs on an international level and generally concludes that societies want to protect legitimate society members', within the respective society's jurisdiction, fundamental property rights concerning criminal prosecution. While this conclusion was as the researchers expected, several unexpected and contrary observations were noted. Society wealth and a greater return on investments of public funds can dramatically shift a society's value of basic shared rights.
Purchasing Power Of Credit, Social Mobility, And Economic Mobility, Lawrence P. Shao, Ralph E. Mckinney Jr., Dale H. Shao
Purchasing Power Of Credit, Social Mobility, And Economic Mobility, Lawrence P. Shao, Ralph E. Mckinney Jr., Dale H. Shao
Ralph E. McKinney
Because barriers to wealth and limitations on purchasing power have a negative effect on career mobility, individuals planning their careers need to understand the factors that may influence their long term job prospects and attainable career goals. This paper takes a qualitative approach to examine how purchasing power can limit social and economic mobility. While occupational choice provides a primary path to wealth accumulation and access to social networks, financial decisions and other influences can limit career, social, and wealth building opportunities.
Reducing Dependence On Big Brother: Higher Education Looks For Innovative Funding Opportunities, Ralph E. Mckinney Jr., Lawrence P. Shao, Patrick A. Tissington
Reducing Dependence On Big Brother: Higher Education Looks For Innovative Funding Opportunities, Ralph E. Mckinney Jr., Lawrence P. Shao, Patrick A. Tissington
Ralph E. McKinney
This paper presents innovative programs that business schools can utilize to reduce dependence on public funds. A review of the literature shows the theoretical and empirical foundation of higher education funding dilemmas. While higher education is moving towards a global ambition, scarcity hinders governments to fully support programs long-term; thus, cost-sharing and cost-shifting measures must occur for higher education to support current programs. In this study, we examine two universities (one U.S. and one UK.) and provide practical summaries of programs that have provided additional funds. We show that diversity of funding sources is essential for survival of higher education …