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Articles 1 - 30 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Business
A Comparison Of The Two-Option Versus The Four-Option Multiple-Choice Item: A Case For Fewer Distractors, Allan Bateson, William R. Dardick
A Comparison Of The Two-Option Versus The Four-Option Multiple-Choice Item: A Case For Fewer Distractors, Allan Bateson, William R. Dardick
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Multiple choice test items typically consist of the key and 3-4 distractors. However, research has supported the efficacy of using fewer alternatives. Haladyna and Downing (1993) found that it is difficult to write test items with more than one plausible distractor, resulting in items with a correct answer and one alternative, also known as the alternate choice (AC) format. We constructed two 32-item tests; one with four alternatives (MC4) and one with two (AC), using an inter-judge agreement approach to eliminate distractors. Tests were administered to 138 personnel working for a U.S. Government agency. Testing time was significantly less and …
Is It Complicated? Validity Of Personality Interactions For Predicting Performance, Jacob C. Bradburn, Ann Marie Ryan, Anthony Boyce, Tamera Mckinniss, Jason Way
Is It Complicated? Validity Of Personality Interactions For Predicting Performance, Jacob C. Bradburn, Ann Marie Ryan, Anthony Boyce, Tamera Mckinniss, Jason Way
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Research on personality within the organizational sciences and for employee selection typically focuses on main effects, as opposed to interactive effects between personality variables. Large, multi-organizational datasets involving two different measures of personality were examined to test theoretically driven trait by trait interactions in predicting job performance. Interactive effects of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Extraversion, Extraversion and Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness were hypothesized as predicting overall job performance. However, these hypothesized effects were generally not supported. Implications for personality assessment are discussed.
The Relationship Between Criminal Records And Job Performance: An Examination Of Customer Service Representatives, Jakari N. Griffith, Todd C. Harris
The Relationship Between Criminal Records And Job Performance: An Examination Of Customer Service Representatives, Jakari N. Griffith, Todd C. Harris
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Between 70 million and 100 million Americans—or as many as one in three—have some type of criminal record (Vallas & Dietrich, 2014). Having even a minor criminal record often functions as a significant impediment to gainful employment and resultant economic security. This is especially problematic given that: (a) many companies now incorporate background checks within their hiring process and (b) little empirical research exists about the relationship between criminal records and job performance. Thus, this study examined the relationship between criminal records and objective performance of customer service representatives (N = 627) in a large telecommunications firm. Our regression analyses …
The Machines Aren’T Taking Over (Yet): An Empirical Comparison Of Traditional, Profiling, And Machine Learning Approaches To Criterion-Related Validation, Kristin S. Allen, Mathijs Affourtit, Craig M. Reddock
The Machines Aren’T Taking Over (Yet): An Empirical Comparison Of Traditional, Profiling, And Machine Learning Approaches To Criterion-Related Validation, Kristin S. Allen, Mathijs Affourtit, Craig M. Reddock
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Criterion-related validation (CRV) studies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of selection procedures. However, traditional CRV studies require significant investment of time and resources, as well as large sample sizes, which often create practical challenges. New techniques, which use machine learning to develop classification models from limited amounts of data, have emerged as a more efficient alternative. This study empirically investigates the effectiveness of traditional CRV with a variety of profiling approaches and machine learning techniques using repeated cross-validation. Results show that the traditional approach generally performs best both in terms of predicting performance and larger group differences between candidates …
Editorial: Five Years In, Scott Highhouse
Editorial: Five Years In, Scott Highhouse
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
No abstract provided.
Who Are The Older Adults Who Drown In Western Australia? A Cluster Analysis Using Coronial Drowning Data., Meg Abercromby, Dr Justine E. Leavy, Lauren Nimmo, Dr Gemma Crawford
Who Are The Older Adults Who Drown In Western Australia? A Cluster Analysis Using Coronial Drowning Data., Meg Abercromby, Dr Justine E. Leavy, Lauren Nimmo, Dr Gemma Crawford
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Drowning amongst older people is a growing concern. Exploring demographic and other factors associated with unintentional drowning incidents amongst older adults may assist to identify key target groups and refine prevention strategies. This study sought to examine the heterogeneity of older individuals who have drowned and identify population subgroups in Western Australia (WA). A cluster analysis was used to segment the population by examining coronial data 2001-2018 (n = 93). Analysis identified four groups; 1) ‘men who boat & fish in company’ 2) ‘affluent men with poor health’ 3) ‘non-drinkers who boat and fish’, and 4) ‘older men, who slipped …
Self-Efficacy Belief And The Influential Coach: An Examination Of Collegiate Athletes, Erianne A. Weight, Megan Lewis, Molly Harry
Self-Efficacy Belief And The Influential Coach: An Examination Of Collegiate Athletes, Erianne A. Weight, Megan Lewis, Molly Harry
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Self-efficacy beliefs related to the performance of a task have been identified as strong predictors of performance success. Research has hypothesized that the most influential contextual factor in athlete self-efficacy development is the athlete-coach relationship, yet there is little research on this relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine collegiate athletes’ perceptions of the prevalence of transformative and destructive coaches, the teaching methods athletes perceive to be transformative (strengthening self-efficacy belief), and the influence of coaching methods on sport self-efficacy belief. Just over two-thirds of the athletes expressed having transformative coaches while over one-third experienced coaches they defined …
Problematizing The Adoption And Implementation Of Athlete Development ‘Models’: A Foucauldian-Inspired Analysis Of The Long-Term Athlete Development Framework, Mathew Dowling, Joseph Mills, Anna Stodter
Problematizing The Adoption And Implementation Of Athlete Development ‘Models’: A Foucauldian-Inspired Analysis Of The Long-Term Athlete Development Framework, Mathew Dowling, Joseph Mills, Anna Stodter
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
The purpose of this paper is to problematize the continued adoption and implementation of Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) framework (Balyi et al., 2005; 2014) as an increasingly orthodox conception of the athlete development process and for underpinning and designing sport coaching practice. In adopting a post-structuralist, Foucauldian perspective and drawing upon empirical interview data with Balyi and colleagues, senior government officials and sport administrators, our analysis examines some of the potential limitations for adopting and implementing LTAD as a conception of the athlete development process. In particular, we highlight the potential issues and contradictions linked to adopting such conceptions, namely …
Up, Down, And All-Around: The Swirling-Transfer Collegiate Athlete Experience, Ethan Swingle, Cristobal Salinas
Up, Down, And All-Around: The Swirling-Transfer Collegiate Athlete Experience, Ethan Swingle, Cristobal Salinas
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Intercollegiate athletics have become an integral part of campus life (Denhart, Villwock, & Vedder, 2010; Mixon & Trevino, 2005; Shulman & Bowen, 2001), and have grown exponentially in the resources universities put forth to participate in this extracurricular activity (Clotfelter, 2011). One of the biggest evolutions of intercollegiate athletics has been the collegiate athlete transfer phenomenon (Cooper & Hawkins, 2014); however, little research has been conducted on transfer collegiate athletes, or the transfer collegiate athlete experience. As such, the purpose of this instrumental case study was to discover and describe the experiences and perceptions of swirling-transfer collegiate athletes at Athletic …
Special Issue - Call For Papers: Rethinking The Future Police Department: Examining The Role Of Testing And Assessment, Dennis Doverspike, Alexandra Petruzzelli, Marc Cubrich
Special Issue - Call For Papers: Rethinking The Future Police Department: Examining The Role Of Testing And Assessment, Dennis Doverspike, Alexandra Petruzzelli, Marc Cubrich
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
No abstract provided.
Development Of The Life After Sports Transition (Last) Online Course For Collegiate Student-Athletes: Pretest-Posttest Study, Michael Stellefson, Trevor Bopp, Michael Odio, Min Qi Wang, Linxi Zhang
Development Of The Life After Sports Transition (Last) Online Course For Collegiate Student-Athletes: Pretest-Posttest Study, Michael Stellefson, Trevor Bopp, Michael Odio, Min Qi Wang, Linxi Zhang
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Transitioning into athletic retirement can have negative impacts on college student-athletes’ psychological, social, emotional, and physical well-being, yet few educational programs exist to help augment college student-athlete preparation for embracing life after sports. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a new Life After Sports Transition (LAST) online course for college student athletes. A single group pretest-post-test study evaluated effects of the LAST course among a convenience sample of college student-athletes (n=10) attending a NCAA Division I university. Paired sample t-tests examined changes in athletic identity, psychological well-being, hope, and self-reflection/insight. Propensity score matching …
Tackling Difficult Conversations: Student-Athletes, Mental Health, And Emerging Technology, Todd Fraley, Stacy Warner, Christine Wilson, Gareth Jones, Michael Catalano
Tackling Difficult Conversations: Student-Athletes, Mental Health, And Emerging Technology, Todd Fraley, Stacy Warner, Christine Wilson, Gareth Jones, Michael Catalano
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
Given the exponential growth of mental health issues on colleges campuses and the concerns regarding mental health disorders among elite level athletes, the NCAA (2016) has made recommendations to support and promote student-athlete mental health. However, to successfully address the increase in mental health issues, the development of effective communication skills is required. To address this, the researchers developed and built an immersive learning experience focused on “difficult conversations” using Mursion® technology. This pilot study contributes to this important conversation by analyzing the influence of an immersive experience on the student-athletes’ communication skills. Using a quasi-experimental design, 79 NCAA Division …
Student-Athletes At An Historically Black University (Hbu): Examining The Relationship Between Student-Engagement On Campus And Career Situation Awareness, Gregg Rich, Kenneth Kungu, Ali Boolani
Student-Athletes At An Historically Black University (Hbu): Examining The Relationship Between Student-Engagement On Campus And Career Situation Awareness, Gregg Rich, Kenneth Kungu, Ali Boolani
Journal of Athlete Development and Experience
The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between student-athletes’ engagement experiences on campus and their career situation awareness at an historically Black university (HBU) in the Southeastern United States with NCAA Division I affiliation. Data was obtained from a sample (n = 118) of female (n= 45) and male (n = 73) student-athletes using measures from the revised versions of the Student-Athlete Experiences Inventory (SAEI) and the Student-Athlete Career Situation Inventory (SACSI). One-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation tests, and t-tests were employed to analyze gender, race, year classification, and sport played effects. Following data analysis, three …
A Unifying Framework To Study Workplace Decision-Making Aptitude And Performance, Nikki Blacksmith, Maureen E. Mccusker, Theodore L. Hayes
A Unifying Framework To Study Workplace Decision-Making Aptitude And Performance, Nikki Blacksmith, Maureen E. Mccusker, Theodore L. Hayes
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Employers are facing a skills shortage in the labor market: there are not enough workers who can perform the complex decision-making tasks that characterize 21st-century work. This manuscript aims to stimulate research investigating the relationship among individual differences, decision-making aptitude, and decision performance. We offer guidelines for future research by laying out a framework to unify disparate streams of research from organizational science, and judgment and decision-making research. We advocate for the use of pattern-oriented analytical approaches to capture the complexities of the predictor and criterion space.
The Impact Of Nondiagnostic Information On Selection Decision Making: A Cautionary Note And Mitigation Strategies, Dev K. Dalal, Levi Sassaman, Xiaoyuan (Susan) Zhu
The Impact Of Nondiagnostic Information On Selection Decision Making: A Cautionary Note And Mitigation Strategies, Dev K. Dalal, Levi Sassaman, Xiaoyuan (Susan) Zhu
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Selection decision makers are inundated with information from which to make decisions about the suitability of a job candidate for a position. Although some of this information is relevant for making a high-quality decision (i.e., diagnostic information), much of the information is actually unrelated to the decision (i.e., nondiagnostic information). Although the deleterious effects of nondiagnostic information on selection decision making have been demonstrated, the prevalence and impact of this type of information is increasing, especially with recent advances in new selection methods used by employers. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to caution selection decision makers, and/or those …
Threat Of Technological Unemployment, Use Intentions, And The Promotion Of Structured Interviews In Personnel Selection, Kevin P. Nolan, Dev K. Dalal, Nathan Carter
Threat Of Technological Unemployment, Use Intentions, And The Promotion Of Structured Interviews In Personnel Selection, Kevin P. Nolan, Dev K. Dalal, Nathan Carter
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Meehl (1986) proposed that an important factor underlying professional decision makers’ resistance to standardized decision aids is threat of technological unemployment – fear that using the practices would reduce the perceived value of their employment. Nolan, Carter, and Dalal (2016) provided initial support for threat of technological unemployment being a factor that contributes to practitioners’ reluctance to adopt scientifically meritorious standardized hiring practices. This study serves to further develop the theory of threat of technological unemployment in personnel selection by (a) replicating the findings of our earlier research using a within-subjects methodology that is more generalizable to the cognitive processes …
Decoy Effects Improve Diversity Hiring, Nathan R. Kuncel, Jeffrey A. Dahlke
Decoy Effects Improve Diversity Hiring, Nathan R. Kuncel, Jeffrey A. Dahlke
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
A growing literature demonstrates that when making choices among multiple options, decision makers are strongly influenced by the mere presence of additional options, even when those options are largely undesirable and are never actually selected. The effects of irrelevant options on decisions, often called decoy effects, have been observed in hiring and admissions decisions where the nature of a third candidate can radically shift preferences. In this study, we examine the influence of decoy effects on diversity hiring and extend research by examining choices with more than two organizational goals. Results indicate that the presence of a second candidate who …
Does Feedback Increase Decision Aid Use Among Hiring Professionals?, Aneeqa Thiele, Alexander T. Jackson, Stacey M. Stremic, Satoris S. Howes
Does Feedback Increase Decision Aid Use Among Hiring Professionals?, Aneeqa Thiele, Alexander T. Jackson, Stacey M. Stremic, Satoris S. Howes
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
We examined the influence of formative and outcome feedback on people’s reliance on decision aids. Decision aids are tools that managers can use to increase the accuracy of their hiring decisions. In our study, participants were asked to make 20 different hiring decisions and make predictions of a candidate’s performance on the job, with the option of using a decision aid formula. We manipulated whether participants received feedback on the accuracy of their predictions, the accuracy of the decision aid’s predictions, or both. The results demonstrated that feedback failed to have a significant impact on decision aid use for both …
Communicating Validity Information To Differentially Experienced Audiences: The Effects Of Numeracy And Nontraditional Metrics, Nathaniel M. Voss, Christopher J. Lake
Communicating Validity Information To Differentially Experienced Audiences: The Effects Of Numeracy And Nontraditional Metrics, Nathaniel M. Voss, Christopher J. Lake
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
One of the biggest challenges facing organizational researchers is convincing practitioners to adopt evidence-based personnel selection practices such as the structured interview. In this study, we examined the effects of nontraditional validity metrics and numeracy by presenting validity information about the structured interview to audiences with differing amounts of interview experience (students, working adults, and hiring managers). The results indicated that nontraditional metrics were associated with higher understanding, more positive attitudes, and greater perceptions of the usefulness of the structured interview. These effects were constant across differing levels of numeracy. Additionally, the results revealed that nontraditional metrics result in more …
Pushing The Limits For Judgmental Consistency: Comparing Random Weighting Schemes With Expert Judgments, Martin C. Yu, Nathan R. Kuncel
Pushing The Limits For Judgmental Consistency: Comparing Random Weighting Schemes With Expert Judgments, Martin C. Yu, Nathan R. Kuncel
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Consistent use of information has been identified as a critical issue that can undermine expert predictions. Using three personnel assessment datasets, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations to compare the accuracy of expert judgements for predicting the job performance of managers against four different weighting schemes: consistent random weights, completely random weights, unit weights, and optimal weights. Expert accuracy fell within the completely random weight distribution in two samples and at the low end of the consistent random weight distribution in one sample. In other words, consistent random weights reliably outperformed expert judgment for hiring decisions across three datasets with a …
Introduction To The Special Issue On Applications Of Judgment And Decision Making To Problems In Personnel Assessment, Edgar E. Kausel, Alexander T. Jackson
Introduction To The Special Issue On Applications Of Judgment And Decision Making To Problems In Personnel Assessment, Edgar E. Kausel, Alexander T. Jackson
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
No abstract provided.
The Ocean Lifeguard Intervention Continuum: A Cognitive Aid For Surf Lifeguard Education, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Shane Scoggins, Paul Andrus, Jack A. Futoran
The Ocean Lifeguard Intervention Continuum: A Cognitive Aid For Surf Lifeguard Education, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Shane Scoggins, Paul Andrus, Jack A. Futoran
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Ocean lifeguards are constantly engaged in beach risk analysis, required to efficiently evaluate a variety of environmental and other factors quickly in order to triage and prioritize who needs help. Teaching these skills is a challenge for introductory training programs. We sought to improve new lifeguards’ understanding of the interaction of various risk components in the beach environment and aid decision-making related to when a lifeguard should intervene in a situation. We developed a two-part cognitive aid for introductory ocean lifeguard education depicting individual and interacting elements of a beach goer’s risk of drowning or injury and the process by …
Promising Practices For Boating Safety Initiatives That Target Indigenous Peoples In New Zealand, Australia, The United States Of America, And Canada, Mitchell Crozier, Audrey R. Giles
Promising Practices For Boating Safety Initiatives That Target Indigenous Peoples In New Zealand, Australia, The United States Of America, And Canada, Mitchell Crozier, Audrey R. Giles
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Boating-related incidents are responsible for a significant number of the drowning fatalities that occur within Indigenous communities in New Zealand, Australia, the USA, and Canada. The aim of this paper was to identify promising practices for boating safety initiatives that target Indigenous peoples within these countries and evaluate past and ongoing boating safety initiatives delivered to/with Indigenous peoples within these countries to suggest the ways in which they – or programs that follow them - may be more effective. Based upon evidence from previous research, boating safety initiatives that target Indigenous peoples in New Zealand, Australia, the USA, and Canada …
Swimming Pool Environment And Respiratory Health Issues Experienced By Masters Swimmers: Results From A Literature Review And Survey Of United States Masters Swimming Clubs, Jody C. Gan, Julia Snegg, William Harder
Swimming Pool Environment And Respiratory Health Issues Experienced By Masters Swimmers: Results From A Literature Review And Survey Of United States Masters Swimming Clubs, Jody C. Gan, Julia Snegg, William Harder
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
After three members of a Masters adult swim club died of lung cancer, both a literature review and survey were conducted with representatives from 746 United States Masters Swimming clubs to explore a possible relationship between swimming and cancers of the respiratory tract. Six other clubs reported known cancers of the respiratory tract among club members, but none of the other 740 clubs reported a similar cluster of lung cancer. More clubs reported cases of chronic respiratory infections and widespread complaints about air quality. While no studies exploring a relationship between swimming and lung cancer could be found in the …
Food Insecurity And Socially Responsible For-Profit Entities, Maison Dewalt
Food Insecurity And Socially Responsible For-Profit Entities, Maison Dewalt
Honors Projects
This paper explores the viability of a for-profit entity being dedicated to addressing food insecurity. Through examination of challenges associated with food insecurity, as well as through review of current, effective for-profit food distributors in the U.S. food system, this paper identifies the need for an alternative approach to resolving food insecurity. The paper posits that such an approach may exist through business model integration in establishing a new, socially responsible for-profit entity.
Staff Training In Aquatics For Individuals With Disabilities: The Quest, Susan J. Grosse
Staff Training In Aquatics For Individuals With Disabilities: The Quest, Susan J. Grosse
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Trained instructors in general programs have the ability and resources to initiate and follow through with developing water safe individuals who are capable swimmers. Specific staff training to prepare individuals to facilitate aquatic participation for individuals with disabilities is currently extremely limited. The purpose of this article is to examine the barriers to specialized staff training in aquatics for individuals with disabilities, to suggest necessary staff training content, and to propose topics for further research in the area of staff training. Seeking development of quality staff training programs for those working in aquatics for individuals with disabilities is the quest.
Wai Puna: An Indigenous Model Of Māori Water Safety And Health In Aotearoa, New Zealand, Chanel Phillips Ph.D.
Wai Puna: An Indigenous Model Of Māori Water Safety And Health In Aotearoa, New Zealand, Chanel Phillips Ph.D.
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Māori (the indigenous peoples of Aotearoa, New Zealand) are intimately connected to wai (i.e., water) yet are overrepresented in New Zealand’s drowning statistics each year. On average Māori account for 20-24% of all preventable and non-preventable drowning fatalities, despite comprising only 15 percent of New Zealand’s population. Drowning remains a significant issue posing a threat to whānau (i.e., families) through premature death being imminent and whakapapa (i.e., genealogy) being interrupted. There is limited research that has examined Māori and indigenous understandings of water safety within the literature and limited studies that have investigated the issue of Māori drowning from a …
Training Evaluation For Introductory Ocean Lifeguard Instruction: A Practical Example From California, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Jack Futoran
Training Evaluation For Introductory Ocean Lifeguard Instruction: A Practical Example From California, William A. Koon, Ryan M. Gates, Jack Futoran
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Ocean lifeguards have several responsibilities that require precise training. California State Parks is one of the largest providers of open water lifeguard services in the United States, and trains approximately 200 new lifeguards per year. As part of our lifeguard training section’s quality improvement efforts, we conducted a training needs assessment to help determine how well our introductory ocean lifeguard training curriculum prepared lifeguards to perform job related tasks upon successful completion of the training program. We surveyed both first year and seasoned lead lifeguards on operational needs, training gaps, and specific subject areas. We identified several areas where our …
Drowning Of Pet Owners During Attempted Animal Rescues: The Avir-A Syndrome, John Pearn, Amy E. Peden, Richard Charles Franklin
Drowning Of Pet Owners During Attempted Animal Rescues: The Avir-A Syndrome, John Pearn, Amy E. Peden, Richard Charles Franklin
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
The rescuer who drowns can result from the attempted rescue of a human or an animal. We report here a total population analysis of all drowning fatalities for the 14-year period 1–July-2002 to 30-June-2016 which involved an attempted rescue of an animal. Cases were drawn from the Royal Life Saving National Fatal Drowning Database, which in turn, derived its data primarily from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS). Eight people drowned, all adults (ranging in age from 19-74 years), in the attempted rescue of an animal. Seven of the animals were domestic pet dogs, and in two cases farm animals. …
Editorial Introducing The Special Issue For Diversity In Aquatics, Angela Beale-Tawfeeq, Austin R. Anderson, Steven N. Waller
Editorial Introducing The Special Issue For Diversity In Aquatics, Angela Beale-Tawfeeq, Austin R. Anderson, Steven N. Waller
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Introduction to Special Issue - no abstract available