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Full-Text Articles in Business
Digital Technology And The Transformation Of The Nigerian Banking System: The Operators’ Perspective, Ireti Samuel-Ogbu
Digital Technology And The Transformation Of The Nigerian Banking System: The Operators’ Perspective, Ireti Samuel-Ogbu
Economic and Financial Review
The rapid development of digital technology through the years, and the rails provided by the internet for connectivity remains the most important development that has impacted change and driven massive improvement in the operation of banking and financial services. It has brought in its wake huge disruptions in product roll-out and the way products are delivered. The entry of technology companies into financial services cannot be overlooked in discussing these changes. Nigeria has not been left behind in this evolution. Instead, the Nigerian banking industry has been the forerunner in digital initiatives in Africa that have transformed the banking and …
Impact Of Aml/Cft Regulations On Digital Disruptions (Fintech) And Financial Inclusion In Sub-Saharan Africa, David Nkang Odu
Impact Of Aml/Cft Regulations On Digital Disruptions (Fintech) And Financial Inclusion In Sub-Saharan Africa, David Nkang Odu
Bullion
Financial Technology is becoming paramount in all financial institutions, being utilized in helping companies manage most of their financial operations efficiently through the use of software and specialized algorithms. The future of finance will shine brightest when it provides standard and valuable services to the society, however this will come with its own merits and demerits. I have prepared this report to carry out a detailed discussion on the impact that the AML/CFT controls have on FinTech and the financial inclusion initiative in sub-Saharan Africa. The AML/CFT controls can be applied more effectively in the formal systems for banking and …
Determination Of Optimal Level Of Foreign Reserves In Nigeria, Ishola W. Oyeniran, Solomon A. Alamu
Determination Of Optimal Level Of Foreign Reserves In Nigeria, Ishola W. Oyeniran, Solomon A. Alamu
CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)
This study adopts the ’buffer stock model’ advanced by Frenkel and Jovanovic (1981) to estimate the optimal level of foreign reserves for Nigeria. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach (ARDL) was used to estimate the optimal foreign reserves function. The results show that the Nigeria’s optimal reserves level responses to adjustment cost of holding reserves and exchange rate volatility and that import and opportunity cost of reserves holding have insignificant impact on Nigeria’s optimal foreign reserves. The short run and long run estimates of the buffer stock model support the theory that foreign reserves holding in Nigeria is more sensitive to …
Measuring The Risk In Risk Measures: The Case Of The Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market, K. Katata
Measuring The Risk In Risk Measures: The Case Of The Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market, K. Katata
Economic and Financial Review
As part of its mandate, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) carried out a series of foreign exchange policy decisions from 2014 to 2016. This paper, therefore, evaluated model risk of two key risk measures, expected shortfall (ES) and value-at-risk (VaR), due to the CBN's policy decisions using daily data for the naira exchange rates covering 2010 to 2014, as well as, 2011 to 2015 for the respective policy resolutions. The risk measures were implemented using 6 different models, as the most common techniques used by regulators and practitioners. The implementation of Basel III recommends the switchover from VaR to …
Globalisation And Government Size In Nigeria: A Revisit Of The Compensation Hypothesis, P. I. Nwosa, T. O. Akinbobola
Globalisation And Government Size In Nigeria: A Revisit Of The Compensation Hypothesis, P. I. Nwosa, T. O. Akinbobola
Economic and Financial Review
The link between globalisation and government expenditure has remained contentious in the literature particularly from a disaggregated perspective. Hence, this study examines the compensation hypothesis by analysing the relationship between globalisation and government size in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2018. Globalisation is proxied by trade and financial openness while government size is measured by final consumption expenditure by the general government (FCE), share of government expenditure on economic services (ECO), share of government expenditure on social and community services (SCS), and share of government expenditure on transfers (TRF). The study employed the error correction modelling technique and the …
Keynote Address By Godwin, I. Emefiele (Con), Godwin I. Emefiele
Keynote Address By Godwin, I. Emefiele (Con), Godwin I. Emefiele
Economic and Financial Review
This keynote address presented by Mr Godwin I. Emefiele (CON), the Governor, Central Bank of Nigeria at the seminar on “Addressing Nigeria’s Housing Deficit”, for CBN Executive Staff at Transcorp Hotels, Calabar, Cross River State, October 07 - 09, 2019.
Welcome Address By Adebiyi Michael Adebayo, Michael A. Adebiyi
Welcome Address By Adebiyi Michael Adebayo, Michael A. Adebiyi
Economic and Financial Review
This welcome address presented by Dr. Michael Adebiyi, the Director, Research Department, Central Bank of Nigeria at the seminar on “Addressing Nigeria’s Housing Deficit”, for CBN Executive Staff at Transcorp Hotels, Calabar, Cross River State, October 07 - 09, 2019
Housing Sector, Economic Growth And Development: Conceptual Issues And Theoretical Underpinnings, Uwatt B. Uwatt
Housing Sector, Economic Growth And Development: Conceptual Issues And Theoretical Underpinnings, Uwatt B. Uwatt
Economic and Financial Review
This article provides a theoretical overview of the contribution of housing sector in economic growth and development. The sector plays a very important role in the social and economic development of a country through its impact on major macroeconomic indicators such as: employment, savings, investment and labour productivity. After the introduction the article examined: conceptual issues on housing, economic growth and development; housing and economic growth and development: theoretical issues; housing, economic growth and development debate: historical perspective. The article concludes by recommending that: Governments in less-developed countries can intervene in the housing sector through comprehensive policies and large-scale investments, …
Institution And Housing Development: Mirage, Magic And Miracle Of Low- Cost Housing In Nigeria, Olukayode S. Oyediran
Institution And Housing Development: Mirage, Magic And Miracle Of Low- Cost Housing In Nigeria, Olukayode S. Oyediran
Economic and Financial Review
The article examines housing development with reference to the challenges encountered by the various low- cost housing interventions in Nigeria. The article observed that despite institutional interventions from both the fiscal and monetary authorities, the Nigerian housing deficit still remains a challenge to the government, stakeholders and the citizen. Challenges of adequate access to housing finance include affordability, access to land, cost of construction, rising cost of construction resources (materials and labour). The first section contextualises the challenges of the Nigerian housing deficit in the milieu of population explosion and urbanisation. The second section examines the theoretical issues bordering on …
Developing The Housing Sector In Nigeria – A Regulator’S Perspective, O. A. Martins
Developing The Housing Sector In Nigeria – A Regulator’S Perspective, O. A. Martins
Economic and Financial Review
This article provides a regulator’s perspective on developing the housing sector in Nigeria. The article first examines the interest of the regulator in the housing sector with specific reference to the CBN’s responsibility for the regulation and supervision of all the financial institutions involved in providing housing finance. The article then examined the state of the housing sector in Nigeria and the issues that have hampered the growth of the sector including: absence of access to low cost funding; weak legal framework; inadequate housing supply; and undercapitalised mortgage banks. On the regulator’s perspective on housing market development the article identified …
Legal And Regulatory Framework For The Mortgage Industry In Nigeria, Kehinde Ogundimu
Legal And Regulatory Framework For The Mortgage Industry In Nigeria, Kehinde Ogundimu
Economic and Financial Review
This article examines the legal and regulatory framework for the mortgage industry in Nigeria. The article examines the concept of housing as a global need and provides an overview of the Nigerian Housing Market with a population of 183 million people and increasing rapidly, a huge housing deficit of around 17 million units. This is further compounded by a rapid rising need for housing by about 20 per cent a year in cities like Lagos, Ibadan, Kano, and Abuja. At least 700,000 housing units across different segments are needed annually to keep up with demand, whereas, production was around 100,000 …
Unlocking The Potentials In The Housing Market Through Public Private Partnerships (Ppp) Investment Model, Chidi K. C. Izuwah
Unlocking The Potentials In The Housing Market Through Public Private Partnerships (Ppp) Investment Model, Chidi K. C. Izuwah
Economic and Financial Review
The article examines strategies on how unlocking the potentials in the housing market through the Public Private Partnerships (PPP) investment model. The model is seen as essential given that housing is now an indicator of personal socio-economic standing in society, and a core determinant of standard of living and access to economic opportunities globally. The article further discusses the imperative for Public Private Partnership (PPP) Housing and Social Housing or Public Rental Housing. Furthermore some PPP models that may be suitable for housing projects in Nigeria are identified like: Build Own Operate; Design-Build-Finance-Maintain-Operate/Build Operate Transfer and Operation and Maintenance Contract. …
Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects, Akpan Ekpo
Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects, Akpan Ekpo
Economic and Financial Review
This article examines the issues, challenges as well as prospects in the Nigerian housing sector. Following the introductory section, section 2 provides stylised facts about the real estate sector in Nigeria; section 3 investigates the challenges facing the housing sector in Nigeria, as a foundation towards proffering viable policy options in eradicating the housing deficit in the country. Section 4 provides the policies capable of curbing housing deficit in Nigeria, while section 5 discusses the prospects. Section 6 concludes the article.
Addressing Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects, Emmanuel Abolo Moore
Addressing Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects, Emmanuel Abolo Moore
Economic and Financial Review
The article examines the dimension of housing deficit in Nigeria, assess government intervention in tackling the problem of house shortages and proffer solutions that can help reduce the deficit considerably. Basic conceptual issues relevant to housing deficit in Nigeria is first discussed. These issues include: housing, housing deficit, urbanisation, and housing policy. This is followed by an examination of the current level of housing deficit in Nigeria which put existing housing stock at 23 per 1000 inhabitant; housing deficit as at December 2018 at 20 million units (15.0 per cent increase); N21 trillion required to finance the deficit. A look …
Addressing Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects, Ibi S. Ajayi
Addressing Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects, Ibi S. Ajayi
Economic and Financial Review
The article provides a brief review of housing policies under various regimes in Nigeria namely: the colonial era; independence and beyond; The Shagari administration (1979 -1983); Obasanjo regime under civilian rule14 (1999-2007); Yar’dua regime (29 May 2007 – 9 February 2010); Goodluck Jonathan regime (2010 – 2015); The Buhari administration (2015-2019). The article then discussed the problems militating against the achievement of targets in housing as well as the issues and opportunities. The article concluded by stressing the need to: maintain a conducive macro-economic environment which entails the maintenance of low inflation, low interest rates and stable exchange rates; deepen …
The Land Use Act And The Nigerian Housing Sector, Yusuf Yahaya
The Land Use Act And The Nigerian Housing Sector, Yusuf Yahaya
Economic and Financial Review
The article discusses the Land Use Act and the and how it has affected developments in the Nigerian housing sector. Prior to the Land Use Act, all the existing tenure systems encouraged land holding without an obligation to develop them, fragmentation and uncoordinated alienation, hoarding speculatively for value appreciation and without precise documentation. Consequently, the Land Use Act was enacted to: make land easily accessible to all Nigerians; prevent speculative purchases of communal land; streamline and simplify the management and ownership of land; make land available to government at all levels for development; provide the system of government administration of …
Issues, Challenges, And Prospects In The Housing Sector: Operator’S Perspective, Festus Adebayo
Issues, Challenges, And Prospects In The Housing Sector: Operator’S Perspective, Festus Adebayo
Economic and Financial Review
This article provides an operator’s perspective on the issues, challenges, and prospects in the housing sector in Nigeria. Topics covered include existing housing situation in Nigeria; and issues and challenges affecting affordable housing in Nigeria. The article also examines the prospects for Nigeria housing sector and made key recommendations which include: Creating enabling policies around land title documentations; Fast track the passage of foreclosure bill into law to legally resolve default issues in the sector; Advance the ongoing partnership between the Mortgage Banking Association of Nigeria (MBAN) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) with regards to the underwriting standards …
Measuring Dynamic Return And Volatility Connectedness Among Nigerian Financial Markets, Elias A. Udeaja
Measuring Dynamic Return And Volatility Connectedness Among Nigerian Financial Markets, Elias A. Udeaja
CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)
This study employs the connectedness measure of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014) to examine the intensity of connectedness among the Nigerian financial markets for the period January 2000 to December 2018. The study used all shares index, Treasury bill rate and Naira/USD official exchange rate to measure stock market, money market and exchange rate market, respectively. The study found connectedness among the Nigerian financial markets to be highly time-varying and appear to be higher during the period of high depreciation of the naira which coincides with the period of falling oil prices and domestic economic meltdown of 2014 and 2016, …
Special Remarks By Okwu Joseph Nnanna, Okwu Joseph Nnanna
Special Remarks By Okwu Joseph Nnanna, Okwu Joseph Nnanna
Economic and Financial Review
This special remarks presented by Dr. Okwu J. Nnanna, the Deputy Governor, Economic Policy Directorate of the Central Bank of Nigeria, at the seminar on “Addressing Nigeria’s Housing Deficit”, for CBN Executive Staff at Transcorp Hotels, Calabar, Cross River State, October 07 - 09, 2019
Bridging Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Lessons From Other Jurisdictions, Adeola F. Adenikinju
Bridging Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Lessons From Other Jurisdictions, Adeola F. Adenikinju
Economic and Financial Review
This article examine housing deficit in Nigeria, drawing lessons from other jurisdiction with a view to recommending measures that would bridge such deficit. The article first examine facts and figures behind the housing Deficit in Nigeria. These include supply side constraints; demand side constraints; housing sector and Nigeria’s economy; housing interventions in Nigeria; intervention and policies in the colonial period; the post-independence period; the post-military era; and 2000 till date. The article highlighted lessons from other Jurisdictions specifically: mortgage lending in selected developed economies like: United States, German, United Kingdom, Israel, Spain; othe countries Singapore; Egypt; Malaysia. In conclusion the …
Strengthening Institutions For Housing Delivery In Nigeria, Ademola Bamidele
Strengthening Institutions For Housing Delivery In Nigeria, Ademola Bamidele
Economic and Financial Review
This article discusses innovative structural reforms and investments that can improve housing delivery in Nigeria. Following this introduction, we would focus on the issue of housing as a fundamental human right, then a review of housing developments in Nigeria. In examining how to improve housing delivery in Nigeria, the article underscores the need for strengthening public institutions through the application of appropriate policies that would enhance optimum utilisation of existing resources for efficient housing delivery. The article highlights the need for renewed collaboration and commitment particularly among stakeholders and putting in place, specific workable institutional arrangements that would enhance sound …
Addressing Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects, Aliyu Rafindadi Sanusi
Addressing Housing Deficit In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects, Aliyu Rafindadi Sanusi
Economic and Financial Review
The article first, provides a detailed overview of the housing deficit problems in Nigeria and the Government’s efforts at resolving them. The next section briefly conceptualises and reviews the various issues and challenges faced in addressing the housing deficit in Nigeria. The article then discusses the prospects for resolving the housing crisis in Nigeria.
Estimation Of Sacrifice Ratio For The Nigerian Economy Using A Time Varying Adrl Approach, E. T. Adamgbe, M. O. Abeng, A. A. Omosola
Estimation Of Sacrifice Ratio For The Nigerian Economy Using A Time Varying Adrl Approach, E. T. Adamgbe, M. O. Abeng, A. A. Omosola
Economic and Financial Review
Monetary policy in the last few decades had focused on creating the enabling conditions for sustainable economic growth, using the level of inflation as the pivotal tool, complemented with central banks’ independence and monetary policy transparency. However, attaining the delicate balance of achieving low inflation and optimal output, with minimal tradeoffs has been a cause for concern for policy makers. Thus, the measurement of the output loss, arising from the inflation-output tradeoff, forms the fulcrum of this study. This study estimates the sacrifice ratio using a state space methodology in an aggregate supply framework to adjust for real business cycle …
Oil Price And Exchange Rate Nexus In Nigeria: Are There Asymmetries, Attahir B. Abubakar
Oil Price And Exchange Rate Nexus In Nigeria: Are There Asymmetries, Attahir B. Abubakar
CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)
This paper examines the dynamics in the relationship between oil price and exchange rate in Nigeria by utilizing monthly data spanning January 1986 to June 2018. It specifically determines asymmetries in the relationship between oil price and exchange rate and the effect of oil price shocks on exchange rate. Threshold Autoregressive (TAR), Momentum Threshold Autoregressive (MTAR) and Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) models were employed for the analysis. Findings of TAR and MTAR models confirm the absence of asymmetric cointegration, hence leading to the conclusion that in the case of Nigeria, there are no asymmetries in the relationship between oil price …
State's Fiscal Dependency And Implications On Monetary Management In Nigeria, Akinboyo O. Lawrence, Apinran O. Martins
State's Fiscal Dependency And Implications On Monetary Management In Nigeria, Akinboyo O. Lawrence, Apinran O. Martins
Bullion
This study examines fiscal management by States in Nigeria and its potential to sustain growth and development. The study used secondary data from the Bank's Statistical Bulletin and the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics. Information on monthly allocations to States, internally Generated Revenue, Debt stock, total Revenue, and Total expenditure were used to examine fiscal imbalance in the States. Data were collected on statutory allocations to States by the Federation Account Allocation Committee (FAAC), Internally Generated Revenue (IGR), States' debt stock, capital and recurrent expenditure from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Descriptive statistics …
An Overview Of The Cheque Payments System In Nigeria, Onyeka Samuel Okonkwo
An Overview Of The Cheque Payments System In Nigeria, Onyeka Samuel Okonkwo
Bullion
This paper is designed to examine critically the modern trends in the cheque payments system in Nigeria. In the light of this, the paper is divided into nine parts. The second part of the paper examines the concepts of payment , clearing and settlement. The evolution of cheque clearing in Nigeria is examined in part three. The part four presents the cheque standard in Nigeria. The part five gives the synopsis of cheque payment in Nigeria while the cheque truncation system(CTS) and its benefits and challenges are examined in part six and part seven respectively. The paper concludes with recommendations …
Demystifying The Microeconomic Foundation Of Economic Development In Nigeria: Evidence From Ease Of Doing Business Index, Imandojemu Kingsley
Demystifying The Microeconomic Foundation Of Economic Development In Nigeria: Evidence From Ease Of Doing Business Index, Imandojemu Kingsley
Bullion
The welfare of the citizenry in a modern economy depends critically on the state of the consumer behaviour of the household and the production decisions of business firms. Despite the efforts of the monetary authorities in supporting the micro-components of the economy and invariably improving the Ease of Doing Business in the country, very little has been done to evaluate their appropriateness in stimulating economic development. Against this backdrop, this paper critically examines the impact of supporting the microeconomic units on economic development in Nigeria.
Modeling Volatility Persistence And Asymmetry With Exogenous Breaks In The Nigerian Stock Returns, David A. Kuhe
Modeling Volatility Persistence And Asymmetry With Exogenous Breaks In The Nigerian Stock Returns, David A. Kuhe
CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)
This study examines the volatility persistence and asymmetry with exogenous breaks in Nigerian stock market. The study utilizes daily closing quotations of stock prices from the Nigerian stock exchange for the period 3rd July, 1999 to 12th June, 2017. Standard symmetric GARCH (1,1), asymmetric EGARCH (1,1) and GJR-GARCH (1,1) models with and without structural breaks were employed to measure shocks persistence and leverage effects in the presence of varying distributional assumptions. The empirical findings showed high persistence of shocks in the return series for the estimated models. However, the study found significant reduction in shocks persistence when structural breaks were …
Determinants Of Fdi And Fpi Volatility: An E-Garch Approach, Philip I. Nwosa, Omolade Adeleke
Determinants Of Fdi And Fpi Volatility: An E-Garch Approach, Philip I. Nwosa, Omolade Adeleke
CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)
This study examined the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) volatility in Nigeria. The study used annual data covering the periods 1986 to 2016 and the EGARCH approach was employed. The study observed that trade openness and world GDP were the significant determinants of FDI volatility, while domestic interest rate and stock market capitalization were significant determinants of FPI volatility in Nigeria. Other variables were insignificant in influencing volatility in FDI and FPI. Consequently, the study recommends the need for the prudent management of these determinants (with particular reference to indigenous variables) to ensure reduced …
Fss 2020 Financial Markets Programme: Progress So Far, Charles Ohamara
Fss 2020 Financial Markets Programme: Progress So Far, Charles Ohamara
Bullion
The Financial System Strategy (FSS) 2020 is a national reform program aimed at developing and transforming Nigeria's financial sector into a growth catalyst to fast track the achievement of the Vision 20:2020 and engineer Nigeria's evolution into on International Financial Centre. The strategic objectives of FSS2020 are to strengthen and deepen the domestic financial markets, enhance the integration of domestic financial markets with the external financial markets and supporting the reals sector. To attain these objectives, the key regulators of the Nigerian financial system come together under the leadership of the Central Bank of Nigeria and crafted the vision to …