Business Commons^™

Fighting In Hockey -- Player Perceptions, Jordan Doroshenko

Sport Management Undergraduate

There is a certain amount of physicality involved in all levels of hockey. The aggressive styles of play and attitudes have evolved into one of the most violent team sports. Fighting has been utilized as a marketing tool to increase viewership of hockey. The fights have increased in recent years, and there are many perceptions that portray its significance within the sport. The media markets physical aspects of the game, which reaches players of all ages and influences them to follow suit. Social media websites, television shows, sport analysts, and movies have been created solely focusing on big hits, fights, …

Sport-Type Differences In Drinking Behaviors And Motives Among St. John Fisher College Student Athletes, Carly Szydlowski

Sport Management Undergraduate

In lieu of an abstract, here is the paper's first paragraph: It is known that alcohol abuse among college students has been, and remains, a very prevalent issue in our society today; however, some may not know the extent to which student athletes consume alcohol. Green, Uryasz, Petr and Bray (2008) conducted a study for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 2001 and found that approximately 80% of collegiate student athletes consumed alcohol on an annual basis, and that number has only risen. Not only are a large percentage of student athletes consuming alcohol, they are doing so much …

Head Coaching Gender Equality At The Division Iii Level, James Troutman

Sport Management Undergraduate

Throughout history gender discrimination has created barriers that have prevented women from achieving their desired career goals no matter what the work setting is. One way that steps were made towards the elimination of gender discrimination was the enactment of Title IX in 1972. Pervious research has examined barriers that women head coaches coaching men’s teams have had to overcome in order to acquire their position. The coaches who were used in that research either coached NCAA Division I men’s teams or all three divisions combined. The barriers these women experienced were both externally and internally barriers. The external barriers …

The Level Of Comfort Coaches Have For Dealing With Children With Behavioral Disabilities, Rebecca Campbell

Sport Management Undergraduate

Studies have shown that children with behavioral disorders should be included in sports. This research looks at the comfort level coaches have with the idea of having children with behavioral disorders on their team. The research goes further into this question by looking at training as a possible option to increase the level of comfort. The study looks into the survey that was conducted and goes into further explanation as to how this affects youth sports. The discussion of the findings shows who is most affected by this research and what else can be examined.

An Examination Of Branding Strategies For Selected Major League Baseball Organizations, Kaitlyn Defanti

Recreation, Parks, and Tourism Administration

The implementation of successful branding strategies is crucial for all sport organizations to enhance revenue, sponsorships, and brand loyalty. To facilitate successful practices, it is important that organizations are aware of the most common branding strategies as well as the strategies of their competitors. The purpose of this study was to examine the best practices of branding strategies for the five Major League Baseball franchises in the state of California. Data were collected from five selected Major League Baseball teams. The instrument utilized in this study was a checklist covering branding strategies with an additional section for notes. The results …

Examining Official Supporter Groups: A Case Study Of The Cal Poly Men's Soccer Program, Kevin Mould

Recreation, Parks, and Tourism Administration

Official supporter groups are a critical component of any athletic program. One sport in which this concept is particularly apparent is soccer, a large part of the athletic culture at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. In order for these supporter groups to function at their highest level, they must be continually evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the official supporter groups of the Cal Poly Men’s Soccer program. Data were collected online from websites and social media outlets associated with each of Cal Poly Soccer’s official supporter groups, the Green Army and the Manglers. The instrument used …

Avid Fan’S Impact On Casual Fans, Cory Law

Sport Management Undergraduate

In lieu of an abstract, here is the paper's first paragraph: The lifeline of the sporting industry is the fans that attend the games, purchase merchandise, consume media, and passionately follow their favorite team or sport. Sport organizations do whatever they can to attract fans to their games and entice them to buy more tickets, merchandise, concessions and consume more of their team through social media, visits to the team website, and following the team. A critical area for these sport franchises to examine is why fans attend sporting events and what makes them a loyal fan of a certain …

Examining The Predictors Of Fbs Football Revenue, Hayden Redd

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

College football, specifically the Football Bowl Subdivision, is an ever growing industry. As revenues continue to rise, it is important to be able to predict these revenues. A series of correlations and least square analysis were run on data from 2007-2011 to test their significance to football revenue. The analysis found strong correlations between all-time wins and all-time bowl appearances, average attendance, and historical grade. Strong correlations are seen between all-time bowl appearances and average attendance, historical grade, and recent grade. Strong correlations are seen between wins from 2007-2011 and recent grade. Strong correlations are seen between average attendance and …

Examination Of Student, Program, And Institutional Support Characteristics That Relate To Pga Golf Management Students' Intent To Persist, Christopher Paul Cain

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The examination of student (entry characteristics, academic performance, career goals, and interaction with peers and faculty), program (programmatic interventions, academic major, and learning communities), and institutional support characteristics (financial aid and residence) that relate to cohort intent to persist are studied among 490 PGA Golf Management University Program undergraduate students from 12 universities. Results from this analysis will offer insight into which persistence factors lead to students' matriculation to the next cohort, with the ultimate goal of program completion. Identifying persistence factors related to student, program, and institutional support characteristics will help guide PGA Golf Management University programs by: recruiting …

New Mouthguard Design With Intermediate Nickel-Titanium And Foam Layer, Freddie Martinez

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Mouthguards help prevent orofacial injuries in many physical activities, commonly to the maxillary incisors. Mouthguards have many different properties which can be idealized. One property involves the amount of impact force the mouthguard can dissipate, commonly referred to as shock absorption. The aim of this study was to improve shock absorption capabilities beyond the protection that a mouthguard made of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) can offer. A Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) and/or foam intermediate layer was placed between EVA. Seven configurations were fabricated at 3 different thicknesses. The configurations consisted of an intermediate layer composed of NiTi, foam, or NiTi/foam. The NiTi …

Female Fan Avidity In The National Football League, Kathrine Damato

Sport Management Undergraduate

Women have become increasingly interested in sports. Significantly so with the National Football League, 44% of NFL fans are female fans (Waller, 2013). This new found fandom has abruptly changed the demographic and target market of the sports fan base. Therefore, there has not been a significant amount of research done on the level of fan avidity of females. My goal was to observe the female NFL fan base and help to determine what level of avidity females were considered.

The Exploitation And Trafficking Of African Youth Soccer Players In Their Pursuit For Soccer Stardom, Christopher Guido

Sport Management Undergraduate

My topic will look at the issue of unlicensed soccer academies in Africa and how they exploit the families of kids with dreams of traveling to Europe and playing for major soccer clubs like Manchester United and Real Madrid. Before looking at this specific issue, the larger picture of human trafficking must be looked at as to why it happens in the first place. Looking at current laws and looking at their effectiveness of decreasing trafficking. Human trafficking awareness is the underlying goal because if people don’t know about the issue, no one will do anything about it.

Consumer Behavior & Loyalty Toward Endorsement Livestrong And The Lance Armstrong Scandal: An Analysis Of Consumer Behavior & Loyalty, Brandan Jason

Sport Management Undergraduate

Celebrity-athlete endorsement is a popular and growing resource for current marketing strategies among many corporations. In this respect, there are various questions regarding the worth of celebrity-athletes as a means of marketing and generating consumer loyalty. Corporations and brands must take into account the possible consequences that can be associated with these individuals, specifically when they fall under scandal that leads to a misrepresentation of the corporation or brand that they endorse. In addition, they must consider how these associations affect consumer behavior and loyalty intentions toward their brand or products. This paper will address the following question: When an …

Success Or Bust? An Analysis Of Draft Position And Nfl Success, Connor King

Sport Management Undergraduate

The National Football League (NFL) draft is a reverse-order event that positions the teams with the worst record in the NFL to draft first, thus enabling those teams to get the best talent from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to help their team grow and be successful. In today’s NFL draft, there are 7 rounds of selections which includes 32 selections for 32 teams. While literature exists on what statistics are relevant toward evaluating specific positions and how that knowledge is used to select draft picks, there is no existing research that examines NFL success based on statistics and …

The Factors Of Awareness And Fan Identification Of Soccer Fans, Joseph Mcavoy

Sport Management Undergraduate

Professional soccer is a growing sport in America. The sport of soccer itself is still a growing sport among Americans. How people in America begin to identify themselves as soccer is not yet identified. I want to identify the factors of awareness and fan identification of soccer fans. I plan on surveying people through social media to see how they became soccer fans. I believe that through this research I will help identify the factors that lead people to become interested in soccer. This will help America create more soccer fans

Perception Of Ticket Scalping In New York State, Kevin M. Lute

Sport Management Undergraduate

The development and growth of the secondary ticket market over the last few decades was discussed, in order to see how it has become what it is today. The goal of the research is to see how people living in New York perceive ticket scalping and whether or not they respect the law. The expanding use and popularity of secondary websites such as StubHub are discussed, and how most transactions take place over the internet. Additionally, the current trends in the ticketing industry are mentioned and how organizations have attempted to curb scalping over the last few years. As a …

Value Of An Nhl Player, Ryan Mcginnis

Sport Management Undergraduate

The National Hockey League (NHL) consists of 30 teams which are located in all diverse types of markets around North America. With these teams being in different size markets, it is becoming more difficult to survive in the rigid economic times. With sports being a billion dollar industry, the NHL is an organization who is really struggling because of the lack of support from fans and sponsorships. With money being an issue, owners of these 30 NHL teams, have to make a decision whether they want to be a winning organization or a profitable organization. With this being said owners …

Community Relations Programming In Non-Traditional Nhl Markets, Charles Ragusa

Sport Management Undergraduate

In the past twenty years, USA Hockey participation figures have grown at exponential rates, with overall amateur participation numbers reaching the half-million mark for the first time in 2011 (USA Hockey, 2012). Much of the overall growth of hockey in the United States has occurred in what some may define as non-traditional markets. These non-traditional markets comprise of Southern, mid-Atlantic, and West Coast cities, and several of the expansion and relocation teams that have grown since the early 1990s. In order to understand the growth of the sport, it is first important to look into what community outreach programs have …

The Boston Bruins’ Use Of Social Media To Engage Fans In Promotions, Samantha Rogan

Sport Management Undergraduate

The topic of my research paper is the Boston Bruins’ use of social media to engage fans in promotions. More specifically, my research question is how do professional hockey teams use social media sites, such as Twitter, to increase fan engagement with team promotions? This research is important because we learned more about how social media sites are utilized in a positive way and were able to see what it takes to make these social media sites successful at the professional sport level. Some findings that have already been conducted on this topic include the different types of promotions and …

Assessing The Emotional Pull Of Advertising, Kristine M. Smith

Sport Management Undergraduate

The consideration of different running shoe advertisements provoking different emotions in sport consumers was examined in this research. The concept of different emotions leading to different buying behavior of consumers was also looked to be studied. Through snowball sampling, a survey was sent out to participants and results were examined. General demographic questions were asked along with questions about what different feelings participants experienced from looking at three different advertisements. They were also asked how these feelings would change their buying behavior. Responses were categorized into positive, negative, and neutral feelings and intent to purchase was also compared. Participants included …

Major Junior Or Ncaa Hockey: Which Path Should Be Chosen?, Christopher Roeder

Sport Management Undergraduate

Each year in Canada and the United States, thousands of talented teenaged hockey players are faced with a life changing decision. They must make a choice between playing in the Canadian Hockey League (CHL) or going to college and playing NCAA DI (National College Athletic Association, Division I) hockey. This is such a big decision because each of these choices can help lead a player to a professional career, but in very different ways. The CHL is structured more like the NHL in the number of games they play and the day to day schedule of practice and games. College …

Baseball: America’S Past Time?, Kevin Sullivan

Sport Management Undergraduate

Baseball has always been known as America’s game and has been embedded into our society for decades. Unfortunately we have seen a swing that has led America’s youth to abandon the game that has been cherished by so many before them. Youth athletes have been switching to sports that they are finding to be exciting, something that has been missing from the sport of baseball in the United States for some time now. This paper looks to address the question: what factors contribute to youth baseball players leaving/quitting the sport? From the research I have conducted I have found that …

Women And Weight Training, Alexandra Rohloff

Sport Management Undergraduate

There are many motivational factors or barriers that effect women to weight train at a recreational standard. In this research, weight training is any use of resistance machines, bands or the lifting of weights. Through this research, the question of how do women who weight train differ from those who do not in a physical, mental and social aspect is answered. Furthermore, this research identifies what the specifics are refraining women from weight training and how to make these barriers motivate women to weight train based off of all the positive benefits it has for women. The theory that helped …

Ncaa Sanctions And Their Effect On Athletic Success, Aidan Wiese

Sport Management Undergraduate

Cheating is a part of everyday life and is prominent aspect in the competitive nature of business. The ultimate goal of cheating is to gain an advantage over your competitors and ultimately be successful. Even though cheating is considered wrong, why do people still do it? The risk of being caught and punished is seemingly outweighed by the reward of success from cheating. This concept is relevant in the sporting world as well with the violation of rules by college athletic programs. In the highly competitive division I level of intercollegiate athletics the goal is to be the best. To …

Analysis Of Cosma Accredited Sport Management Curriculums, Kyle Anthony

Sport Management Undergraduate

The main focus of this paper is to analyze the curriculums of accredited sport management schools, focusing on the course offerings of all 11 accredited schools. The research question being asked is what curricular similarities and/or differences are there between the accredited sport management programs. A content analysis of all the course catalogs of the accredited schools will be done, using the 13 content areas required by COSMA to be covered, as a code for the content analysis. Courses will be sorted into content areas, and then analyzed based to see if there are any common themes or differences between …

Identifying Themes Among Broke Former Nfl Athletes, Shelby Christensen

Sport Management Undergraduate

The purpose of this research was to identify any potential variables that may predict the financial struggles of retired NFL athletes. It was important to validate previous research while determining new unidentified areas of concern. Available data of bankrupt and non-bankrupt former NFL (National Football League) athletes was collected to run the analysis. Results showed there were five significant predictors within the analysis. These variables could lead to more informative and useful retiree programs in and outside of the NFL.

Understanding Urban Development Through An Event Portfolio: A Case Study Of London, Ontario, Richelle Clark

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study investigates the underdeveloped area of event portfolios in an attempt to fill a gap in the existing literature. This study looks at the strategic positioning of events and the critical role they play in local development. In order to understand this, a case study design was performed in a small-medium scale city in Canada. The purpose of the study was to determine how the city has utilized events for broader local development and enhancing the civic brand. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with local city actors and document analysis were used to further understand the strategies within the …

Sec Football Away Game Consumption: The Roles Of Motives, Subcultural Identification, Contextual Dimensions And Destination Image In Sport Tourism, Robert Bruce Daniell

Doctoral Dissertations

The popularity of college football, specifically Southeastern Conference (SEC) football, is at an all-time high. Extant research analyzes consumer behavior in sport consumption settings; however, the away game sport tourist is often overlooked. Given the economic impacts associated with sport tourism, a deeper understanding of the college football sport tourist is desirable. This study utilized a research model grounded in social identity theory and motivation theory to examine the relationships among various sport consumption motives, subcultural identification, and destination image applied to SEC football away game sport tourists.

The results of the study indicate that SEC football away game sport …

Perceived Impacts Of Hosting A College Baseball Regional Or Super Regional: Student Perspective At Possible Host Institution, Marcus Trent Ozbun

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

College athletics is an ever growing industry, particularly the sports of football and basketball. Previous research in college athletics has tended to focus only on these two sports and their economic impacts, disregarding any Social or general negative impacts they may bring with them. The purpose of this study was to develop a deeper understanding of students' perceptions of Social, economic and general negative impacts associated with hosting a NCAA baseball regional or super regional on the host campus and community. Hosting NCAA postseason events on campus is rare for many universities, so it is important to study how students …

The Management Of A Home: An Analysis Of Nba Arena Management Trends, Brandon Lewis

Recreation, Parks, and Tourism Administration

Each NBA arena holds the key to the ultimate fan experience. In order for facility managers to make sure that the arena upholds that ultimate fan experience, it is critical for NBA teams to evaluate which management trends are being best utilized to create the best fan experience possible. The purpose of this study was to examine the trends in management of NBA arenas. Data were collected from the 30 National Basketball Association franchises and operators of the 29 NBA arenas. The instrument used consisted of a checklist and a section for written notes. Results from the study indicated that …