Business Commons^™

Beyond Beautiful*- Why Citizens Are Comparatively Happier, More Prosperous, More Peaceful, More Democratically Engaged And Less Selfish Living In Smaller States, Anthony Paul Buckley

Other

Half of all sovereign states in the world have a population of less than 6.2m (World Bank, 2014). The mainstream literature in most academic disciplines has chosen, by accident or design, to neglect the unique determinants of small state growth and development (Armstrong & Read, 2003; Read, 2014). These are extraordinary omissions when the collective evidence on the performance of smaller states on a wide range of economic, political, cultural and social indices is considered. Apart from the disproportionate representation that small states enjoy in the World Banks Upper-Middle and High Income categories, many small states also feature in the …

A Step In The Right Direction, Kyle Draper

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The Small Enterprise Education and Development (SEED) Program is a semester long internship through the Jon M. Huntsman School of Business. Through the program, students are able to travel abroad and "teach basic business and financial principles to local entrepreneurs ... to break the poverty cycle by teaching others to become self-reliant and improve their standard of living in a sustainable way"

Analyzing The Climate For Female Entrepreneurship In Spain And Chile, Hannah R. Reinbold

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

A Process Model On The Formation Of Multinational Stategic Alliances, Gregory Osland, Attila Yaprak

Gregory E. Osland

Dr. Gregory Osland's contribution to Refik Culpan (ed.), Multinational Strategic Alliances. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press.

Selecting International Modes Of Entry And Expansion, Gregory E. Osland, Charles R. Taylor, Shaoming Zou

Gregory E. Osland

Selecting a mode for entering or expanding in a foreign market is a crucial strategic decision for an international firm. This article identifies and compares the most influential factors that affect the international modes of entry and expansion decisions of US and Japanese firms. Using mail surveys, this is one of the first studies on this subject to collect data from top executives in both Japan and the USA. Findings reveal that the Japanese are particularly sensitive to external risk and other target market factors. For Americans, company factors, such as international experience, appear to be most important when selecting …

Performance Issues In U.S.–China Joint Ventures, Gregory E. Osland, S. Tamer Cavugsil

Gregory E. Osland

Based on an in-depth study of U.S.-China joint ventures, this article offers some insights into the performance of such international business relationships. While the conventional literature treats government as an amorphous aspea of the political-legal environment, in this case government is an active participant and influence in the performance of international joint ventures (UVs). It has both a constraining and enabling effect on LJV structure, strategy, and performance. For example, limits can be placed on ownership shares of joint ventures and on prices of the output. At the same time, government can cooperate with LJVs and foreign parent companies by …

"Doing Business In China: A Framework For Cross-Cultural Understanding, Gregory Osland

Gregory E. Osland

The process of doing business in The People′s Republic of China can be understood better and improved through a conceptual model that identifies and explains critical elements of their culture. An attempt is made to fill a gap in previous work by integrating anthropological and political theory, pertinent literature, and experience in the Chinese context. The model reveals the importance of understanding how communication occurs cross‐culturally through language, material objects, and non‐verbal behaviour. The critical role of interpersonal relationships in China is discussed, highlighting the important factors of guanxi, face, group orientation, and deference to age and authority. The …

The Experf Scale: A Cross-National Generalized Export Performance Measure, Shaoming Zou, Charles R. Taylor, Gregory E. Osland

Gregory E. Osland

A large number of studies have attempted to identify factors that are correlated with exporting success. However, much controversy exists about the key determinants of export performance and their relative importance. A major reason for this lack of consensus is the absence of a unified measure for capturing export performance. In this study, an attempt is made to develop a generalized export performance measure, the EXPERF scale, that can be applied to multiple countries. Results from a survey of top executives of U.S. and Japanese exporters support a three-dimensional scale for measuring export performance. The three dimensions of the export …

Successful Operating Strategies In The Performance Of U.S.-China Joint Ventures, Gregory E. Osland

Gregory E. Osland

Evaluations of the performance of international joint ventures (IJVs) in China have produced mixed conclusions. This study sought to uncover performance criteria used by various groups of managers and to identify critical factors in IJV performance in China. Using in-depth case studies, matched data were collected from personal interviews with managers from Chinese and U.S. parent companies, joint venture operating managers from both partners, and government officials from both countries. The performance criteria used by joint venture participants appear to be converging, with profitability emerging as the dominant element. This exploratory study uncovered four important strategic factors in the performance …

Foreign Market Entry Strategies Of Japanese Mncs, Charles R. Taylor, Shaoming Zou, Gregory E. Osland

Gregory E. Osland

While much prior research has focused on Japanese multi‐national corporations’ (MNCs) marketing strategies, little is known about the factors that influence Japanese MNCs’ foreign market entry mode choice. In this study, a survey of Japanese MNCs is conducted in order to assess the factors that are the most influential in the foreign market entry decisions of Japanese MNCs. Using bargaining power theory, eight factors are identified in the study. The findings indicate that five of the eight factors (stake of the host country, need for local contribution, riskiness of the host country, resource commitment, and host government restrictions) are significant …

Multinationals In China: Responding To Host Government Pressures, Ingmar Bjorkman, Gregory Osland

Gregory E. Osland

Government pressures are thought to influence multinational companies' strategies. This study analyzes central government pressures regarding MNCs in China since 1990, particularly the pressures concerning operational modes utilized by foreign companies investing in China. The methodology utilizes in-depth interviews of MNC executives and government officials from the United States, Scandinavia, and China. The results indicate that the Chinese government has ratcheted up the pressure on MNCs to produce and source locally and that some MNCs are facing intense pressure to lobby their own governments on behalf of China. This article also provides insights for managers into government workings and provides …

Benefits Of Foreign Ownership: Evidence From Foreign Direct Investment In China, Xiao Wang, Jian Wang

Economics & Finance Faculty Publications

To examine the effect of foreign direct investment, this paper compares the post-acquisition performance changes of foreign- and domestic-acquired firms in China. Unlike previous studies, we investigate the purified effect of foreign ownership by using domestic-acquired firms as the control group. After controlling for the acquisition effect that exists in domestic acquisitions, we find no evidence that foreign ownership can bring additional productivity gains to target firms, though both foreign and domestic acquisitions bring productivity improvements to target firms. In contrast, a strong and robust finding is that foreign ownership significantly improves target firms' financial conditions and exports relative to …

The Most Valuable Brands In The World, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

Interbrand’s 2015 list features tech companies that dominate by moving with customers at the “speed of life”

The Next Wave Of Globalisation, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

As consumption patterns shift away from OECD countries to the developing world, businesses need to leverage on technology to overcome last-mile delivery obstacles

Going Global: Factors Influencing U.S.-Based Smes’ International Market Access, Jayati Ghosh, Denise Lucy, Françoise Lepage

Denise Lucy

Globalization promotes vast business opportunities for trade, flow of capital, ideas, and people. In order to integrate into the global economy, countries tend to promote policies, which in turn, help to remove barriers to the flow of investment, goods, and services. While there is ample information describing how multinational corporations have benefited from globalization through greater access to international markets and investment, there is a need to identify ways to unburden small to medium-sized enterprises so that they can reach their potential in the global economy. Barriers vary across business sectors. However, there are fundamental impediments that prevail, in general. …

California's Contributions To The U.S. Export Profile, Denise M. Lucy, Françoise Lepage, Jayati Ghosh

Denise Lucy

Small to medium sized enterprises (SME) are the engine of the United States economy. And the world’s emerging economies offer great opportunities to expand. However, only 1% of U.S. SMEs engage in the international marketplace. Efforts at the national level to expand all U.S. exports, and especially those of SMEs, depend upon each state in the union to participate in this venture. As a key contributor to the U.S. economy, California’s and its vast majority of SMEs, play a key role in U.S. export profile. This paper describes the export landscape of the top five U.S. states, focusing on California’s …

Understanding The Impact Of The Global Economic Crisis On U.S. Smes' Trade Exports To Bric, Jayati Ghosh, Denise Lucy, Françoise Lepage

Denise Lucy

The global economy offers vast trade opportunities for U.S. businesses. United States’ SMEs are grossly under-represented in the global market. It is essential that U.S. SMEs adopt a global approach by expanding trade focus to include the emerging BRIC markets. Demographics and increasing purchasing power in the emerging countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) offer significant trade potential for U.S. SMEs export expansion. However, there are external and internal barriers to expanding beyond the NAFTA region. Free trade agreements reduce trade barriers, while creating opportunities for U.S. exports. Although US SMEs face their own set of challenges to …

Icao Aviation System Block Upgrades: A Method For Identifying Training Needs, Becky Lutte

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The ICAO launched the Aviation System Block Upgrades (ASBU) framework to support the modernization of global air navigation. The ASBU framework was designed to address the need for a globally interoperable system in an environment of increased traffic demand. In order to successfully implement the components of the ASBU, obstacles must be overcome. One primary area of concern is meeting the demand for properly trained personnel. The purpose of this research is to develop a method to identify the training needs associated with the implementation of the ASBU modules. This research will review the development and components of the ASBU …

Experimentation And Decentralization In China’S Labor Relations, Eli D. Friedman, Sarosh Kuruvilla

Sarosh Kuruvilla

In this introduction to the special issue ‘Changing work, labour and employment relations in China’, we argue that China is taking an experimental and decentralized approach to the development of new labor relations frameworks. Particular political constraints in China prevent interest aggregation among workers, as the central state sees this as posing a risk to social stability. Firms and local governments have been given a degree of space to experiment with different arrangements, as long as the categorical ban on independent unions is not violated. The consequence has been an increasingly differentiated labor relations landscape, with significant variation by region …

From The Firm To The Network: Global Value Chains And Employment Relations Theory, Tashlin Lakhani, Sarosh Kuruvilla, Ariel Avgar

Sarosh Kuruvilla

We posit that traditional employment relations theories that focus on individual firms embedded in distinct national institutional contexts are no longer adequate for the analysis of employment relations in a globalized era where production and services are increasingly coordinated across countries and firms. Building on Global Value Chain theory, we introduce a configurational framework that explicitly addresses the employment relations implications of the interconnections within and between firms in the global economy. We argue that different value chain configurations will evidence different employment relations patterns and we validate our framework by applying it to the study of three contemporary global …

A Mixed-Methods (Quantitative-Qualitative) Study To Identify The Perceived Level Of, Zeky Zardo

Dissertations

Different approaches to developing leaders have been established through various forms of self-assessment, action learning, and education and training activities (Smither et al., 2005). The existing body of research on the impact and success of college and university leadership development programs focuses heavily on undergraduate leadership programs and not graduate-level programs such as the Master of Business Administration (MBA) or the doctorate. The purpose of this mixed-methods (quantitative–qualitative) study was to identify the perceived level of transformational leadership skill development by students enrolled in a doctoral program in organizational leadership. In addition, it was the purpose of this study to …

The World Is Our Classroom

Business Exchange

Dean Ray Whittington discusses the global education opportunities DePaul provides in such countries as China, Qatar, Bahrain, the Philippines.

From Depaul To The World: Seeing Business From A Global Perspective

Business Exchange

Students and alumni reflect on the DePaul experiences that allowed them to gain a hands-on appreciation of what it means to do business in a global marketplace. DePaul's location in a world-class city, its growing base of international students, its study abroad programs and open-minded approach to course content has prepared alumni to be successful in international business in disciplines as diverse as risk management, product management, and leadership and entrepreneurial training.

From Ike To Obama: The Perpetual Pivot Of American Foreign Policy, Leslie Stubbs

Ex-Patt Magazine

America’s touted “Pivot to Asia” marks a rebalance of US foreign policy, but it’s hardly the first time America has shifted its international focus - What the Eisenhower administration can tell us about contemporary.

Secrets Of The Trade: The Facts Behind The Tpp And Why It’S Important For America’S Future, Travis Cady

Ex-Patt Magazine

The Tran-Pacific Partnership is one of the cornerstones of President Obama’s foreign policy. Find out what makes the deal so controversial and why it has the potential to shape America’s future in the Asia-Pacific.

Microlending In The Third World: Does It Work?, Caleb J. Childers

Senior Honors Theses

Microlending programs have recently been touted as a way to increase business development, equality, and income in impoverished nation (Yunus & Weber, 2007; Idris & Agbim, 2015); this confidence, however, may be misplaced. Research from inside these Third World nations is challenging the traditional thinking about what helps the poor succeed in other countries and how we can help; these studies call into question the efficacy of microlending and similar programs (Idris & Agbim, 2015; Banerjee et al., 2014; Yang & Stanley, 2012). In this paper, the effects of microloans in the Third World on income growth will be accessed …

Mexico Consensus Economic Forecast, Volume 18, Number 4, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr., Adam G. Walke

Border Region Modeling Project

No abstract provided.

Confirmation Bias In Individual-Level Perceptions Of Distance: An Experimental Investigation, Daniel Baack, Douglas Dow, Ronaldo Parente, Don Bacon

Douglas Dow

In this article we draw from social cognition theory to explore the influence of confirmation bias on perceptions of psychic distance. Despite the prominence of psychic distance, and other forms of distance, as potential predictor variables in international business research, very little work has been done exploring the factors and processes that shape a decision maker's perceptions of distance. We argue in this paper that social cognition theory can help fill that void. Specifically, we hypothesize that confirmation bias may influence managers’ processing of information concerning differences between cultures. Such a bias may cause managers to attend more to information …

National Innovation Systems And Multinational Corporations, Kyle S. Herman

Dr. Kyle S. Herman

Großbritannien: Noch Immer Heimat Des Neoliberalismus?, Ian Greer

Ian Greer

Großbritannien wurde zur Referenzgröße für neoliberale Reformen, und dies nicht nur aufgrund der Entwicklung unter Premierministerin Thatcher. Die Regierungen von New Labour (1997-2010) leiteten ebenfalls kontinuierlich Reformen ein, um die »Abhängigkeit vom Sozialstaat« zu bekämpfen. Damit hielten sie Großbritanniens Status als eine der am meisten ungleichen Gesellschaften Europas aufrecht. Der leichte wirtschaftliche Aufschwung führte dazu, dass die Erwerbslosenquote bei ungefähr acht Prozent verharrte, und eine neue Regierungskoalition von Konservativen und Liberaldemokraten verschärfte Kürzungen bei Sozialausgaben und kündigte Entlassungen im öffentlichen Sektor an, so dass eine weitere Verschlechterung der Lage zu erwarten ist.