Business Commons^™

Humane Society International’S Global Campaign To End Animal Testing, Troy Seidle

Troy Seidle, PhD

The Research & Toxicology Department of Humane Society International (HSI) operates a multifaceted and science-driven global programme aimed at ending the use of animals in toxicity testing and research. The key strategic objectives include: a) ending cosmetics animal testing worldwide, via the multinational Be Cruelty-Free campaign; b) achieving near-term reductions in animal testing requirements through revision of product sector regulations; and c) advancing humane science by exposing failing animal models of human disease and shifting science funding toward human biology-based research and testing tools fit for the 21st century. HSI was instrumental in ensuring the implementation of the March 2013 …

Aviation Internship Toolkit For The Next Generation Of Aviation Professionals, Lori J. Brown, James C. Fox

Lori Brown

On behalf of the Next Generation of Aviation Professionals (NGAP) Outreach partners, we would like to congratulate you on your first step toward building or improving a comprehensive, competitive internship program for your organization. Through internships and externships, a company can provide exciting work in aerospace and a rewarding learning experience for young professionals, who are the industry's future. Interns also will gain insight into the demands and tasks of the many roles, as well as the important internal and external interactions that make up the team. The power of internships as a first step to expose youth to careers …

Theories And Practices Of Islamic Finance And Exchange Laws: Poverty Of Interest, Ahmed E. Souaiaia

Ahmed E SOUAIAIA

Satisfaction With Airline Service Quality: Familiarity Breeds Contempt, Tamilla Curtis, Dawna Rhoades, Blaise Waguespack

Dr. Tamilla Curtis

The objective of this study is to investigate frequency-of-flight issues and the differences between frequent and non-frequent flyers’ levels of satisfaction and the importance attributed to overall airline service quality and select attributes. The results indicate that the level of satisfaction with overall airline quality and select attributes decrease the more passengers fly. Conversely, the level of importance attributed to airline amenities increased with flight frequency. Perceptions of airline quality may vary between different nationalities and different socioeconomic groups. Differences between the short- and long-haul flights, as well as domestic and international services could also exist. Airline managers need to …

Regional Jet Aircraft Competitiveness: Challenges And Opportunities, Tamilla Curtis, Dawna Rhoades, Blaise Waguespack

Dr. Tamilla Curtis

The regional jet aircraft is a unique market niche. Particularly suitable for providing capacity in the 30 to 90 seat range, these jets are often used to connect smaller airports to network carrier hubs, as well as to fill in during slow periods. The market is currently dominated by two manufacturers: Brazil's Embraer and Canada's Bombardier. Due to the nature of the global aircraft industry, Embraer and Bombardier are largely dependent on the international sale of their aircraft for steady revenue streams. Orders and deliveries of aircraft with fewer than 100 seats have grown rapidly over the past ten years. …

How High Will Russian Aviation Fly?, Tamilla Curtis, Irina Swenson

Dr. Tamilla Curtis

The study provides the historical context of the Russian aviation industry reflecting the periods of its growth and decline. It reveals the competitive advantage strategies that have been implemented by the Russian government in an attempt to revivify an enfeebled nation's aeronautic industry. The paper discusses the newly formed Joint Stock Company (JSC) United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) and its strategies to break into global markets, including UAC innovative product offerings. Whether or not, the recent efforts of the Russian government serve as a fulcrum for the Russian aviation industry that will leverage Russia into the global market, remains to be …

The Challenge Of Intervention To Monetarily Support Or Not Support The National Airline Carriers: A Case Of The Airline Industry In Eastern Europe, Dawna L. Rhoades, Tamilla Curtis

Dr. Tamilla Curtis

The airline industry has been considered a special case in national and international business virtually since its beginning. Because of this status, national governments have repeatedly intervened to support national carriers in order to prevent bankruptcy and failure. The nations of Eastern Europe are no exception to this rule and are currently considering additional intervention to support their carriers. This paper explores the rationale for intervention, particularly the suggested economic impact, using traffic and financial information from the Flightglobal database. The conclusion is that the case for intervention is weak at best and that the results may not justify the …

Crm In Russia And U.S. -- Case Study From American Financial Service Industry, Tamilla Curtis, Tom Griffin, Donald Barrere

Dr. Tamilla Curtis

This paper discusses Customer Relationship Management in two sharply contrasting business cultures: the United States and Russia. Included in the present work is a case study of a midsized American financial services firm that illustrates a common path to the decision to have a CRM system: the planning, selection, and the implementation of the CRM program, including a discussion of the likelihood of success. The clients in this case are Financial Advisors, who in turn sell the investment products to the end user individual investors. CRM in Russia is yet in its infancy as the economy emerges from 200 years …

Corporate Brand Management In Higher Education: The Case Of Erau, Tamilla Curtis, Russell Abratt, William Minor

Dr. Tamilla Curtis

There is evidence in the literature that organizations struggle to formulate and implement their corporate branding strategies. This paper aims to provide an overview of the corporate brand building process in higher education. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative methodology was used in this study. A single case study of a private American university was used to gather information about their corporate brand building process. University administrators and documents were used to gain insights into their brand building process. Findings – The corporate brand building process addressed three key areas; web administration, program marketing and corporate brand positioning. The corporate brand building …

Entrepreneurial Burnout: Exploring Antecedents, Dimensions And Outcomes, C. David Shepherd, Gaia Marchisio, Sussie Morrish, Jonathan Deacon, Morgan Miles

Gaia Marchisio

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conceptually and empirically explore the antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial burnout – that is burnout related to the process of discovery or creation of attractive economic opportunities, the assessment of these opportunities, and the decision on the exploitation of opportunities. Design/methodology/approach – This study is a survey of entrepreneurs in New Zealand who were alumni of a university sponsored executive development course for owner-managers of small- and medium-sized enterprises. Findings – It is found that role stress is positively related to burnout and that burnout has a negative impact on organizational …

Cross-Border Shopping: A Research Proposal For A Comparison Of Service Encounters Of Canadian Cross-Border Shoppers Versus Canadian Domestic In-Shoppers, Brian A. Zinser, Gary J. Brunswick

Brian A Zinser

The phenomenon known as out-shopping behavior (also known as intermarket patronage) is further explored and analyzed within the context of international cross-border consumer behavior. The authors provide an extensive literature review and a set of research hypotheses, as well as a suggested research methodology, and argue that this research will allow for significant contributions to the literature on out-shopping, international cross-border shopping, and services marketing.

Con El Euro, Sin El Euro... ¿O Contra El Euro?, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

The name 'euro' was officially adopted on 16 December 1995. The 'euro' was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1:1 (US$1.1743). Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002, making it the day-to-day operating currency of its original members.

LINK: http://fliphtml5.com/zxub/sjvx/basic

A Typology Of Plants In Global Manufacturing Networks, Ann Vereecke, Roland Van Dierdonck, Arnoud De Meyer

Arnoud DE MEYER

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new, empirically derived typology of plants in the international manufacturing network of multinational companies. This typology is based on the knowledge flows between the plants. In our research, network analysis has been used as a methodology for understanding the position of plants in international manufacturing networks. The focus has been primarily on the intangible knowledge network, and secondarily on the physical, logistic network. Our analysis leads to four types of plants with different network roles: the isolated plants, the receivers, the hosting network players, and the active network players. Our analysis …

The Impact Of Political Events On Financial Market Volatility: Evidence Using A Markov Switching Process, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru

Gulasekaran Rajaguru

This paper investigates the impact of political shocks (positive and negative) on financial markets. Using data from Pakistan for the period January 1999 to September 2006, we link ‘a’ political event to the financial market volatility. We use high frequency data from three indicators (currency, stock and money market) of the financial market for empirical estimation. We employ a Markov Switching process to identify the low and high volatility regimes in Pakistan’s financial market and then link these regimes to certain political events. We use data on daily observations of exchange rates, stock prices and interest rates to perform empirical …

Market Development For Fixed Income Securities: The Role Of Socio-Economic And Institutional Factors, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru

Gulasekaran Rajaguru

It is well understood that bond markets play an important role in the development of the overall financial sector. Bond markets also help to make efficient investment and financing decisions, to improve efficiency in the design and implementation of monetary policy, provide financial stability by mitigating rollover risk and interest rate risk for the borrowers, provide an alternative source of finance to firms and thus reduce the monopoly of the banking sector. Given the importance of this market, this paper aims to investigate the factors that may be important for developing a market for domestic bonds. First, we discuss the …

Income Volatility Of Indonesian Banks After The Asian Financial Crisis, Barry Williams

Barry Williams

This paper considers the factors that determine Indonesian bank risk both before and after the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC). In the pre-AFC period, bank capital holdings are positively associated with bank revenue risk, which is attributed to a combination of regulatory laxity as well as laxity of enforcement. In the post-AFC period, capital is found to reduce bank risk in a non-linear manner. Franchise value is associated with lower bank risk, but in a non-linear manner; low levels of franchise value are associated with increased bank risk, while higher levels of franchise value result in lower bank risk. It is …

A Strategic Management Approach To Guanxi In China, Xiaowen Tian, Moxi Song, Ran Tian

Xiaowen Tian

This article adopts a strategic management approach to addressing the issue of how to achieve both corporate profitability and corporate social responsibility in dealing with Guanxi in the Chinese business context. It argues that environment scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation and control should be the key components of strategic management of Guanxi. The article proposes a practical framework for managing Guanxi strategically in the emerging China market, and illustrates the framework with cases in the real world.

International Business Research Amid Accelerated Globalisation: An Editorial, Xiaowen Tian

Xiaowen Tian

Extract

The landscape of global business has changed dramatically since the 1980’s and the market competition has now become truly global with the rise of emerging market countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. Competing in the rapidly changing global business environment, companies face new challenges and have to deal with a wide range of emerging issues that they either have not experienced or have not paid attention to before.

The special issue of the Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development includes six papers that discuss the issues faced by companies in accelerated globalisation today. In the editorial, …

Socially Responsible Foreign Direct Investment: A Challenge To Tncs In Emerging Markets, Xiaowen Tian, Moxi Song, Ran Tian

Xiaowen Tian

A widening gap between the rich and the poor is found in most, if not all, emerging market countries that have recently opened up to FDI and is threatening the sustainability of economic progress in these countries. The study finds strong evidence that FDI contributes to the widening gap between rich and poor regions through negative productivity spillovers in the largest emerging market of China, and provides some theoretical explanations. The study discusses implications of the findings for transnational corporations in making socially responsible investment and for emerging market countries in attracting foreign investors to poor regions.

Introduction, Noel Gaston, Ahmed M. Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

Extract: Globalization is very much part of the modern vernacular. Arguably, it was first used by McLuhan and Fiore (1968) when they introduced the concept of the ‘global village’. Globalization is characterized by the growth of the international trade of goods and services, the growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) as well as the political and social linkages that accompany growing economic integration. Outwardly, the driving forces seem to be the decline in administrative barriers to trade, sharp falls in the costs of transportation and communication, fragmentation of production processes and the development in information and communication technologies (ICT). Arguably, …

Post-Keynesian Money Endogeneity Evidence In G-7 Economics, Zatul Badarudin, Mohamed Ariff, Ahmed Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

This study is a methodological evaluation of studies on importance and performance measurement, and importance–performance analysis (IPA) which has gained widespread acceptance in the hospitality and tourism research. A synthesis of IPA literature on conceptual and measurement issues is presented with a view to identifying and mitigating potential validity concerns.

Trade Liberalisation And Growth: A Threshold Expectation, Rod Falvey, Neil Foster-Mcgregor, Ahmed Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

Openness and trade liberalisation variables are consistently estimated to have significant positive coefficients in panel growth regressions. Many arguments have been advanced as to why and how more open or liberalised economies might grow faster, but the specific channels this process uses have begun to be investigated only recently. We continue these efforts by including a variable identifying the date of trade liberalisation in a system of equations that captures the determinants of growth in per capita income. Four ‘channels’ are considered: capital formation, the share of government, the economy’s openness to trade and its price distortions. We include the …

Trade Liberalisation, Economic Crises And Growth, Rodney Falvey, Neil Foster, David Greenaway

Rodney Falvey

Many economic reforms are undertaken at a time of economic crisis. But is this a good time for a country to undertake trade reform? In this paper we investigate whether an economic crisis at the time of trade liberalisation affects a country’s subsequent growth performance. We employ threshold regression techniques on five crisis indicators commonly used in the literature, to identify the relevant “crisis values” and to estimate the differential postliberalisation growth effects in the crisis and non-crisis regimes. We find that the magnitude of the acceleration in postliberalisation growth depends on the characteristics of the crisis. Although trade liberalisation …

Quantifying Foreign Direct Investment Productivity Spillovers In China: A Computable General Equilibrium Model., Ziliang Deng, Rod Falvey, Adam Blake

Rodney Falvey

For the purposes of this study, we will construct a static monopolisticallycompetitive computable general equilibrium model to quantify the endogenous productivity spillovers from foreign and domestic firms, using the Chinese economy as a case study. Our simulation results indicate: (i) that the net spillover effects are positive in terms of national total output, GDP and welfare; (ii) that both state-owned and privately-owned firms benefit, but that private firms benefit more; (iii) that industries with large volumes of foreign direct investment (FDI) do not necessarily observe the largest spillover effects; and (iv) that the spillover effects become more prominent when the …

Trade Liberalisation And Growth: A Threshold Expectation, Rod Falvey, Neil Foster-Mcgregor, Ahmed Khalid

Rodney Falvey

Openness and trade liberalisation variables are consistently estimated to have significant positive coefficients in panel growth regressions. Many arguments have been advanced as to why and how more open or liberalised economies might grow faster, but the specific channels this process uses have begun to be investigated only recently. We continue these efforts by including a variable identifying the date of trade liberalisation in a system of equations that captures the determinants of growth in per capita income. Four ‘channels’ are considered: capital formation, the share of government, the economy’s openness to trade and its price distortions. We include the …

Refocusing The Lens: Singapore's Private Enterprises In China, Caroline Yeoh, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Ye Zhang

Caroline Yeoh

In recent years, financial and political instabilities have cooled economic growth in many regions. Even in this context, however, areas of strong growth remain; none, arguably, more prominent than ever-developing and increasingly affluent China, which is today a vastly different environment than even several years ago. More than ever, a wealth of opportunity subsists in this ancient land – and businesses must be able to adapt and seize these opportunities. Thus we turn towards Singapore private enterprise in China, to study once more the efficacy of the city-state's internationalization strategies in the context of the private enterprises which must eventually …

2014 U.S. Fashion Industry Bechmarking Study, Sheng Lu

Sheng Lu

In collaboration with the US Fashion Industry Association, the study is based on a comprehensive survey of 29 executives at leading US fashion brands, retailers, importers, and wholesalers. The study reveals the latest industry outlook, sourcing practices and viewpoints on trade policy of the US fashion industry.

Multinational R&D In China: Differentiation And Integration Of Global R&D Networks, Jian Wang, Zheng Liang, Lan Xue

Jian Wang

China's Regulatory Framework For Outward Foreign Direct Investment, Karl P. Sauvant, Victor Zitian Chen

Karl P. Sauvant

Perceptions Versus National-Level Differences: A Mediating Model Of Psychic Distance, Douglas Dow, Lars Håkanson, Bjorn Ambos

Douglas Dow

No abstract provided.