Business Commons^™

Apple: Global Ethics And Transformational Leadership, Bisma Ahmed

Journal of Global Awareness

Apple Inc. is an American technological company that designs, manufactures, and sells various products such as laptops, phones, accessories, streaming services, licensing services, and so much more. The paper explores the corporate responsibility and unethical business practices that arise from the global sourcing of Apple’s products. The company established many relationships with suppliers in East Asia to meet the rigorous demands of consumers, promising high-quality products at the expense of factory workers. However, global sourcing comes with unethical business practices. There have been various cases against Apple’s suppliers. This research highlights unfair working conditions, overworking employees, and environmental pollution that …

A Tool-Kit For Ethics Self-Assessment (Esa), Anna Karmanska

Journal of Global Awareness

The primary objective of this article is to present the concept of the original tool Tool-Kit for Ethics Self-Assessment (ESA), which was created to strengthen ethical values important in human conduct not only in the area of business but also in other fields of human activities.

The text includes a reflection on the search for a universal set of ethical values, a presentation of the context important for undertaking the related initiatives following “An Appeal for a Global Ethics Framework & A Tool-Kit for Ethics Self-Assessment,” a general description of the process of creating and characterizing the …

The Rise Of Environmental, Social And Corporate Governance Disclosures In The United States And Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence In Europe: Implications For U.S. Lawyers, Marie-Claude Jean-Baptiste

Global Business Law Review

Over the past decade, due in part to the devastating impact of the global financial crisis of 2008 and growing awareness of climate change, the world witnessed increasing interest on the part of society in general, and investors in particular, for responsible business. “Responsible business” is the concept that business should be conducted in a way that 1) does not violate fundamental rights of the people affected by the business activity; 2) does not exacerbate environmental harm; and 3) complies with basic principles of good governance. Society’s interest in responsible business has been reflected in growing pressure on businesses to …

The Perceived Ethics Of Artificial Intelligence, Ross Murray

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being used by millions of consumers in their daily lives. Although this technology is providing convenience, information, and instant gratification the underlying moral framework that AI uses remains largely unknown to the consumers of the technology. Two of the mostly widely used moral approaches (deontology and teleology), and their implications for AI, are discussed. The context of chatbots that use AI is examined, specifically exploring Amazon’s Alexa. The context illustrates the issue of the latent moral frameworks that AI technologies use when interacting with consumers or the environment. Although AI holds the promise of many potential …

Collared—A Film Case Study About Insider Trading And Ethics, Garrick Apollon

St. Mary's Journal on Legal Malpractice & Ethics

This Article discusses the visual legal advocacy documentary film, Collared, by Garrick Apollon (author of this Article). Collared premiered in fall 2018 to a sold-out audience at the Hot Docs Cinema in Toronto for the Hot Docs for Continuing Professional Education edutainment initiative. Collared features the story and reveals the testimony of a convicted ex-insider trader who is still struggling with the tragic consequences of “the most prolonged insider trading scheme ever discovered by American and Canadian securities investigators.” The intimate insights shared by former lawyer and reformed white-collar criminal, Joseph Grmovsek, serves as a painful reminder of the …

The Urgency Of Ethics In Political Leadership, President Vicente Fox

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

Ethics Advising A Wells Fargo Whistleblower: A Story Of Early Wrongdoing, Thomas Creely

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

My Country, Right Or Wrong: If The Cause Is Just, Is Anything Allowed?, David Whetham

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

The Ethics Of Humor: Can't You Take A Joke?, Steve Gimbel

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

International Ethical Leadership: The Power Of Diversity In Ethics, Dorothy J. Maver, Heidi S. West

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

Reflections On Courage (And Other Virtues): A Dialogue Between Ethics And Moral Psychology, Martin L. Cook

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

Ethics, Money, And The Healing Relationship, Edward Tick

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

Connecting Ethics To Engineering Through Conflict Minerals, James D. Mcguffin-Cawley

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership

No abstract provided.

Divorcing Your Job French Style: An Argument To End At Will Employment In The United States, Vincent Agnello, Nicole Stolowy, Joseph F. Winter

Journal of Vincentian Social Action

The United States and France are at opposite ends of the spectrum in protecting employees from employment termination. France has developed an elaborate regulatory and judicial scheme to protect workers, while the U.S. still allows workers to be in an at will relationship with their employers. In France employment is deemed to be permanent. In the U.S., workers are employed at the whim of their employer. In a major shift of policy, France adopted legislation allowing parties to enter into voluntary employment separation agreements. To protect against abuse, all settlement agreements are subject to court review for approval of the …

When Making Money Is More Important Than Saving Lives: Revisiting The Ford Pinto Case, Stuart Strother

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Despite a long tradition of ethics training in business colleges, managers commonly make unethical business decisions. This paper reports a five-year study of ethical decision making of business students (n = 192). In an undergraduate microeconomics course, students were presented with financial data from the infamous Ford Pinto case where defective engineering, coupled with unethical management behavior, resulted in a number of fiery fatalities. Facing the decision to repair the cars or pay the estimated costs of lost wrongful death lawsuits, 56.8% of students chose to pay for the deaths. This paper describes the classroom experiment and uses logistic …

The Wall Street Gap: A Theoretical Analysis Of Company Valuation Discrepancy, Peter Twomey

Undergraduate Economic Review

Examination of prior research suggests that affiliated sell-side analysts are subject to conflicts of interest that cause them to issue optimistically biased stock recommendations for investment banking clients. Using a sample of public technology companies, I find that analysts have a theoretical discrepancy of up to 26% when valuing companies using a discounted cash flow model, and a 19-22% theoretical discrepancy when using comparable company analysis. I showcase how conventional valuation methodologies can allow sell-side analysts significant leeway that can be used to further unethical agendas and draw conclusions around the usefulness of regulatory intervention in the financial services industry.

The Pr Of Csr For The Casino Industry: A Review Of Challenging Corporate Social Responsibility: Lessons For Public Relations From The Casino Industry, Andrew B. Gustafson

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

This is a review of Jessalynn Strauss' recent book, Challenging Corporate Social Responsibility: Lessons for Public Relations from the Casino Industry. Through an analysis of Casino’s CSR practices, Strauss raises some serious concerns about this alignment between CSR and PR, and provides reasons to doubt whether SCR done for strategic bottom line interests rather than purely ethical reasons will consistently accomplish what the casinos set out to achieve.

After The Crash: Examining Pedagogical Approaches To Teaching Business Ethics, Colette Murphy, Dr. Noel Murray

Irish Business Journal

Research has shown that business students are less ethical than students in other disciplines (Segal et al., 2011), which is a worrying finding, considering that unethical business practices are seen as a major feature leading to the world economic recession in 2008. However, business schools across the globe have consistently taught the subject of ethics in order to instil an ethical mind-set in their graduates. The way business ethics is embedded in the curriculum has been the subject of much debate, with a range of pedagogical approaches taken. This paper examines the current teaching of ethics, by examining two business …

The Impact Of Ethical Concerns On Fashion Consumerism: A Review, Lena Cavusoglu, Mourad Dakhli

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

Ethical and sustainable business practices have become some of the most significant concerns in the highly globalized fashion industry. Firms in this multi-billion dollar industry are taking these concerns seriously, and are carefully monitoring and responding to consumers’ actions that can range from expressing displeasure via social media to holding protests or even calling for boycotts of certain brands and firms. In this paper, the first output from a larger project on ethics of fashion, we review the extant literature on the ethical aspects of the global fashion system; and set the stage for further empirical and conceptual work.

Ethics And Market Economic System: A General Review And A Survey, Reza G. Hamzaee

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

Recent global recession has motivated this predominantly historical and exploratory research of thoughts and perceptions. A continuous planning of governmental correction of any market failure, such as various types of externalities and information asymmetry, has been strongly recommended by the pioneers of free enterprise systems. Capitalism—in which private ownership of means of production, physical capital, human capital, financial capital, brand-name capital, social capital, land, and mineral deposits are all protected by law without implementation of a series of certain evolving ethical standards and principles—may not continue to be the same efficient system as implied to be by the cost-benefit balancing …

Artificial Agents, Cloud Computing, And Quantum Computing: Applying Floridi’S Method Of Levels Of Abstraction, Marty J. Wolf, Frances Grodzinsky, Keith W. Miller

School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications

In his paper “On the Intrinsic Value of Information Objects and the Infosphere,” Luciano Floridi asserts that the goal of Information Ethics (IE) “is to fill an ‘ethical vacuum’ brought to light by the ICT revolution, to paraphrase Moor” (1985). He claims “IE will prove its value only if its applications bear fruit. This is the work that needs to be done in the near future” (Floridi 2002). Our chapter proposes to do part of that work. Initially we focus on Floridi’s Method of Levels of Abstraction (LoA). We begin by examining his methodology as it was first developed with …

Hotel Managers Identify Ethical Problems: A Survey Of Their Concerns, Betsy Stevens

Hospitality Review

This study identified and examined the concerns of hotel general managers regarding ethics in the hospitality industry. Thirty-five managers were interviewed during and immediately following the economic recession to determine which ethical issues in the hotel industry and at their own properties concerned them the most. Results showed that more people and organizations attempted to renegotiate hotel rates, which actions, in turn, led to some lapses in ethical behavior. Managers said that because of the economic downturn, they felt pressure from both private owners and corporate headquarters. They also said a lack of work ethic, low motivation, and low pay …

Understanding New Hampshire’S Rule 4.2 As Applied To Corporate Litigants: An Explanation And Suggestions For Improvement, Heather Menezes

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “Consider this scenario: an attorney represents a client in litigation against a corporation. The attorney gets a call from an employee of that corporation and the employee says, “Everything in your complaint is absolutely correct.” However excited the attorney is to speak with this person, the Rules of Professional Conduct constrain whom the attorney can talk to if a corporation is involved in the pending litigation. In New Hampshire, any attorney can quickly find that Rule 4.2 prohibits contact with a represented party.1 But is this corporate employee a represented party? Even after reading the comment to the rule …

Ethical Reflections On Cyberstalking, Frances Grodzinsky, Herman T. Tavani

School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications

This essay examines some ethical aspects of stalking behavior in cyberspace. We have argued elsewhere that recent online stalking incidents raise a wide range of ethical concerns, including issues affecting gender (Grodzinsky and Tavani, 2001), personal privacy (Tavani and Grodzinsky, 2002), and physical vs. virtual harm (Grodzinsky and Tavani, 2002). The primary axis of discussion in this essay has to do with implications that cyberstalking has for our notion of moral responsibility, both at the collective (or group) and individual levels. For example, do collectivities and organizations such as Internet service providers (ISPs) have any moral obligations to cyberstalking victims, …

Some Ethical Reflections On Cyberstalking, Frances Grodzinsky, Herman T. Tavani

School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications

The present study examines a range of moral issues associated with recent cyberstalking cases. Particular attention is centered on the Amy Boyer/ Liam Youens case of cyberstalking, which raises a host of considerations that we believe have a significant impact for ethical behavior on the Internet. Among the questions we consider are those having to do with personal privacy and the use of certain kinds of Internet search facilities to stalk individuals in cyberspace. Also considered are questions having to do with legal liability and (possible) moral responsibility that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have for stalking crimes that occur in …

Trends. Correct Political Incorrectness: Can Germans Be Right About Jews?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses former Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl's analogy, which compared boycotts of his fundraising campaign to pay for fines incurred on his political party because of his illegal and illicit fund-raising initiatives to Nazi-era boycotts of Jewish shops.

Ethics In Government: The Cornerstone Of Public Trust, Archibald Cox

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Book Review, Mitchell M. Simon

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of the book Codes of Professional Responsibility (Rena A. Gorlin, ed., BNA Books, 1990). This 555 page book includes 43 codes of conduct promulgated by the major professional associations in business, health, and law. Each code is preceded by a brief description of the relevant association, including its address and phone number, and information relating to implementation and enforcement. The book concludes with three helpful resource lists including: first, research centers, educational programs and governmental bodies dealing with ethical issues; second, journals and periodical services; and, third, bibliographies, databases and libraries with special ethics collections. The resource sections and …