Business Commons^™

To Change Or Not To Change: How Regulatory Focus Affects Change In Dyadic Decision-Making, Jelena Spanjol, Leona Tam

Leona Tam

Successful innovation requires teams to embrace and enact change. However, team members often differ in their preferences for change. We examine how regulatory focus affects dyadic teams’ tendencies to enact change across an array of repeated brand management decisions. Understanding such tendencies is important, since the innovation process is characterized by a series of investment decisions typically made by teams, yet prone to significant biases. Regulatory focus theory provides a framework for understanding the dominant motivations driving decision-making during goal pursuit. It argues that individuals operate under either a promotion or prevention focus, influencing preferences for stability vs. change. We …

Third Party Access And Refusal To Deal In European Energy Networks: How Sector Regulation And Competition Law Meet Each Other, Michael Diathesopoulos

Michael Diathesopoulos

In this paper, we will analyse the issue of concurrence between competition and sector rules and the relation between parallel concepts within the two different legal frameworks. We will firstly examine Third Party Access in relation to essential facilities doctrine and refusal of access and we will identify the common points and objectives of these concepts and the extent to which they provide a context to each other’s implementation. Second, we will focus on how Commission uses sector regulation and objectives as a context within the process of implementation of competition law in the energy sector and third, we will …

Research For Management Policy, Shyam Sunder

Shyam Sunder

No abstract provided.

The Great Academic-Practitioner Divide: A Tale Of Two Paradigms, D. Mcnatt, Myron Glassman, Aaron Glassman

D. Brian McNatt

For decades, many academicians have expressed concern about the gap between themselves and practitioners. In those decades, much has been written about the probable causes of and methods for narrowing this gap. Despite the dialog and the efforts to narrow it, the gap remains. This paper explores four assumptions related to the gap. We use paradigm theory to examine the "academic world" and the "practitioner world" and to explain how the separate worlds perpetuate the gap. We then propose that academicians either accept the gap or legitimize the pracademic viewpoint. a paradigm that reconciles the differences between the academic and …

The Effectiveness Of Virtual R&D Teams In Smes: Experiences Of Malaysian Smes, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Salwa Hanim Abdul Rashid, Zahari Taha

Nader Ale Ebrahim

The number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially those involved with research and development (R&D) programs and employed virtual teams to create the greatest competitive advantage from limited labor are increasing. Global and localized virtual R&D teams are believed to have a high potential for SMEs growth. Due to the fast growing complexity of the new product, coupled with new emerging opportunities of virtual teams, a collaborative approach is believed to be the future trend. This research explores the effectiveness of virtuality in SMEs virtual R&D teams. An online questionnaire emailed to Malaysian manufacturing SMEs and 74 usable questionnaires …

Virtual R&D Teams: A Potential Growth Of Education-Industry Collaboration, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Salwa Hanim Abdul Rashid, Zahari Taha

Nader Ale Ebrahim

In this paper, we present our more than two years research experiences on virtual R&D teams in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and draws conclusions, giving special attention to the structure of virtual teams required to support education-industry collaboration. We report the relevant results of an online survey study. The online questionnaire was emailed by using a simple random sampling method to 947 manufacturing SMEs. The findings of this study show that SMEs in Malaysia and Iran are willing to use virtual teams for collaboration and the platform for industry-education collaboration is ready and distance between team members or differences …

Investigating The Roles, Responsibilities And Practices Of Portfolio Managers In Australia: A Literature Review And Research Outline, Aileen Koh

Aileen Koh

Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is increasingly adopted by organizations in Australia. In order to select, prioritize and monitor simultaneous on-going projects with limited resources, there is a need for PPM to optimize investment by utilising a PPM governance structure to deal with constant change and focus on achievement of organizational strategy. This is particularly relevant in order to build on national and global recovery. PPM, due to its ambiguity and complexity, brings a great challenge for the portfolio manager to manage its processes, people and practices. However, literature indicates that PPM practices vary and need to be adapted to organizational …

Memorandum On Design-Oriented Information Systems Research, Hubert Oesterle, Joerg Becker, Ulrich Frank, Thomas Hess, Dimitris Karagiannis, Helmut Krcmar, Peter Loos, Peter Mertens, Andreas Oberweis, Elmar J. Sinz

Hubert Oesterle

Information Systems Research (Wirtschaftsinformatik) basically follows two research approaches: the behavioristic approach and the design-oriented approach. In this memorandum, 10 authors propose principles of design-oriented information systems research. Moreover, the memorandum is supported by 111 full professors from the German-speaking scientific community, who with their signature advocate the principles specified therein.

Measuring Bad Leadership In Organisations, James Shaw, Anthony Erickson

James B Shaw

This study describes the development of a measure of the nature of bad leadership in organisations. We then use scales developed from that measure in cluster analysis to empirically derive a taxonomy of bad leaders. Data were obtained through a web-based survey that generated 717 respondents. Based on follower perceptions, the results identified seven types of bad leaders based on behaviour-focused scales and seven types of bad leaders identified were not "all bad" but rather perceived as extreme on just one or two characteristics.

Can Leaders Step Outside Of The Gender Box? An Examination Of Leadership And Gender Role Stereotypes, Margaret Y. Padgett, Craig B. Caldwell, Andrew Embry

Craig B. Caldwell

This study examined gender stereotypes for leaders using a more indirect method than is typical in stereotype research. Rather than reveal the leader's gender, this study used vignettes in which the leader's gender was unknown. Consistent with their hypothesis, the authors found that participants were more likely to infer a male (female) gender identity than a female (male) gender identity when presented with a leader using a masculine (feminine) style. They also hypothesized that a leader using a gender-consistent leadership style would be viewed more positively than a leader using a gender-inconsistent style. Contrary to this hypothesis, results revealed that …

Can Leaders Step Outside Of The Gender Box? An Examination Of Leadership And Gender Role Stereotypes, Margaret Padgett, Craig Caldwell, Andrew Embry

Margaret Y. Padgett

This study examined gender stereotypes for leaders using a more indirect method than is typical in stereotype research. Rather than reveal the leader's gender, this study used vignettes in which the leader's gender was unknown. Consistent with their hypothesis, the authors found that participants were more likely to infer a male (female) gender identity than a female (male) gender identity when presented with a leader using a masculine (feminine) style. They also hypothesized that a leader using a gender-consistent leadership style would be viewed more positively than a leader using a gender-inconsistent style. Contrary to this hypothesis, results revealed that …

Management-Based Regulation: Prescribing Private Management To Achieve Public Goals, Cary Coglianese, David Lazer

David Lazer

We analyze a little-studied regulatory approach that we call "management-based" regulation. Management-based regulation directs regulated organizations to engage in a planning process that aims toward the achievement of public goals, offering firms flexibility in how they achieve public goals. In this paper we develop a framework for assessing conditions for using management-based regulation as opposed to the more traditional technology-based or performance-based regulation. Drawing on case studies of management-based regulation in the areas of food safety, industrial safety, and environmental protection, we show how management-based regulation can be an effective strategy when regulated entities are heterogeneous and regulatory outputs are …

Leadership Lessons From The Chilean Mine, Terri Scandura

Terri A. Scandura

No abstract provided.

Core Values In Hospitals: A Comparative Study, James Belohlav

James A. Belohlav

No abstract provided.

Teams That Cook, Stuart Wasilowski

Stuart Wasilowski

No abstract provided.

Benefits Of Training, Stuart Wasilowski

Stuart Wasilowski

No abstract provided.

Asian Practices Can Get Lost In Translation, Carol Gill

Carol Gill

From Nissan we learn that organisational culture can become independent of the influences of national culture with effective leadership.

A Framework For Leadership Development, George Hrivnak, Rebecca Reichard, Ronald Riggio

George Hrivnak

Despite the tremendous amount of time, money, and energy spent by practitioners and scholars alike to understand, promote, and facilitate effective leadership development, the field is still far from fully understanding what is often regarded as both art and science. That is not to suggest, however, that the field's efforts have failed to result in substantial progress. Indeed, after defining some salient concepts and the overall scope of this chapter, we review some of the major theoretical and empirical advances in leadership development. Furthermore, the trends and 'best practices' dominant in today's organizations in leadership development are then summarized and …

Selection For Service And Sales Jobs, John P. Hausknecht, Angela M. Langevin

John Hausknecht

[Excerpt] This chapter provides a review of selection research for service and sales occupations and is organized into three major sections. First, we describe the nature of service and sales work and define the competencies that underlie success in these jobs. Second, we summarize past research concerning the methods that have been used to select service and sales employees with attention to issues of validity, applicant reactions, and adverse impact. Finally, we discuss the implications of this body of work for practice and future research, highlighting several important but often overlooked issues concerning selection system design for this critical segment …

Why High And Low Performers Leave And What They Find Elsewhere: Job Performance Effects On Employment Transitions, Charlie Trevor , John Hausknecht , Michael Howard

John Hausknecht

Little is known about how high and low performers differ in terms of why they leave their jobs, and no work examines whether pre-quit job performance matters for post-quit new-job outcomes. Working with a sample of approximately 2,500 former employees of an organization in the leisure and hospitality industry, we find that the reported importance of a variety of quit reasons differs both across and within performance levels. Additionally, we use an ease-of-movement perspective to predict how pre-quit performance relates to post-quit employment, new-job pay, and new-job advancement opportunity. Job type, tenure, and race interacted with performance in predicting new-job …

Ilr Impact Brief - Deconstructing Absenteeism: Satisfaction, Commitment, And Unemployment, John Hausknecht, Nathan J. Hiller, Robert J. Vance

John Hausknecht

[Excerpt] Group attitudes about satisfaction and commitment are negatively associated with absenteeism and interact in predicting absenteeism at the unit level. The effects are particularly strong in areas where jobs are plentiful but fade away where jobs are scarce. In other words, higher levels of absenteeism in a work group are associated with lower levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in labor markets with low unemployment, and vice versa. Organizational commitment is the crucial factor: absenteeism is higher in work units with low levels of commitment regardless of the level of satisfaction. Group norms about absenteeism and other contextual …

Retesting In Selection: A Meta-Analysis Of Practice Effects For Tests Of Cognitive Ability, John P. Hausknecht, Jane A. Halpert, Nicole T. Di Paolo, Meghan O. Moriarty Gerrard

John Hausknecht

Previous studies indicate that as many as 25-50% of applicants in organizational and educational settings are retested with measures of cognitive ability. Researchers have shown that practice effects are found across measurement occasions such that scores improve when these applicants retest. This study uses meta-analysis to summarize the results of 50 studies of practice effects for tests of cognitive ability. Results from 107 samples and 134,436 participants revealed an adjusted overall effect size of .26. Moderator analyses indicated that effects were larger when practice was accompanied by test coaching, and when identical forms were used. Additional research is needed to …

Stress Testing: Where The Banks Got It Wrong & The Way Forward, Emmanuel Moore Abolo Dr.

Dr. Emmanuel Moore Abolo

No abstract provided.

Measuring Bad Leadership In Organisations, James Shaw, Anthony Erickson

Anthony Erickson

This study describes the development of a measure of the nature of bad leadership in organisations. We then use scales developed from that measure in cluster analysis to empirically derive a taxonomy of bad leaders. Data were obtained through a web-based survey that generated 717 respondents. Based on follower perceptions, the results identified seven types of bad leaders based on behaviour-focused scales and seven types of bad leaders identified were not "all bad" but rather perceived as extreme on just one or two characteristics.

Founding Family Leadership And Industry Profitability, Trond Randoy, Clay Dibrell, Justin Craig

Justin B. Craig

In this article, we argue that firms in high-margin industries can benefit from founding family influence. Specifically, in more profitable markets, the influence of the founding family provides an additional corporate governance-monitoring function. The sample consists of 294 firm-year observations from 98 publicly traded companies headquartered in Sweden, representing approximately half of all nonfinancial traded firms. Our support that the effect of family leadership in publicly held firms should be assessed in relation to the intensity of industry competition.

Factors Critical In Overcoming The Liability Of Newness: Highlighting The Role Of Family, Clay Dibrell, Justin Craig, Ken Moores, Aaron Johnson, Peter David

Justin B. Craig

With a focus on the role of family, we explore factors critical in enabling start-up ventures to attain legitimacy and overcome the liability of newness. Drawing from multiple interviews with leaders of seven start-up ventures, we investigate the function of a variety of factors [e.g., family, distributors, financial supporters, etc.] deemed critical in attaining venture legitimacy. To validate our findings, we conducted additional interviews with three established family ventures. Our discussion highlights the role of family as a legitimizing strategy and provides an increased awareness of how internal and external resources are leveraged by the start-up to gain legitimacy.

Natural Environment, Market Orientation, And Firm Innovativeness: A Life Cycle Perspective, Clay Dibrell, Justin Craig, Eric Hansen

Justin B. Craig

We investigate the moderating effects of the natural environment on the market orientation to firm innovativeness relationship in growth versus mature firms. 237 owners or chief executive officer respondents allowed us to establish evidence of (1) positive linkage between market orientation and firm innovativeness and (2) natural environmental policy moderates the market orientation to firm innovativeness relationship in growth ventures and not in their more mature peers. Our findings suggest ventures characterized as being in the growth stage are more likely to employ a more positive policy toward the natural environment to gain a long-term competitive advantage through firm innovativeness.

Business Sustainability And Undergraduate Management Education In Australia, Josie Fisher, Ingrid Bonn

Ingrid Bonn

There is a large and rapidly expanding academic literature arguing that there is an urgent requirement for businesses to become more sustainable. There is also a demonstrated need for managers to develop a better understanding of sustainability and the appropriate strategies required to improve business sustainability. In addition, there are international calls for educators to address sustainability in their programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which business sustainability is being incorporated into undergraduate business and management courses in Australian universities. The high percentage of international students enrolled in these courses suggests our findings have …

The 'New Responsibility Paradigm': Implications For Strategic Competitiveness, Art Stewart

Art Stewart

No abstract provided.

Students’ Attitude Towards The Uses Of Internet, Kashif Ur Rehman, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Nadeem Safwan, Abrar Ahmad

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)