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2006

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Full-Text Articles in Business

An Analytical Approach For Making Management Decisions Concerning Corporate Restructuring, Beixin Lin, Zu Hsu Lee, Richard Peterson Dec 2006

An Analytical Approach For Making Management Decisions Concerning Corporate Restructuring, Beixin Lin, Zu Hsu Lee, Richard Peterson

Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Internal corporate restructuring activities, such as downsizing, sale or termination of a business line, facility closure, consolidation, or relocation, often occur as part of managerial strategies intended to improve efficiency, control costs, and adapt to an ever-changing business environment. Such actions frequently result in fundamental changes in a business's organization, its strategies, its systems, and its operations. They can unsettle a business and often significantly affect current and future earnings and cash flows. In this paper we propose a novel decision-making model through the use of the dynamic programming technique to illustrate how management can determine the optimal timing and …

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What's Ahead For 2007? Knowledge@Wharton Network Surveys The Globe, Knowledge@Smu Dec 2006

What's Ahead For 2007? Knowledge@Wharton Network Surveys The Globe, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

On the financial front, 2006 has been a pretty good year all around. Stock markets in many countries have rallied, energy prices have fallen, inflation is relatively low and growth in GDP ranges from respectable to robust. But the economies of most countries also face a number of threats -- some predictable, some not -- that could derail recent gains in our increasingly connected global markets. What's ahead for 2007 in the U.S., India, Europe, Latin America, China and other parts of the world? We offer a roundup of reports from the Knowledge@Wharton Network, including India Knowledge@Wharton, Universia Knowledge@Wharton and …

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An Exploratory Look At The Four Addresses On Accounting In The 10th Edition Of John C. Colt's The Science Of Double Entry Bookkeeping, Richard Vangermeersch Dec 2006

An Exploratory Look At The Four Addresses On Accounting In The 10th Edition Of John C. Colt's The Science Of Double Entry Bookkeeping, Richard Vangermeersch

Special Collections (Miscellaneous)

Four public addresses , written by convicted murder John C. Colt from about 1836 to 1841 have not been noted in the accounting history literature. This paper explores the importance of these addresses compiled in the 10th edition of The Science of double entry book keeping and brings them into current literature.

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Escalation And De-Escalation Of Commitment To Information Systems Projects: Insights From An Approach-Avoidance Process Model, Gary Pan, Shan Ling Pan Dec 2006

Escalation And De-Escalation Of Commitment To Information Systems Projects: Insights From An Approach-Avoidance Process Model, Gary Pan, Shan Ling Pan

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We view escalation and de-escalation of commitment as processes involving recurring instances of approach-avoidance conflict. This paper outlines an approach-avoidance process model for describing and analyzing escalation and de-escalation of commitment in information systems projects. In the model, the sequential mapping of project events is integrated with a model of approach-avoidance conflict that identifies periods of gradual evolution at two separate levels of social analysis (project and work) that are punctuated by sudden, revolutionary periods of rapid change. By conceiving the processes of commitment escalation and de-escalation as sequences of events involving approach-avoidance conflicts, researchers may develop a deeper understanding …

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Insider Trading And Voluntary Disclosures, Qiang Cheng, Kin Lo Dec 2006

Insider Trading And Voluntary Disclosures, Qiang Cheng, Kin Lo

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We hypothesize that insiders strategically choose disclosure policies and the timing of their equity trades to maximize trading profits, subject to the litigation costs associated with disclosure and insider trading. Accounting for endogeneity between disclosures and trading, we find that when managers plan to purchase shares, they increase the number of bad news forecasts to reduce the purchase price. In addition, this relation is stronger for trades initiated by chief executive officers than for those initiated by other executives. Confirming this strategic behavior, we find that managers successfully time their trades around bad news forecasts, buying fewer shares beforehand and …

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Implication Of Comprehensive Income Disclosure For Future Earnings And Analysts' Forecasts, Jong-Hag Choi, Yoonseok Zang Dec 2006

Implication Of Comprehensive Income Disclosure For Future Earnings And Analysts' Forecasts, Jong-Hag Choi, Yoonseok Zang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This paper examines the association of comprehensive income with subsequent period net income as well as analysts’ earnings forecasts. Our results support the notion that comprehensive income is incrementally useful in predicting subsequent period changes in net income. We also document that comprehensive income is associated with analysts’ earnings forecast revisions and forecast errors. The evidence is consistent with analysts’ failure to fully utilize the information disclosed in comprehensive income. The result suggests that analysts revise their year t+1’s forecast downward when comprehensive income is smaller than net income but they do not revise the forecast upward when comprehensive income …

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Strengthening The Foundations Of The Accountability Profession, Sridhar Ramamoorti, Sam M. Mccall, Relmond P. Van Daniker Dec 2006

Strengthening The Foundations Of The Accountability Profession, Sridhar Ramamoorti, Sam M. Mccall, Relmond P. Van Daniker

Accounting Faculty Publications

Article discusses the conceptual foundations of the accountability profession in government. The role of the Academy for Government Accountability in strengthening the accountability profession and advancing research and education initiatives in government financial management is described. The author suggests that government accountability needs to be about stewardship, transparency, accountability and citizen-centric government.

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The Association Between Earnings Quality And Regulatory Report Opinions In The Accounting Industry, Tracey Chunqi Zhang, Katherine Gunny Dec 2006

The Association Between Earnings Quality And Regulatory Report Opinions In The Accounting Industry, Tracey Chunqi Zhang, Katherine Gunny

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We compare the outcome of two different information systems – self regulation versus private sector regulation – in the accounting industry. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) inspections replaced American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) peer reviews of auditors. Peer review opinions are useful with respect to decisions about hiring and firing of auditors (Hilary and Lennox, 2005); therefore, the question remains what are the benefits of incurring the cost to replace a selfregulatory system with a private regulatory agency. We examine the usefulness of these two information systems at distinguishing earnings quality at firms …

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Management And Self-Activity: Accounting For The Crisis In Profit-Taking, Stefano Harney Nov 2006

Management And Self-Activity: Accounting For The Crisis In Profit-Taking, Stefano Harney

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The crisis in measurement identified by those working in the tradition of Italian autonomia has consequences for the critique of accounting and management. If both capitalist work and the commodity are today communicative and overtly political, a critique that merely points to these characteristics will have no transformative effect. This paper uses the Trinidadian Marxist theorist C.L.R. James’s notion of self-activity to suggest that the crisis in measurement is a symptom of the separation of work and value. The institution of forms of self-management and what might be called wars of command begin to replace the governmentality of the wage …

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Sustainable Accounting And Financial Management, Doug Cerf, Arline Savage, Kathryn Lancaster Oct 2006

Sustainable Accounting And Financial Management, Doug Cerf, Arline Savage, Kathryn Lancaster

Accounting

No abstract provided.

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Institutional Holdings And Analysts’ Stock Recommendations, Qiang Cheng, Xia Chen Oct 2006

Institutional Holdings And Analysts’ Stock Recommendations, Qiang Cheng, Xia Chen

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Prior studies document that institutional investors outperform the mar- ket. We investigate whether this superior performance is partly derived from institutional investors use of sell-side analysts stock recommenda- tions. First, we find that the quarterly change in institutional ownership is positively correlated with consensus recommendations. After control- ling for other determinants of institutional holdings, the quarterly change in institutional ownership is on average 0.90 percent higher for firms with favorable recommendations than for those with unfavorable recommendations. Second, using large trades to proxy for institutional trading, we find that there are more buyer-initiated than seller-initiated large trades around favorable recommendations …

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Book Review: Confession And Bookkeeping: The Religious, Moral, And Rhetorical Roots Of Modern Accounting, Charles S. Hartman Oct 2006

Book Review: Confession And Bookkeeping: The Religious, Moral, And Rhetorical Roots Of Modern Accounting, Charles S. Hartman

Business Administration Faculty Publications

Review of Confession and Bookkeeping: The Religious, Moral, and Rhetorical Roots of Modern Accounting by James Aho.

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A Research Agenda For Studying Open Source I: A Multi-Level Framework, Ashley R. Davis, Fred Niederman, Martina E. Greiner, Donald Wynn, Paul T. York Sep 2006

A Research Agenda For Studying Open Source I: A Multi-Level Framework, Ashley R. Davis, Fred Niederman, Martina E. Greiner, Donald Wynn, Paul T. York

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a research agenda for studying information systems using open source software A multi-level research model is developed at five discrete levels of analysis: (1) the artifact; (2) the individual; (3) the team, project, and community; (4) the organization; and (5) society. Each level is discussed in terms of key issues within the level. Examples are based on prior research. In a companion paper, [Niederman, et al 2006], we view the agenda through the lens of referent discipline theories.

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Escalation And De-Escalation Of Commitment To Information Systems Projects: Insights From A Project Evaluation Model, Shan Ling Pan, Gary S. C. Pan, Michael Newman, Donal Flynn Sep 2006

Escalation And De-Escalation Of Commitment To Information Systems Projects: Insights From A Project Evaluation Model, Shan Ling Pan, Gary S. C. Pan, Michael Newman, Donal Flynn

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This paper outlines a project evaluation model for examining escalation and de-escalation of commitment to information systems projects. We view escalation and de-escalation of commitment as processes involving recurring instances of approach-avoidance conflict. In the model, the sequential mapping of project events is integrated with a model of approach-avoidance conflict that identifies periods of gradual evolution at two separate levels of social analysis (project and work) that are punctuated by sudden, revolutionary periods of rapid change. By conceiving the processes of commitment escalation and de-escalation as sequences of events involving approach-avoidance conflicts, researchers may develop a deeper understanding of how …

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Performance, Growth And Earnings Management, Chi Wen Jevons Lee, Laura Yue Li, Heng Yue Sep 2006

Performance, Growth And Earnings Management, Chi Wen Jevons Lee, Laura Yue Li, Heng Yue

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We study the relationship between the amount of managed earnings and firms' earnings performance and expected growth in a reporting model, where managers manipulate earnings to influence the valuation of firms' equity while bearing a cost that is increasing and convex in the amount of managed earnings. In the unique revealing equilibrium to the model, firms with higher performance and growth over-report earnings by a larger amount because price responsiveness increases with earnings performance and growth. And earnings quality, defined as the proportion of true economic earnings in total reported earnings, increases with earnings performance but decreases with earnings growth. …

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International Convergence Towards Principles-Based Accounting Standards, Estelle Cramer Aug 2006

International Convergence Towards Principles-Based Accounting Standards, Estelle Cramer

Honors College Theses

The accounting profession is a field that functions through a set of complex and contradictory standards. As a result of the ever-increasing complexities brought on by a rules-based standard approach, several countries and regions including Japan, China, Hong Kong, the European Union, and the United States have all begun to converge their respective generally accepted accounting standards towards more principles-based accounting standards. The research conducted examines through a comparison of various nations and regions generally accepted accounting principles for important issues to determine which, if any, are deemed to have an objective-oriented standard; also, if the comparison does not result …

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Six Levels Of Financial Knowledge, George E. Manners Jr. Aug 2006

Six Levels Of Financial Knowledge, George E. Manners Jr.

Faculty Articles

With the appropriate framework to shape financial knowledge, the management accounting function should become an organization's principal decision-support platform. The framework consists of six levels of financial knowledge, and the word "financial" is most operative here. The Level 1 knowledge base connects a business to the outside world. When you have output volume and variable cost per output unit, you have the basis for Level 2 vocabulary. When a business transitions to Level 3, it has learned that return on assets must be employed as the enterprise's guiding profitability gauge. There is a very distinct increment in knowledge when moving …

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The Association Between Audit Quality And Abnormal Audit Fees, Jong-Hag Choi, Jeong-Bon Kim, Yoonseok Zang Aug 2006

The Association Between Audit Quality And Abnormal Audit Fees, Jong-Hag Choi, Jeong-Bon Kim, Yoonseok Zang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Using a sample of 9,820 firm-year observations over the 2000-2003 period, this paper examines whether, and how, audit quality proxied by unsigned discretionary accruals is associated with abnormal audit fees, i.e., actual audit fees in excess of expected, normal audit fees. The results of various regressions reveal that the association between the two is insignificant for the full sample, significantly positive for the subsample of clients with positive abnormal fees, and insignificantly negative for the subsample of clients with negative abnormal fees. The above results suggest that auditors’ incentives to compromise audit quality differ systematically for more profitable clients (with …

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A Course In Forensic Accounting, Yelena Kleyman Aug 2006

A Course In Forensic Accounting, Yelena Kleyman

Honors College Theses

The origins of the accounting profession are rooted deep into history. The basic concepts of accounting were changing as years and centuries passed by. Nonetheless, a concept exists which did not experience major modifications over time -- fraud. Fraud existed centuries ago, as well as it exists today, and unfortunately, may exist years from now. However, in recent years forensic accounting has been expanding in order to change this pattern. This discipline created a new branch in the accounting profession, generating a growing demand for forensic accountants. Forensic accounting is currently taught in many American universities; however, Pace University is …

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The Convergence Of Accounting Standards Or The Next Revolutionary Change In The Accounting Industry, Mariya Smantser Aug 2006

The Convergence Of Accounting Standards Or The Next Revolutionary Change In The Accounting Industry, Mariya Smantser

Honors College Theses

In the past five years the accounting industry has undergone major transformations. A wave of corporate scandals that began with Enron shook accounting's foundations, and led to passage of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2003. As the industry is absorbing and implementing the new requirements of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, it has yet another development on the horizon -- the pressure of convergence of accounting standards between the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Marie Kling, senior manager in PWC, summarizes the current situation: "The train heading towards global GAAP has left the station, …

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Evidence On The Relationship Between Takaful Insurance And Fundamental Perception Of Islamic Principles, Ramin Cooper Maysami, John Joseph Williams Aug 2006

Evidence On The Relationship Between Takaful Insurance And Fundamental Perception Of Islamic Principles, Ramin Cooper Maysami, John Joseph Williams

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

One of the complexities overarching the concept of Islamic insurance is anchored in the belief system pertaining to fundamental Islamic Law, while another is embedded in the role of profit within the takaful contract. The purpose of this study is to empirically explore the association between the awareness of the existence of Islamic insurance (takaful) and religious perceptions of this financial service.

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A Test Of The Loan Prohibition Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Are Firms That Grant Loans To Executives More Likely To Misstate Their Financial Results?, Charles Cullinan, Hui Du, Gail B. Wright Jul 2006

A Test Of The Loan Prohibition Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Are Firms That Grant Loans To Executives More Likely To Misstate Their Financial Results?, Charles Cullinan, Hui Du, Gail B. Wright

Accounting Department Faculty Journal Articles

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was designed to improve the accuracy and reliability of financial reporting and prohibits public companies from granting loans to executives. Without considering the effects of executive loans on financial reporting, some researchers have questioned the appropriateness of the Act’s loan prohibition [Kahle, K., Shastri, K., 2004. Executive loans. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 39 (4), 791–811; Henderson, M., Spindler, J., 2005. Corporate Heroin: A defense of perks, executive loans, and conspicuous consumption. The Georgetown Law Journal 93 (6)]. We examine whether executive loans are associated with financial misstatements. We find a significant association between …

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Sox Goes To College, Craig Piotrowki, Robert Yahr Jul 2006

Sox Goes To College, Craig Piotrowki, Robert Yahr

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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Winter Wine Tourists In Canada's Niagara Region, Carmen W. Cullen, Eugene Kaciak, Linda Bramble, Barry Wright, Alfred E. Seaman, John Joseph Williams Jul 2006

Winter Wine Tourists In Canada's Niagara Region, Carmen W. Cullen, Eugene Kaciak, Linda Bramble, Barry Wright, Alfred E. Seaman, John Joseph Williams

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This paper represents the first stage in a multi-seasonal investigation of peak, off-peak and shoulder season winery tourists in Canada’s Niagara region. The goal of the study reported here is to better understand the off-peak winery tourist – that strange creature who chooses to visit a winery in the dead of Canadian winter. Who are these people?

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The Ethics Of Managing Short-Term Earnings: Business Managers And Business Students Rate Earnings Management Practices – Implications For Academia, Don Giacomino, Jodi L. Gissel, Michael D. Akers Jul 2006

The Ethics Of Managing Short-Term Earnings: Business Managers And Business Students Rate Earnings Management Practices – Implications For Academia, Don Giacomino, Jodi L. Gissel, Michael D. Akers

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

In 1990, Bruns and Merchant surveyed the readership of the Harvard Business Review (HBR). Their survey asked HBR readers to rate the acceptability of earnings management practices. Prior to that study, researchers and accounting practitioners paid little attention to the morality of short-term earnings management. However, in the wake of highly publicized financial frauds and failures, the profession and academic journals have emphasized the importance of the concepts of earnings quality and earnings management. The Bruns and Merchant survey provided 13 earnings management situations and asked the HBR readers to rate the acceptability of those practices. In this study, we …

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Summer Accounting Program At Iwu For Inner City Students, Leslie Boelter Jun 2006

Summer Accounting Program At Iwu For Inner City Students, Leslie Boelter

News and Events

No abstract provided.

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What Is Fraud And Who Is Responsible?, Michael D. Akers, Jodi L. Gissel Jun 2006

What Is Fraud And Who Is Responsible?, Michael D. Akers, Jodi L. Gissel

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

Research shows that fraudulent activity affecting the financial statements is more prevalent than ever despite the increased attention devoted to the prevention and detection of fraud by companies and professional accountants. Fraud is a critical issue for preparers and users of financial statements, as well as auditors. Each group’s association and involvement with the financial statements is from a slightly different perspective. Even though all individuals in the financial reporting process share the responsibility for the integrity of the financial statements, different perspectives of fraud can and do affect each group’s interpretation of fraudulent activity and responsibility for the prevention …

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Central Bank Independence, Inflation Variability, And The Revenue Smoothing Hypothesis, Hermann Sintim-Aboagye, David R. Tufte May 2006

Central Bank Independence, Inflation Variability, And The Revenue Smoothing Hypothesis, Hermann Sintim-Aboagye, David R. Tufte

Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This paper examines the revenue-smoothing hypothesis, which posits that an optimizing government will adjust both taxes and inflation to meet shocks to government spending. Our contribution is to examine this through the lens of a new methodology that relates both the first and second moments of inflation rates to central bank independence (CBI) measures. Unlike existing least-squares-based CBI papers, this study uses a maximum likelihood framework that facilitates the direct inclusion of CBI parameters in the residual covariance matrix. This new approach allows for a more intensive use of information contained in the CBI indexes and the estimates obtained are …

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Real World Classroom, Michael D. Akers May 2006

Real World Classroom, Michael D. Akers

Accounting Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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How To Use The Changing Components Of The Corporate Annual Report, Deborah S. Archambeault, John G. Fulmer Jr., Richard A. Turpin May 2006

How To Use The Changing Components Of The Corporate Annual Report, Deborah S. Archambeault, John G. Fulmer Jr., Richard A. Turpin

Accounting Faculty Publications

The amount of information required in a corporate annual report continues to increase. Most recently, additional reporting requirements brought about by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOA), the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) increase the number of component reports that must be included in the annual report package. Lenders need to be familiar with the additional information that these new components provide. Therefore, this article summarizes the required component reports, discusses the information conveyed in each report and gives some examples of the types of significant new information that can be obtained.

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