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Ethics and Political Philosophy

China

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Full-Text Articles in Philosophy

Reply To Tannenbaum Et Al.: Constructive Dialogue Advancing Research On Civic Honesty, Weiwei Zhang, Yacheng Sun, Shiyong Liu, Xinyue Zhou, Qian Yang, Qi Zhang Jan 2023

Reply To Tannenbaum Et Al.: Constructive Dialogue Advancing Research On Civic Honesty, Weiwei Zhang, Yacheng Sun, Shiyong Liu, Xinyue Zhou, Qian Yang, Qi Zhang

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Strengthen Arctic Governance To Stop Russian And Chinese Overreach, Mark T. Vicik May 2022

Strengthen Arctic Governance To Stop Russian And Chinese Overreach, Mark T. Vicik

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues shortfalls in the international institutions governing the Arctic have allowed Russia and China to expand control over the region. It provides an overview of regional governance and power dynamics, outlines a three-part approach to correcting deficiencies, highlights attempts by Russia and China to circumvent international governance, examines how the Arctic’s governing institutions address Russian and Chinese growth in the region, and focuses on the institutional failures that have allowed Russia and China to expand—failures academic scholarship and US policy have not adequately addressed. Practitioners will find specific steps for rectifying issues with Arctic institutions to support the …

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On "Broken Nest: Deterring China From Invading Taiwan" And Authors' Response, Eric Chan Mar 2022

On "Broken Nest: Deterring China From Invading Taiwan" And Authors' Response, Eric Chan

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

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China’S Global Monopoly On Rare-Earth Elements, Gustavo Ferreira, Jamie Critelli Mar 2022

China’S Global Monopoly On Rare-Earth Elements, Gustavo Ferreira, Jamie Critelli

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article delivers a novel economic analysis of US dependence on China for rare-earth elements and sheds light on how Western nations may exploit the limitations of limit pricing to break China’s global monopoly in rare-earth element production and refinement. This analytical framework, supported by a comprehensive literature review, the application of microeconomic and industrial organization concepts, and two case-study scenarios, provides several policy recommendations to address the most important foreign policy challenge the United States has faced since the end of the Cold War.

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Chinese And Western Ways Of War And Their Ethics, C. Anthony Pfaff Mar 2022

Chinese And Western Ways Of War And Their Ethics, C. Anthony Pfaff

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

US officials often portray the Chinese government as having few, if any, ethical boundaries in its pursuit of power. This article argues China, like Western countries, has a rich tradition of constraining this pursuit that can impact the nation’s policies. With a focus on the relationship between ways of war and ethics of war, it relies on traditional and contemporary scholarship from both the East and the West to highlight differences in how each military views the practical and ethical aspects of war and how these views can interact. Understanding the ethical logic available to one’s adversaries will allow US …

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Srad Director's Corner: The People’S Republic Of China’S Challenge To Us Security, George Shatzer Mar 2022

Srad Director's Corner: The People’S Republic Of China’S Challenge To Us Security, George Shatzer

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This “SRAD Director’s Corner” is the inaugural contribution by Colonel George Shatzer, director of the Strategy Research and Analysis Division of the Strategic Studies Institute at the US Army War College. In each contribution, Shatzer will discuss books of relevance to US Joint planners and strategists, as well as those of our allies and strategic partners. He will apply his experience and education as a US Army senior strategist to extract insights useful to anyone contemplating how to confront the challenges of today’s strategic environment.

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Dependent Or Independent: Exploring The Culture Of Local Coffee Shops In China, Hui Zhi, Huan Chen Dec 2021

Dependent Or Independent: Exploring The Culture Of Local Coffee Shops In China, Hui Zhi, Huan Chen

European Journal of Food Drink and Society

Despite the short history of coffee in China, the Chinese coffee market has been expanding and gradually becoming an important overseas market for coffee transnational corporations such as Nestlé and Starbucks since the 1980s. Meanwhile, the number of independent coffee shops owned by individuals in China is inflating in response to the increasing demand of high-quality coffee. The popularity of independent coffee shops reflects a struggle between local and global cultures. Although previous studies about independent coffee shops in other Asian countries and areas, such as Japan and Taiwan, are abundant, no study has yet addressed independent coffee shops in …

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The Other China Model: Daoism, Pluralism, And Political Liberalism, Devin K. Joshi Oct 2020

The Other China Model: Daoism, Pluralism, And Political Liberalism, Devin K. Joshi

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

While scholars often portray Chinese political thought and tradition as standing in opposition to Western notions of political liberalism, little consideration has been given to compatibility between liberalism and Daoism, a prominent religion and long-standing alternative school of thought among Chinese peoples. Addressing this gap in the literature, this study in comparative political thought compares Laozi’s Dao De Jing with John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty to illustrate certain core political ideas in the Dao De Jing and their treatment in Mill’s landmark text on political liberalism. Although the two texts diverge in terms of advocacy of popular representation, public contestation, …

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Alternate Warfare: The Unseen Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Elyse Keener Jul 2020

Alternate Warfare: The Unseen Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Elyse Keener

Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy

Biological warfare is a national security concern that transcends centuries. In the current international climate, biowarfare is of particular interest due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article seeks to follow historical cases of biological warfare and international response to these cases in order to understand the implications of COVID-19, if it were to be weaponized. Also covered is the current capabilities that Russia, China, and Iran are assessed to possess.

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Global Risks Of Intensive Animal Farming And The Wildlife Trade, Deborah Cao Jan 2020

Global Risks Of Intensive Animal Farming And The Wildlife Trade, Deborah Cao

Animal Sentience

This commentary discusses two issues highlighted by Wiebers & Feigin in the context of the current and future global health crisis: the wildlife trade and factory farming. Both are instances of globalized animal cruelty – in China as well as worldwide -- that require global solutions for the well-being of both humans and nonhumans.

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Human Rights In Chinese Tradition, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2018

Human Rights In Chinese Tradition, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

This chapter in Sarah Biddulph and Joshua Rosenzweig, eds., Handbook on human rights in China (Edward Elgar, 2019) -- examines three different approaches: the Chinese tradition is (1) an obstacle to human rights, (2) an alternative to human rights, or (3) a source of human rights. While some scholars have insisted on one or another of these approaches, I will argue here that there is truth in all of them. Nothing about the Chinese tradition determines, once-and-for-all, what modern Chinese must think about human rights, but there is no question that it has had, and will continue to have, varying …

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Will War's Nature Change In The Seventh Military Revolution?, F. G. Hoffman Nov 2017

Will War's Nature Change In The Seventh Military Revolution?, F. G. Hoffman

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article examines the potential implications of the combinations of robotics, artificial intelligence, and deep learning systems on the character and nature of war. The author employs Carl von Clausewitz’s trinity concept to discuss how autonomous weapons will impact the essential elements of war. The essay argues war’s essence, as politically directed violence fraught with friction, will remain its most enduring aspect, even if more intelligent machines are involved at every level.

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德性、自由与“有根的全球哲学”——关于“进步儒学”与“自由儒学”的对话 [Virtue, Liberty, And ‘Rooted Global Philosophy’—A Dialogue Concerning Progressive Confucianism And Liberal Confucianism], Stephen C. Angle, Ping Guo Dec 2016

德性、自由与“有根的全球哲学”——关于“进步儒学”与“自由儒学”的对话 [Virtue, Liberty, And ‘Rooted Global Philosophy’—A Dialogue Concerning Progressive Confucianism And Liberal Confucianism], Stephen C. Angle, Ping Guo

Stephen C. Angle

2017年4月26日，美国著名儒家学者安靖如（Stephen C. Angle）教授应邀来到山东大学中心校区，与山东社会科学院青年儒家学者郭萍博士就“有根的全球哲学”、“进步儒学”和“自由儒学”的相关问题进行了一次对话。安靖如先生指出，他所创建的“进步儒学”是一种“有根的全球哲学”，与“综合儒学”在方法论上有着根本的区别：前者是基于单一传统认可意义上“有根的”发展，后者是“双重认可”意义上“综合性的”发展。二者虽然表面近似，而且各有好处，但作为儒家学者必须对此加以区分，以便弄清各种儒学理论据以展开的价值立场和思路方法。对此，致力于创建“自由儒学”理论的郭萍博士提出了自己的理解，并且从“有根的”和“全球的”维度上介绍了“自由儒学”的理论特质。进而，双方基于各自的理论视角，就现代语境下的儒家德性观念以及自由平等与个体权利、美国儒学研究的转向等问题做了广泛地交流，由此在保持各自不同的理论思考的同时，体现出双方坚持立足儒学传统，发展现代价值的思想共识。

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生活儒学与进步儒学的对话 [Dialogue Between Life Confucianism And Progressive Confucianism] (Part 1), Stephen C. Angle, Yushun Huang Dec 2016

生活儒学与进步儒学的对话 [Dialogue Between Life Confucianism And Progressive Confucianism] (Part 1), Stephen C. Angle, Yushun Huang

Stephen C. Angle

2017年4月25日，应尼山书院邀请，中国儒家学者、山东大学儒学高等研究院教授黄玉顺先生与美国儒家学者、维思大学（Wesleyan University）哲学系教授安靖如先生共聚济南大明湖畔，以“中美儒学对话：生活儒学与进步儒学”为题举行对话，共同探讨世界儒学发展方向。安靖如先生是西方儒学代表人物之一，提出“进步儒学”（Progressive Confucianism）理论，以表达对儒学发展方向、理路等一系列问题的看法。他把儒学理解为一个活的、发展中的传统，强调进步儒学最重要的方法论概念是“有根的全球哲学”，即儒学的发展必须既是源自儒家传统的（有根的），又是敞开的（全球的）。黄玉顺先生所创立的“生活儒学”理论，意在发掘儒学所蕴涵的某些能够穿越时空、超越历史地域的观念。生活儒学突破“形上→形下”的观念架构，揭示“生活存在→形而上存在者→形而下存在者”的观念层级，强调回归生活本身及其仁爱情感，重建儒家的形上学和形下学，使儒学能够真正有效地切入当今世界的社会生活。对话过程中，两位儒家分别阐述了各自理论的创构背景、方法架构和核心观念，并且以儒学与自由主义的关系为中心进行深入地互动交流，在展现了各自独特的思想个性的同时取得了广泛共识。特别是在儒学发展之“有根的”立场和现代性的价值取向上，“进步儒学”与“生活儒学”可谓高度一致。

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生活儒学与进步儒学的对话 [Dialogue Between Life Confucianism And Progressive Confucianism] (Part 2), Stephen C. Angle, Yushun Huang Dec 2016

生活儒学与进步儒学的对话 [Dialogue Between Life Confucianism And Progressive Confucianism] (Part 2), Stephen C. Angle, Yushun Huang

Stephen C. Angle

此为“生活儒学与进步儒学的对话”之下部分。

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Comments On Joseph Chan, Confucian Perfectionism, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2016

Comments On Joseph Chan, Confucian Perfectionism, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

I approach this encounter with Joseph Chan’s important work on Confucian perfectionism from a fundamentally sympathetic standpoint. Most basically, I agree with two of his key premises. Confucianism is more than a rich historical tradition: it is a live strand of political (and other types of) theory, able to criticize and contribute to our lives today. But for modern Confucianism to be plausible and attractive, it must find a way to embrace the idea of limited government or constitutionalism in a deeper fashion than it did historically. There are many other issues that Joseph covers in his book, and on …

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Comments On Joseph Chan, Confucian Perfectionism, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2016

Comments On Joseph Chan, Confucian Perfectionism, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

I approach this encounter with Joseph Chan’s important work on Confucian perfectionism from a fundamentally sympathetic standpoint. Most basically, I agree with two of his key premises. Confucianism is more than a rich historical tradition: it is a live strand of political (and other types of) theory, able to criticize and contribute to our lives today. But for modern Confucianism to be plausible and attractive, it must find a way to embrace the idea of limited government or constitutionalism in a deeper fashion than it did historically. There are many other issues that Joseph covers in his book, and on …

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Moral Virtue, Civic Virtue, And Pluralism, Stephen C. Angle Aug 2016

Moral Virtue, Civic Virtue, And Pluralism, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

Kim Sungmoon’s Confucian Democracy in East Asia: Theory and Practice makes many important contributions to our understanding of what is at stake in thinking of Confucianism as a viable political theory in the modern world. One of the book’s most interesting features is its grounding in the on-going practice of Confucianism in South Korea, on the one hand, and yet its emphasis on pluralism within Korean society, on the other.[1] Kim thus aims to describe and defend a polity that, while not relying on its citizens’ unanimous acceptance of Confucianism as comprehensive doctrine, nonetheless can legitimately maintain a distinctively …

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Animal Suffering In China, Peter J. Li Jul 2016

Animal Suffering In China, Peter J. Li

Peter J. Li, PhD

Chinese policy has been aimed at maximizing GDP; it is time to focus also on minimizing animal suffering.

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Animal Suffering In China, Peter J. Li Feb 2016

Animal Suffering In China, Peter J. Li

Animal Sentience

Chinese policy has been aimed at maximizing GDP; it is time to focus also on minimizing animal suffering.

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Confucian Leadership Meets Confucian Democracy, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2015

Confucian Leadership Meets Confucian Democracy, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

Many famous images of the inspirational, almost magical character of Confucian leadership seem very distant from any idea of democracy. Some modern Confucian celebrate this distance, arguing that modern Confucian polities should be ruled by elites, and perhaps that these elites should be venerated in something like the traditional way.3 Confucian democrats, in contrast, hold that the roles of Confucian political leaders must be rethought, just as the modern Confucian polity must shift from a monarchy to a constitutional democracy. This does not mean that modern Confucians must turn their backs on traditional Confucian views of leadership: the key …

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Building Bridges To Distant Shores, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2015

Building Bridges To Distant Shores, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

Late in 1987, having graduated from college and headed to Taiwan to study more Chinese, I decided to attend an international conference on Confucianism. At lunchtime on the first day I was sitting by myself, intimidated by the luminaries all around, when a smiling scholar sat down across from me, introduced himself as Roger Ames, and immediately made me feel at home. (Although he did question the wisdom of my intention to attend a graduate school other than Hawaii.) 1987 also saw the publication of Thinking Through Confucius, Roger’s seminal collaboration with David Hall; shortly after I met Roger …

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Building Bridges To Distant Shores, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2015

Building Bridges To Distant Shores, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

Late in 1987, having graduated from college and headed to Taiwan to study more Chinese, I decided to attend an international conference on Confucianism. At lunchtime on the first day I was sitting by myself, intimidated by the luminaries all around, when a smiling scholar sat down across from me, introduced himself as Roger Ames, and immediately made me feel at home. (Although he did question the wisdom of my intention to attend a graduate school other than Hawaii.) 1987 also saw the publication of Thinking Through Confucius, Roger’s seminal collaboration with David Hall; shortly after I met Roger …

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Confucian Leadership Meets Confucian Democracy, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2015

Confucian Leadership Meets Confucian Democracy, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

Many famous images of the inspirational, almost magical character of Confucian leadership seem very distant from any idea of democracy. Some modern Confucian celebrate this distance, arguing that modern Confucian polities should be ruled by elites, and perhaps that these elites should be venerated in something like the traditional way.3 Confucian democrats, in contrast, hold that the roles of Confucian political leaders must be rethought, just as the modern Confucian polity must shift from a monarchy to a constitutional democracy. This does not mean that modern Confucians must turn their backs on traditional Confucian views of leadership: the key …

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Comparative Philosophy: Reviewing The State Of The Art, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2015

Comparative Philosophy: Reviewing The State Of The Art, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

Comparative Philosophy: Reviewing the State of the Art
 
Table of Contents
 
 
0. Introduction — Stephen C. Angle                                                                                                1
 
Part 1: Pairs                                                                                                                                                               
1. Transcending Tradition through Virtue Ethics — Daniel J. Lemieux                                           7
A Review of Jiyuan Yu, The Ethics of Confucius and Aristotle: Mirrors of Virtue
 
2. Understanding a New Type of Religion — Gwendolyn R. Pastor                                            15
A Review of Ge Ling Shang, Liberation as Affirmation: The Religiosity of Zhuangzi and Nietzsche
 
3. Work Hard, Study Hard, Practice Hard — Jennie He                                                                25
A Review of Aaron Stalnaker, Overcoming Our Evil: Human …

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World Virtue Ethics, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

World Virtue Ethics, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

As many chapters in the present volume have shown, virtue ethics has been practiced and theorized in many different ways around the world. Different times and places have different lists of virtues, or differently-conceptualized notions of unified virtue; virtues have been justified in different ways, interrelated in different ways, and had differing degrees of centrality in broader traditions of ethical thinking and practice. The goal of this chapter is to offer present-day theorists some ways of making sense of this diversity, as it informs our philosophical work and ethical living, both today and into the future. The bulk of the …

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Western, Chinese, And Universal Values, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

Western, Chinese, And Universal Values, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

Efforts to resist “Western values” and to promote “Chinese values” are often based on a crude cultural relativism which is implausible on both historical and philosophical grounds. Admittedly, worries about a facile equation of “West” with “universal” are sometimes well-founded, but the answer is not to retreat to a relativism that would limit all parties’ abilities to seek self-improvement. Rather, building on examples like Chinese new cosmopolitans and modern Confucians—including the great Confucian thinker Mou Zongsan (1909-1995)—current reformers should look to undermine dichotomous, monolithic “East versus West” views of the world. Chinese (and, for that matter, non-Chinese) education, cultural life, …

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美国儒学：在传统与普世价值之间 [American Confucianism: Between Tradition And Universal Values], Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

美国儒学：在传统与普世价值之间 [American Confucianism: Between Tradition And Universal Values], Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

“美国儒教”的说法矛盾吗?是否儒教与中国或中华文化紧密相连,以至于 美国儒教这个概念本身就自相矛盾?当然,在美国有研究儒教的学者和学习儒教 的学生,但美国儒教似乎还需要更多的东西支撑。貌似合理的是,若要使美国儒 教的说法有意义,那在美国就必须有可能存在儒教,而不单单存在儒教研究者。 1再进一步思考是,如果存在美国儒教,那它是否可能会某种方式与众不同。如 果真的如此,我们或许就能将“在美国的儒教”(Confucians in America)与“美 国儒教”(American Confucians)区分开来。尽管儒教与中国存在历史联系,但 只要稍做思考,人们就会对“美国儒教”之说自相矛盾的观点产生疑问。毕竟, 儒教在日本和韩国都已有重要而独具特色的发展。更广一点说,我们不妨想一想 其他一些始于一种文化背景,而后在其他文化背景中生根发芽的传统,比如中国 的佛教或罗马的斯多葛派。事实上,美国佛教现已成为美国发展最快的宗教之一。 儒教也会这样吗? 

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美国儒学：在传统与普世价值之间 [American Confucianism: Between Tradition And Universal Values], Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

美国儒学：在传统与普世价值之间 [American Confucianism: Between Tradition And Universal Values], Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

“美国儒教”的说法矛盾吗?是否儒教与中国或中华文化紧密相连,以至于 美国儒教这个概念本身就自相矛盾?当然,在美国有研究儒教的学者和学习儒教 的学生,但美国儒教似乎还需要更多的东西支撑。貌似合理的是,若要使美国儒 教的说法有意义,那在美国就必须有可能存在儒教,而不单单存在儒教研究者。 1再进一步思考是,如果存在美国儒教,那它是否可能会某种方式与众不同。如 果真的如此,我们或许就能将“在美国的儒教”(Confucians in America)与“美 国儒教”(American Confucians)区分开来。尽管儒教与中国存在历史联系,但 只要稍做思考,人们就会对“美国儒教”之说自相矛盾的观点产生疑问。毕竟, 儒教在日本和韩国都已有重要而独具特色的发展。更广一点说,我们不妨想一想 其他一些始于一种文化背景,而后在其他文化背景中生根发芽的传统,比如中国 的佛教或罗马的斯多葛派。事实上,美国佛教现已成为美国发展最快的宗教之一。 儒教也会这样吗? 

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Virtue Ethics, Rule Of Law, And Self-Restriction, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

Virtue Ethics, Rule Of Law, And Self-Restriction, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

It is a provocative coincidence that 1958 saw the publication of both Elizabeth Anscombe’s “Modern Moral Philosophy,” an essay widely seen as initiating the revival of Western philosophical interest in virtue ethics, and the “Manifesto to the World’s People on Behalf of Chinese Culture,” a jointly-authored argument that Confucianism was still alive and had much to offer to the world. A great deal of research and debate has flowed from each of these sources over the last half-century, but so far there has been very little dialogue between modern Western virtue ethics and modern Confucianism.1 Scholars of ancient Confucianism …

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