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Full-Text Articles in United States History
Filthy Cellars And Healthy Pets: Relationships Between Public Health, Pets And Veterinarians In Cincinnati Prior To World War I, Kelly Wenig
Kelly Wenig
In 1868, Board of Health officials in the city of Cincinnati declared that all animals had to be removed from the basements of city residences. In his report on the state of the city, health officer William C. Clendenin commented that “[t]he extent to which cellars are used throughout the city as depositories for rubbish and filth is truly surprising; --many respectable people [keep] geese, chickens, dogs, and even calves in their cellars…Filthy cellars, especially when they are very damp, are a very certain cause of sickness.”1 For most of the nineteenth century, cows, chickens, sheep, dogs and cats were …
Pham Van Dong, Brian D. Behnken
Pham Van Dong, Brian D. Behnken
Brian D. Behnken
Vietnamese nationalist revolutionary, founder of the Viet Minh, premier of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV, North Vietnam) during 1950-1975, and prime minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) during 1975-1987. Born in Quang Ngai Province on 1 March 1906, Pham Van Dong became active in nationalist and communist politics as a teenager. Like many other Vietnamese revolutionaries, he spent eight years in prison for his anti-French stance. In 1930 he helped found the Indochinese Communist Party.
Le Duc Tho, Brian D. Behnken
Le Duc Tho, Brian D. Behnken
Brian D. Behnken
Vietnamese revolutionary, member of the Vietnamese Communist Party's Political Bureau, and chief negotiator at the Paris Peace Talks. Le Due Tho was born Phan Dinh Khai in Nam Ha Province on 14 October 1911. He became active in communist political circles at a young age and in 1930 helped found the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP). During the 1930s he spent nearly a decade in prison for his anti-French political activities. In 1945 he helped form the nationalist Viet Minh organization with Ho Chi Minh and from the late 1950s largely directed the war in the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, South …