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- Correspondence With Philander C. Knox (7)
- Other Correspondence (7)
- Documents, 1919-1938 (3)
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- Notes, Speeches, Articles, and Addresses (3)
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- Psi Sigma Siren (2)
- World War I Era Documents, 1914-1918 (2)
- Bridges: An Undergraduate Journal of Contemporary Connections (1)
- Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers (1)
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- Organization of the State Department (1)
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- The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters (1)
- University Scholar Projects (1)
- Vivek Kumar Srivastava Dr. (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Political History
A Delicate Balance: Us-China-Taiwan Relations Under The Nixon And Carter Administrations In The 1970s, Evan H. Matthews
A Delicate Balance: Us-China-Taiwan Relations Under The Nixon And Carter Administrations In The 1970s, Evan H. Matthews
Senior Projects Spring 2022
This project is guided by its research question of why and how the Nixon and Carter administrations decided to maintain unofficial relations with Taiwan, despite pursuing the normalization of relations with the People’s Republic of China. President Nixon and National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger struggled to answer this question and left it up to “historical evolutions.” The Carter administration believed in three fundamental principles, each spearheaded by different agents in the administration: (1) that the United States had a moral obligation not to jeopardize the future of the Taiwanese people, (2) that the United States must pursue normalization with the …
Mansfield, Marines, And Mothers: The Politics Of Resistance To The American Intervention In North China From 1945-1946, James Robert Compton
Mansfield, Marines, And Mothers: The Politics Of Resistance To The American Intervention In North China From 1945-1946, James Robert Compton
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
At the conclusion of World War II, American citizens, including millions of deployed servicemen, reasserted the democratic freedoms they sacrificed to win the war. The American intervention in North China during the Chinese Civil War presented a ripe opportunity for civic restoration in late 1945. Controversial and seemingly at odds with the stated goals of the Second World War—namely the “Four Freedoms” and the Atlantic Charter—the US military presence in North China faced formidable domestic political obstacles. This thesis explores the nexus of domestic politics and foreign policy in the post-World War II era. Focusing on 1945-1946, this project steps …
The Future Of Taiwan, Gillian Hodge
The Future Of Taiwan, Gillian Hodge
Senior Honors Projects
In American media, Taiwan has been referred to as the potential flashpoint for the next world war. Much quantitative research has been done regarding political views and predictions for Taiwan’s future. Based on previous studies, this essay seeks to build more knowledge on public perceptions of the Taiwan independence conflict among individuals on either side of the Taiwan Strait through interview-based research methods. To do this, I interviewed five individuals born in mainland China and five individuals born in Taiwan to compare how they view issues surrounding the China- Taiwan relationship and Taiwan's political status. My central research question looks …
Knowing China, Losing China: Discourse And Power In U.S.-China Relations, Shankara Narayanan
Knowing China, Losing China: Discourse And Power In U.S.-China Relations, Shankara Narayanan
University Scholar Projects
The U.S. government’s 2017 National Security Strategy claimed, “China and Russia challenge American power, influence, and interests, attempting to erode American security and prosperity.”[1] Three years later, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the U.S. foreign policy community’s discursive shift towards Realist competition with China, with officials from the past three presidential administrations coming to view China as a threat to democratic governance and America’s security posture in Asia. The discourse underpinning the U.S.-China relationship, however, remains understudied. During key moments in the relationship, U.S. policymakers’ Realist intellectual frameworks failed to account for Chinese nationalism, suggesting a problem embedded within …
Knowing China, Losing China: Discourse And Power In U.S.-China Relations, Shankara Narayanan
Knowing China, Losing China: Discourse And Power In U.S.-China Relations, Shankara Narayanan
Honors Scholar Theses
The U.S. government’s 2017 National Security Strategy claimed, “China and Russia challenge American power, influence, and interests, attempting to erode American security and prosperity.”[1] Three years later, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the U.S. foreign policy community’s discursive shift towards Realist competition with China, with officials from the past three presidential administrations coming to view China as a threat to democratic governance and America’s security posture in Asia. The discourse underpinning the U.S.-China relationship, however, remains understudied. During key moments in the relationship, U.S. policymakers’ Realist intellectual frameworks failed to account for Chinese nationalism, suggesting a problem embedded within …
Isolation Versus Engagement: The Economic Factors In Sino-Canadian Relations, 1960s-1970s, Brendan Williams
Isolation Versus Engagement: The Economic Factors In Sino-Canadian Relations, 1960s-1970s, Brendan Williams
Bridges: An Undergraduate Journal of Contemporary Connections
This essay seeks to present a historic overview of this relationship as it developed between the 1960s and 1970s and showcase how certain events impacted this development. Canada has had a steadily growing economic relationship with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since the latter’s reform and opening up policy under Deng Xiaoping in 1978. The development of this relationship was not a forgone conclusion, as Cold War tensions initially heightened ideological tensions between Maoist China and capitalist democracies like Canada. The path of normalization was impacted by both domestic and international events involving both Canada and the PRC, which …
Will War's Nature Change In The Seventh Military Revolution?, F. G. Hoffman
Will War's Nature Change In The Seventh Military Revolution?, F. G. Hoffman
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
This article examines the potential implications of the combinations of robotics, artificial intelligence, and deep learning systems on the character and nature of war. The author employs Carl von Clausewitz’s trinity concept to discuss how autonomous weapons will impact the essential elements of war. The essay argues war’s essence, as politically directed violence fraught with friction, will remain its most enduring aspect, even if more intelligent machines are involved at every level.
Geopolitical Implications Of The Sino-Japanese East China Sea Dispute For The U.S., Bert Chapman
Geopolitical Implications Of The Sino-Japanese East China Sea Dispute For The U.S., Bert Chapman
Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research
Much analysis on Asian strategic challenges facing the U.S. has justifiably emphasized the South China Sea (SCS). This has also been reflected in 2016 presidential campaign debate on the SCS as an emerging area of U.S. foreign and national security policy concern. The East China Sea (ECS) is at least as important for the strategic interests of the U.S. and its allies given the tension between China and Japan over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands, potential energy resources in this body of water, increasing defense spending by adjacent geographic powers, the area’s importance as a maritime international trade route, and the possibility …
India China Cultural Relations: Background And Prospects, Vivek Kumar Srivastava Dr.
India China Cultural Relations: Background And Prospects, Vivek Kumar Srivastava Dr.
Vivek Kumar Srivastava Dr.
This paper tries to identify the roots of India-China relations and the role of cultural bridge in the resolution of their problems.
Hagiography & Historicity: Li Wenyu's Quanhuo Ji Account Of The 1900 Siege Of Beitang, Anthony E. Clark
Hagiography & Historicity: Li Wenyu's Quanhuo Ji Account Of The 1900 Siege Of Beitang, Anthony E. Clark
History Faculty Scholarship
By 1879 the Shanghai Jesuit, Li Wenyu, SJ, 李問漁 (1840-1911) had distinguished himself as one of Shanghai’s leading writers and editors; he had established both Yiwenlu, 益聞錄 Shanghai’s third newspaper, and the Gezhixinbao, 格致新報 the area’s most popular scientific journal. Less famous, though habitually consulted by historians of China’s turbulent Boxer era (1898-1900), was his protracted and hagiographic narrative of Boxer violence, the Quanhuoji 拳禍記. Li’s meticulous collection of witness testimonies and documentary materials recounting Boxer incidents remains an often-cited source in present historical research; this paper examines the historical reliability of his Quanhuoji, first published in 1905. Careful scrutiny …
Defying De-Stalinization: Albania’S 1956, Elidor Mehilli
Defying De-Stalinization: Albania’S 1956, Elidor Mehilli
Publications and Research
Drawing on recently declassified Albanian, Soviet, East German, and Western archival sources, as well as a rich historiography on Nikita Khrushchev's secret speech and the Hungarian revolution of 1956, this article investigates the little-known events of 1956 in Albania. Rejecting de-Stalinization, the Albanian Communist leader Enver Hoxha was able to vindicate his position against Yugoslavia's brand of socialism abroad, fortify his rule at home, and claim more aid from Moscow, Beijing, and the Soviet bloc. This article discusses the Tirana Party Conference of April 1956, treating the Albanian Party of Labor (the Communist party) as an “information society.” The article …
The Politics Of A Gesture: The Impact Of Nixon’S Visit To China On Nixon’S Presidency, Samuel Tofte
The Politics Of A Gesture: The Impact Of Nixon’S Visit To China On Nixon’S Presidency, Samuel Tofte
Psi Sigma Siren
The importance of a symbolic gesture in diplomacy is very difficult to gauge. Diplomats often embark on social functions, meetings and trips to international countries in order to make contact with foreign diplomats and build relationships with governments. This is an effective means of forging political relationships, but how important is it when it comes to international policy and treaty negotiation? In short, it is extremely important in the process of policy-making, even without the tangible evidence showing its significance. Establishing contact can be the most difficult and arduous step in the road to good diplomatic relations, a fact that …
Uncoiling The Modern Sino-American Relationship, Amanda Mcatee
Uncoiling The Modern Sino-American Relationship, Amanda Mcatee
Psi Sigma Siren
For this particular paper I seek to qualify the true nature of the Sino-American relationship as it has developed over the last quarter of the twentieth century. To more fully appreciate the complex relationship that evolved between such seemingly antithetical nations, I will critically review both James Mann‘s About Face: A History of America’s Curious Relationship with China, From Nixon to Clinton and Margaret MacMillan‘s Nixon and Mao: The Week that Changed the World. This paper will specifically focus on evaluating the similarities and inconsistencies between Mann‘s and MacMillan‘s theses, elucidate the structural differences between each author‘s arguments, and …
Memorandum On Far Eastern Policy, May 22, 1933, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Memorandum On Far Eastern Policy, May 22, 1933, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Documents, 1919-1938
A typed copy of a memorandum on Far Eastern Policy by Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson, dated May 22, 1933. Within, Wilson writes on the current state of the Japan-Manchuria conflict.
Outline Of The Far Eastern Crisis, February 2, 1932, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Outline Of The Far Eastern Crisis, February 2, 1932, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Documents, 1919-1938
A typed copy of a memorandum entitled, "Outline of the Far Eastern Crisis", written by Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson and dated February 2, 1932. Within, Wilson addresses the history of the Far Eastern question, the current state of conflict between China, Japan and Russia and the threat it poses to the Open Door Policy.
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Frederick D. Field, March 25, 1931, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Frederick D. Field, March 25, 1931, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Documents, 1919-1938
A typed copy of a letter by Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson to Frederick D. Field, dated March 25, 1931. Within, Wilson answers Field's previous inquiry into Wilson's role within the US government's Far Eastern policies during his time in office.
Letter From Philander Knox To Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson, August 19, 1918, Philander C. Knox
Letter From Philander Knox To Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson, August 19, 1918, Philander C. Knox
World War I Era Documents, 1914-1918
A typed letter from Philander Knox to Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson, dated August 19, 1918. Within, Knox writes about his time in Valley Forge and mentions an upcoming report about foreign loans in China.
The Japanese Mission And The War, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
The Japanese Mission And The War, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
World War I Era Documents, 1914-1918
A typed copy of an essay entitled, "The Japanese Mission and the War", by Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson, dating from circa 1917. Within, Wilson writes on the upcoming visit to the United States by Ishii Kikujiro, the history of Japan's involvement in the war, and the current politics surrounding Japan and the U.S.
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Herbert Parsons, April 1, 1913, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Herbert Parsons, April 1, 1913, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Other Correspondence
In this copy of a typed letter from Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson to Herbert Parsons, Huntington-Wilson thanks Parsons for his letter in connection to Wilson's resignation. He thanks Parsons for his well wishes and advice on the Chinese policy and the Crane incident.
Letter From Herbert Parsons To Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson, March 20, 1913, Herbert Parsons
Letter From Herbert Parsons To Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson, March 20, 1913, Herbert Parsons
Other Correspondence
This handwritten letter from Herbert Parsons to Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson advises Wilson to write a history of the State Department's recent dealings with China as well as documenting the incident involving Charles Richard Crane.
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Woodrow Wilson, March 19, 1913, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Woodrow Wilson, March 19, 1913, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Other Correspondence
In this copy of a typed letter to the President, Huntington-Wilson discusses his regret that he must resign from his position of Assistant Secretary of State due to his disagreement with Wilson's policies regarding China and the Far East.
Letter From Philander C. Knox To Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson, August 3, 1912, Philander C. Knox
Letter From Philander C. Knox To Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson, August 3, 1912, Philander C. Knox
Correspondence With Philander C. Knox
The document is a typed letter from the Secretary of State to Huntington Wilson concerning the appropriations bill and Knox's upcoming vacation.
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Philander C. Knox, September 9, 1911, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Philander C. Knox, September 9, 1911, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Correspondence With Philander C. Knox
The document is a copy of a typed letter from Huntington Wilson to the Secretary of State respecting several matters at the State Department while Knox was away, including strategies in Panama and a loan to China.
Memorandum On The American Loan To Honduras, February 26, 1911, Unknown
Memorandum On The American Loan To Honduras, February 26, 1911, Unknown
Notes, Speeches, Articles, and Addresses
The document is a transcribed copy of a newspaper article from the Washington Star concerning the American loan and interference in Honduras. The loan was made by a group of American bankers, and so the American government also has to ally itself with the Honduras government to protect the interests of its citizens. This interference relies on the backing of the Monroe Doctrine and the idea that the United States should promote peace and prosperity in its neighbors.
Secretary Knox Harnesses Wall Street To Serve American Diplomacy, 1911, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Secretary Knox Harnesses Wall Street To Serve American Diplomacy, 1911, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Notes, Speeches, Articles, and Addresses
A typed copy of an essay entitled, "Secretary Knox Harnesses Wall Street to Serve American Diplomacy", written by Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson and dating from circa 1911. Within, Wilson discusses Philander Knox's work in utilizing Wall Street to aid in maintaining the Open Door Policy in China.
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Philander C. Knox, December 23, 1910, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Philander C. Knox, December 23, 1910, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Correspondence With Philander C. Knox
The document is a carbon copy of a typed letter from Huntington Wilson to the Secretary of State concerning updates on diplomacy in China and Japan.
Memorandum From Hugh S. Gibson To Philander C. Knox, November 12, 1910, Hugh Simons Gibson
Memorandum From Hugh S. Gibson To Philander C. Knox, November 12, 1910, Hugh Simons Gibson
Correspondence With Philander C. Knox
The document is a typed memorandum from Hugh S. Gibson to the Secretary of State concerning the leaking of information from officers of the Navy and War Departments.
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Philander C. Knox, August 12, 1910, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Philander C. Knox, August 12, 1910, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Correspondence With Philander C. Knox
The document is a carbon copy of a typed letter from Huntington Wilson to the Secretary of State concerning a number of diplomatic matters including: the Hukuang Loan; the Chin-Ai railway project; US political pressure in Nicaragua and the strength of President Madriz; the Honduras loan; vacancies at the Embassy in Mexico; and the Peru-Ecuador mediation.
Memorandum On The Chin-Ai Project, August 1910, Unknown
Memorandum On The Chin-Ai Project, August 1910, Unknown
Other Correspondence
The document is a copy of a memorandum on the Chin-Ai railway project in China. It discusses a meeting with representatives from Kuhn, Loeb and Company, the National City Bank, and the First National Bank in which is discussed payment for the project as well as the Hukuang loan and the involvement of other governments, specifically Great Britain and Germany.
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Philander C. Knox, July 15, 1910, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Letter From Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson To Philander C. Knox, July 15, 1910, Francis Mairs Huntington-Wilson
Correspondence With Philander C. Knox
The document is a copy of a typed letter from Huntington Wilson to the Secretary of State concerning matters in the East and Near East, including: U.S. interest in building railways in Turkey and China, German and Russian attitudes, mining in Western Siberia and the Jewish question in Russia.