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Full-Text Articles in History
Table Annexed To Article: The Articles Of Confederation In Mr Text Format, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: The Articles Of Confederation In Mr Text Format, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Our Constitutional Logic supplies text of important constitutional documents in MR (machine readable aka machine searchable) text format and CTU (Constitutional Text Unit) format; these presentations follow strict guidelines. The 3,453 words of the Articles of Confederation are tabled, with the ‘In Witness Whereof’ excluded, but the Preamble included. MR Text is presented here
Table Annexed To Article: Madison's Apology For The Fall Of Washington In Mr Text, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Madison's Apology For The Fall Of Washington In Mr Text, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
As for his explanation for his failed leadership in support of regular and militia forces at Bladensburg, Madison held his fire during his lifetime; posthumous publication of important and highly nuanced writings – amounting to his apology to the nation for his failures – were finally acquired by Congress and published in 1865 (the Lippincott edition). Of four groupings of documents his Memorandum, dated August 24, 1814 and his Memorandum, referencing August 29, 1814, both written long afterwards are presented in MR text format by Our Constitutional Logic.
Table Annexed To Article: The Art Of War By Baron Henri De Jomini In Mr Text, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: The Art Of War By Baron Henri De Jomini In Mr Text, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The Baron Henri de Jomini’s Grand Tactique, first published in France (1805), went through a number of different editions and appeared under different titles and in different series throughout the first half of the Nineteenth Century. Although a reduction/translation of the work appears as John Armstrong’s Hints to Young Generals, which Our Constitutional Logic has published (for the first time) in MR text at 2 OCL 651, Jomini’s Grand Tactique was not faithfully rendered into English until 1862 (with a follow on printing in 1865) by Capt. G.H. Mendell and Lt. W.P. Craighill. Since OCL has compared this edition with …
An Exposition Of The Causes And Character Of The War, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
An Exposition Of The Causes And Character Of The War, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
In 1815 Congress produced a post-mortem, its second of the War of 1812, under the title ‘An Exposition of the Causes and Character of the War,’ with a word count at 32,363. The date assigned for publication by the Annals of Congress (according to editors working at a two-decade remove) was February 10. A lot was happening. Events in February, 1815 include the Thankgiving resolution for Jackson’s victory at New Orleans which appears in proceedings for Wednesday February 15 with Monday, February 20 being the day the Treaty of Ghent was sent to the Senate. The Exposition is decidedly exculpatory: …
Table Annexed To Article: An Exposition Of The Causes And Character Of The War, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: An Exposition Of The Causes And Character Of The War, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
In 1815 Congress produced a post-mortem, its second of the War of 1812, under the title ‘An Exposition of the Causes and Character of the War,’ with a word count at 32,363. The date assigned for publication by the Annals of Congress (according to editors working at a two-decade remove) was February 10. A lot was happening. Events in February, 1815 include the Thanksgiving resolution for Jackson’s victory at New Orleans which appears in proceedings for Wednesday February 15 with Monday, February 20 being the day the Treaty of Ghent was sent to the Senate. The Exposition is decidedly exculpatory: …
Table Annexed To Article: Hints To Young Generals By John Armstrong Jr. In Mr Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Hints To Young Generals By John Armstrong Jr. In Mr Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The Baron Henri de Jomini’s Grand Tactique, first published in France (1805), was appropriated by John Armstrong, immediately before his appointment to serve as Madison’s Secretary of Defense. The Senate reluctantly confirmed him over determined opposition. Armstrong brought a remarkable and very recent credential to his role as Secretary of Defense, which must be taken as compensating for his leading role in the Newburgh conspiracy of 1783. Perhaps as a measure of atonement for this disservice, Armstrong published (the previous summer, July 1, 1812) a slim volume Hints to Young Generals by an Old Soldier, distilling Jomini’s Grand Tactique (1805) …
Table Annexed To Article: Admiral Cochrane's Dispatches From The Chesapeake Campaign In Rc Text Format (1814), Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Admiral Cochrane's Dispatches From The Chesapeake Campaign In Rc Text Format (1814), Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
On August 28 and September 2, 1814 Adm. F. I. Cochrane messaged private dispatches to Henry Bathurst, third Earl Bathurst, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, who held this position from 1812 to 1817; Cochrane’s dispatches on the prospects for the 1814 Chesapeake campaign following the fall of Washington were decidedly gloomy. He wanted 4,000 more troops, sought permission to enlist black troops (resistance to tropical diseases was presumably the attraction), offered to launch a feint against Rhode Island in support of Canadian home defense, and generally cast about for ways to make his forces useful until his …
Table Annexed To Article: William Blackstone’S Commentaries On The Laws Of England In Machine Readable Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: William Blackstone’S Commentaries On The Laws Of England In Machine Readable Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Our Constitutional Logic presents, in machine readable text (MR text format) Wm. Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765). The text is derived from a variety of public domain sources. The format enables machine searching. The word count returns 658,058 words. (The Federalist essays count 189,467 words.) The text excludes page numbering – there are at least two competitors and no clear winner – but includes all of the original footnotes and the four introductory sections. There is no mystery in WB’s science. In any event WB’s ‘_science’ hits (at 41) yield a log score of -4.2172 which is …
Table Annexed To Article: Henry Adams’S History Of The United States Of America During The Second Administration Of James Madison In Mr Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Henry Adams’S History Of The United States Of America During The Second Administration Of James Madison In Mr Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
In 1890 Henry Adams sent to press his histories of the Jefferson and Madison administrations in nine volumes. Our Constitutional Logic presents machine-readable text of the History of the United States of America During the Second Administration of James Madison. The three volumes in this series (1890) are numbered VII, VIII and IX in the nine volume set but are numbered I, II and III, when considered as a stand-alone series. The 264,016 words deserve their day in fully searchable MR text format and OCL hereby obliges. Additional commentary on Adams as the founder of scientific history in the United …
Table Annexed To Article: John Armstrong's Notices Of The War Of 1812 In Mr Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: John Armstrong's Notices Of The War Of 1812 In Mr Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
John Armstrong’s service as America’s wartime Secretary of Defense (January 13, 1813 – August 29, 1814) offers a confused episode in civilian leadership of any nation’s armed forces. His Notices of the War of 1812 – with a print history dating to 1836, with online editions dating to 1840 – is his attempt to exonerate himself. Our Constitutional Logic presents Chapter 5 of Volume II which addresses his role in the failed defense of the City of Washington. The alert reader may care to combine this reading with Armstrong’s Hints to Young Generals (1812), which Our Constitutional Logic has published …
Henry Adams's History Of The United States Of America During The Second Administration Of James Madison In Mr Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Henry Adams's History Of The United States Of America During The Second Administration Of James Madison In Mr Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
In 1890 Henry Adams sent to press his histories of the Jefferson and Madison administrations in nine volumes. Our Constitutional Logic presents machine-readable text of the History of the United States of America During the Second Administration of James Madison. The three volumes in this series (1890) are numbered VII, VIII and IX in the nine volume set but are numbered I, II and III, when considered as a stand-alone series. The 264,016 words deserve their day in fully searchable MR text format and OCL hereby obliges. Additional commentary on Adams as the founder of scientific history in the United …
Madison’S Semantic Purity Project And Its Sisters, Peter Aschenbrenner
Madison’S Semantic Purity Project And Its Sisters, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Madison’s semantic purity project foundered on a reef of Hamiltonian dimensions; its lack of success should intensify our interest in all of its programmatic aspects. This broader view is provided by treating two of JM’s projects – named as Madison’s Ratifications: Exploiting Ratification Debates and Madison’s Taxonomy: Fifteen Methods of Constitutional Reasoning – as co-equal to Madison’s Semantic Purity: Procedures at Risk. The article follows on The Doctrine of Semantic Purity: Madison’s Project (and its Difficulties) Introduced, 2 OCL 798
Table Annexed To Article: Bentham’S 1789 Footnote To The Introduction To The Principles Of Morals And Legisation [Revised Edition, 1789], Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Bentham’S 1789 Footnote To The Introduction To The Principles Of Morals And Legisation [Revised Edition, 1789], Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
In the 1789 (revised edition) of Jeremy Bentham’s The Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, Bentham appended a footnote of 4,089 words. First, Our Constitutional Logic leaves various identifiable exceptions to one side. Second, Bentham’s sentences may be taken in natural or semi-regimented style. All laws may be divided into three types: commands, prohibitions and permissions. Leaving to one side Bentham’s wheelbarrow of neologisms, ‘Bentham’s Sieve’ receives its due attention.
Table Annexed To Article: Using A Control Group To Measure Words Of Science In Selected Works: An Introduction To Scoring Word Frequencies, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Using A Control Group To Measure Words Of Science In Selected Works: An Introduction To Scoring Word Frequencies, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
OCL selected fourteen words in a ‘words of science’ family: system, science, math, arithmetic, geometry, abstract, logic, theory, paradox, fallacy, hypothesis, experiment, symmetry, calculus. The words were tested against four target files and a control file. The latter was a basket of five literary works by British authors. The four target files were: Blackstone’s Commentaries, Bentham’s Fragment on Government, the Federalist essays and twenty prefaces to congressionally sponsored multi-volume works with publication dates 1815-1861.
Table Annexed To Article: Machine Readable Text: A Working List Of Texts Posted On Line, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Machine Readable Text: A Working List Of Texts Posted On Line, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
A working list of all machine readable texts which Our Constitutional Logic has published to date (or which are in progress) is supplied.
The Great Divorce I: Was Wm. Blackstone’S Investigation Of ‘Thirty-Five’ Gradual Improvements (In The Final Chapter Of The Commentaries) A Scientific Enterprise?, Peter Aschenbrenner
The Great Divorce I: Was Wm. Blackstone’S Investigation Of ‘Thirty-Five’ Gradual Improvements (In The Final Chapter Of The Commentaries) A Scientific Enterprise?, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
1763 is a convenient point to mark both the conclusion of the Third Silesian War and The Great Divorce, by which the men and women of hard science and the practitioners of law, history, political science and philosophy went their separate ways. As befits nastiness in human affairs, a custody battle diposed maths (including the mature calculus and the nascent statistics) to hard sciences, principally, physics, astronomy, chemistry and biology. Disconsolate, the practitioners of the polysciences struggled forward, suffering further revolutions at the end of the Nineteenth Century. Turf wars in academia were not new, as of the Treaty of …
Table Annexed To Article: Mr Text Of Prefaces To Histories Appearing In Twenty-Eight Congressionally Sponsored Multi-Volume Works With Publication Dates 1815-1861, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Mr Text Of Prefaces To Histories Appearing In Twenty-Eight Congressionally Sponsored Multi-Volume Works With Publication Dates 1815-1861, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
To introduce the first volume of each of the multi-volume works of the twenty-eight Congressionally sponsored multi-volume documentary histories, compilations, recreated debates and similar works the respective authors created 20 different instances of prefatory material, with a total of 122 pages in 42,276 words. These have been keyed into machine readable format and are available for word counts and surveys of frequencies.
Table Annexed To Article: Speeches And Essays Concerning The Neutrality Proclamations Debates, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Speeches And Essays Concerning The Neutrality Proclamations Debates, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
In 1793 Alexander Hamilton and James Madison crafted sixteen essays, public and private letters addressing Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation of April 22, 1793. The pertinent text of the proclamation reads: ‘Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United Netherlands of the one part and France on the other, and the duty and interest of the United States require that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent powers: I have therefore thought fit by these presents to declare the disposition of …
The Pace Of Change In Civil Polity 1688-1765 As Cataloged In Blackstone’S Commentaries On The Laws Of England, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The Pace Of Change In Civil Polity 1688-1765 As Cataloged In Blackstone’S Commentaries On The Laws Of England, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Wm. Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England (in its ultimate chapter, Book IV, Chapter 33) lists 35 changes in English civil society from 1688-1765. The list references sixteen Acts of Parliament, four instances of executive acquisition of power and fifteen instances of judicial reform. These 35 changes in political society over 77 years compute to one change every 2.2 years, making generous allowances for assumptions. OCL investigates.
Table Annexed To Article: A Lexicon Of Scientific And Technical Terms Available To Parliament And Congress (Up To 1900): An Introduction, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: A Lexicon Of Scientific And Technical Terms Available To Parliament And Congress (Up To 1900): An Introduction, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Our Constitutional Logic has launched a survey of U.K. and U.S. statutes in the interval 1707 to 1901. Since 1600 the English language has been enriched by thousands of new words, neologisms, typically featuring Greek or Latin origins. The survey will attempt to fix the rate/s at which these words appeared in statutory text. A report on the investigation (in progress) is supplied.
Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘System’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91, 1793 And Post-Retirement Works, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘System’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91, 1793 And Post-Retirement Works, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The deployment of the word ‘system’ is surveyed, beginning with The Federalist essays, the focus being on the works of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. In the second tranche of works, their efforts – now as opponents – in the bank bill debate are examined along with the appearance of ‘system’ in the Neutrality Proclamation debates; in the third tranche, Hamilton’s public letters (from his retirement as Secretary of the Treasury to his death in 1804) are surveyed; the fourth consists of Madison’s works included in Farrand’s volume 3 of his Records of the Federal Convention.
James Madison And Wm. Blackstone: Introducing ‘The Kinetic Becomes The New Semantic’, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
James Madison And Wm. Blackstone: Introducing ‘The Kinetic Becomes The New Semantic’, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Wm. Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England achieved instant best-seller status in the United Kingdom. Blackstone’s 676,020 words overwhelms, in volume, James Madison’s 5,818 words devoted to the debate over Hamilton’s proposed Bank of the United States in 1791, the outcome of which went against Madison. It would be hard to find two less likely candidates for apples-to-apples comparison than the nascently academic Blackstone and the programmatic Madison. Our Constitutional Logic investigates
A Lexicon Of Scientific And Technical Terms Available To Parliament And Congress (Up To 1900): An Introduction, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
A Lexicon Of Scientific And Technical Terms Available To Parliament And Congress (Up To 1900): An Introduction, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Our Constitutional Logic has launched a survey of U.K. and U.S. statutes in the interval 1707 to 1901. Since 1600 the English language has been enriched by thousands of new words, neologisms, typically featuring Greek or Latin origins. The survey will attempt to fix the rate/s at which these words appeared in statutory text. A report on the investigation (in progress) is supplied.
Mr Text Of Prefaces To Histories Appearing In Twenty-Eight Congressionally Sponsored Multi-Volume Works With Publication Dates 1815-1861, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Mr Text Of Prefaces To Histories Appearing In Twenty-Eight Congressionally Sponsored Multi-Volume Works With Publication Dates 1815-1861, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
No abstract provided.
Bentham’S 1789 Footnote To The Introduction To The Principles Of Morals And Legisation [Revised Edition, 1789], Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Bentham’S 1789 Footnote To The Introduction To The Principles Of Morals And Legisation [Revised Edition, 1789], Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
In the 1789 (revised edition) of Jeremy Bentham’s The Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, Bentham appended a footnote of 4,089 words. First, Our Constitutional Logic leaves various identifiable exceptions to one side. Second, Bentham’s sentences may be taken in natural or semi-regimented style. All laws may be divided into three types: commands, prohibitions and permissions. Leaving to one side Bentham’s wheelbarrow of neologisms, ‘Bentham’s Sieve’ receives its due attention.
A Survey Of Prefaces Appearing In Twenty-Eight Federally Sponsored Multi-Volume Documentary Histories, Compilations, Recreated Debates And Similar Works, With Publication Dates 1815-1861, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
A Survey Of Prefaces Appearing In Twenty-Eight Federally Sponsored Multi-Volume Documentary Histories, Compilations, Recreated Debates And Similar Works, With Publication Dates 1815-1861, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
To introduce the first volume of each of the multi-volume works of the twenty-eight federally sponsored multi-volume documentary histories, compilations, recreated debates and similar works the respective authors wrote a total of 122 pages of prefatory material, covering 20 of these multi-volume works and deploying 42,276 words.
Table Annexed To Article: Blackstone And The Philadelphians, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Blackstone And The Philadelphians, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Word counts help readers see patterns in texts worthy of focused attention. In this case Our Constitutional Logic presents three charts exposing patterns of word usages for “Improvement” “Gradual” and “Science.” The count begins with Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, and continues through Farrand’s vols. 1 and 2 of the Records of the Federal Convention; the Federalist essays and Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice serve as controls or baselines. Scores are reduced to log scale in the charts.
William Blackstone’S Commentaries On The Laws Of England In Machine Searchable Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
William Blackstone’S Commentaries On The Laws Of England In Machine Searchable Text, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Our Constitutional Logic presents, in machine readable text (MR text format) Wm. Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765). The text is derived from a variety of public domain sources. The format enables machine searching. The word count returns 658,058 words. (The Federalist essays count 189,467 words.) The text excludes page numbering – there are at least two competitors and no clear winner – but includes all of the original footnotes and the four introductory sections. There is no mystery in WB’s science. In any event WB’s ‘_science’ hits (at 41) yield a log score of -4.2172 which is …
Table Annexed To Article: The Pace Of Change In Civil Polity 1688-1765 As Cataloged In Blackstone’S Commentaries On The Laws Of England, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: The Pace Of Change In Civil Polity 1688-1765 As Cataloged In Blackstone’S Commentaries On The Laws Of England, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Wm. Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England (in its ultimate chapter, Book IV, Chapter 33) lists 35 changes in English civil society from 1688-1765. The list references sixteen Acts of Parliament, four instances of executive acquisition of power and fifteen instances of judicial reform. These 35 changes in political society over 77 years compute to one change every 2.2 years, making generous allowances for assumptions. OCL investigates.
The Doctrine Of Semantic Purity: Madison’S Project (And Its Difficulties) Introduced, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The Doctrine Of Semantic Purity: Madison’S Project (And Its Difficulties) Introduced, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The notion of semantic purity demands that ‘semantic cues’ from proposed official action, for example, legislation, on reaching back to the most privileged text (MPT), find a welcoming handshake from a corresponding cue in the text. Our Constitutional Logic investigates.