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Analysis Of A Surface Collection From The L. A. Hale (41tt12) Mound Site, Titus County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article, and the three that follow in this volume, are summaries of artifact surface collections obtained by Robert L. Turner, Jr. at four sites in the Big Cypress Creek basin in the Post Oak Savanna and Pineywoods of Northeast Texas. The first surface collection is from the L.A. Hale Mound site (41TTI2) on Blundell Creek, a southward-draining tributary to Big Cypress Creek.

According to Thurmond, the principal component at the L.A. Hale Mound site is an Early Caddo (ca. A.D. 900-1200) mound center with extensive midden deposits. There are six mounds at the site, two large platform mounds (Mounds …

Archaeological Investigations At The Pine Snake Site, An Allen Phase Settlement On Flat Creek In Northwestern Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Mark Walters, James Feathers

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Pine Snake site is a recently discovered late 17th to early 18th century Caddo Indian archaeological site located on private land in the northwestern part of Cherokee County, Texas, in the valley of a westward flowing tributary to the Neches River. This is an area of the Pineywoods of East Texas that contains extensive numbers of Caddo archaeological sites along all major and minor streams. Post-A.D. 1400 Frankston phase and post-A.D. 1650 Historic Caddo Allen phase sites, especially cemeteries dating to either phase, are particularly abundant in this part of East Texas. This article summarizes the findings from archaeological …

Analysis Of The Prehistoric Artifact Assemblage Of Ceramic And Lithic Artifacts From 41lr351, Lamar County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Site 41LR351 was first recorded during the 2005 Texas Archeological Society summer field school on the Stallings Ranch in Lamar County, Texas. This prehistoric site is on a natural knoll (420-430 feet amsl) in the headwaters of Pine Creek, a northward-flowing tributary of the Red River, in the Post Oak Savannah. The site has been excavated by the Valley of the Caddo Archeological Society, and a large prehistoric Caddo ceramic assemblage has been recovered, along with a substantial chipped stone tool and debris assemblage. The analysis of the ceramic and lithic artifact assemblages from the site is the subject of …

The Linebarger Site On Dry Creek, Camp County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Linebarger site (41CP493) is an ancestral Caddo site on Dry Creek in Camp County, not far upstream from the Tuck Carpenter site and large Late Caddo Titus phase cemetery. At least four ancestral Caddo burials are known to have been excavated at the Linebarger site in the 1960s, and Perttula documented two vessels and a large chipped biface from burial contexts in the Tommy Johns collection. The Robert L. Turner. Jr. surface collection came from an unspecified habitation area at the site.

The first documented vessel was a small inverted rim carinated bowl with a typologically unidentified engraved motif …

Analysis Of Surface Collections From Areas A And B At The Sam Roberts Site (41cp8) On Prairie Creek, Camp County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Sam Roberts site is a large ancestral Caddo mound center and habitation site on the floodplain of Prairie Creek, an eastward-flowing tributary to Big Cypress Creek, as well as on an upland landform south of the creek. Robert L. Turner, Jr.'s surface collections came from what he labeled Area A (in a plowed field in the floodplain) and Area B (in the uplands), several hundred meters apart. His notes with the collection also indicated that Caddo vessels had been plowed up in another cultivated field well to the east of Area A in the Prairie Creek floodplain.

The two …

Aboriginal Ceramic Sherds From 41ma30 In The Navasota River Basin In Madison County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Aboriginal ceramic sherds from three sites (41MA27, 41MA29, and 41MA30) in the Navasota River basin in the Prairie Savannah of Texas provided the opportunity to investigate their spatial and temporal nature, and to establish with a reasonable certainty their origins, ethnic affiliations, as well as relationships to other ceramic assemblages in the general region. A second collection of nine ceramic sherds is available from 41MA30, and this article describes the analysis of these additional sherds, and then summarizes the character of the larger assemblage (n=30 sherds) as a whole.

Analysis Of A Collection Of Early Caddo Artifacts From The Davis-Mcpeek Mound Site (41ur4/99), Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Davis-McPeek site (41UR4/99) is an Early Caddo (ca. A.D. 900-1200) mound and associated village on an alluvial terrace along Little Cypress Creek, in western Upshur County in East Texas. The site, with one known mound, has been known since the early 1930s, and in the early 1960s Buddy Jones conducted archaeological investigations in the mound. A small collection of ancestral Caddo artifacts from that work are curated at the Gregg County Historical Museum (GCHM, Longview, Texas), and this article provides an analysis of this collection.

Additional Ancestral Caddo Ceramic And Lithic Artifacts From The Three Mounds Creek Site, Gregg County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Three Mounds Creek site is an ancestral Caddo multiple mound center along a southern-flowing tributary to the Sabine River in the Longview, Texas area. Buddy Jones recorded the site in 1956, and noted that it had three mounds. His notes fail to describe the mounds in any fashion, nor their relationship to each other or the landform they were built on, and no map is available that shows the location of the three mounds with respect to where he collected artifacts from the site.

In April 1956, Jones excavated a 9.5 x 12 ft. (2.9 x 3.6 m) unit …

The Sam D. Carpenter Garden Plot Site (41cp496), Camp County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Robert L. Turner, Jr. obtained a surface collection of ancestral Caddo material culture remains from the Sam D. Carpenter Garden Plot site (41CP496) some unknown number of years ago. With records provided by Turner, Bo Nelson has recently recorded the site, and provided the artifacts from the surface collection for analysis.

The site is located in the uplands (330ft. amsl) on the west side of the Big Cypress Creek valley, about 2 km west of the modem channel of Big Cypress Creek. The Sam D. Carpenter Bottom site (41CP495), another Caddo site, is about l km to the east. Prairie …

A Late Caddo Cemetery At The A. Davis Site In The Little Cypress Creek Basin, Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The A. Davis site is a previously unreported Late Caddo period Titus phase cemetery in the Piney woods of the Little Cypress Creek basin in Upshur County, Texas. There are notes and collections from the site in the Buddy Jones collection at the Gregg County Historical Museum, and our analysis of those materials are presented in this article.

The Dave Spencer Site On Middle Lilly Creek In Camp County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Dave Spencer site (41CP497) is an ancestral Caddo site in the Middle Lilly Creek valley in southwestern Camp County, Texas. It is situated on a lower upland ridge slope (350-355 feet amsl) about 200 m south of the current channel of Middle Lilly Creek. This creek is an eastward-flowing stream in the Little Cypress Creek basin.

Robert L. Turner, Jr. identified the site some years ago, and obtained a surface collection from it. The analysis of the artifacts in that surface collection are the subject of this article.

The Mud Creek Site In The Angelina River Basin, Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

There are four vessels in the Buddy Jones collection at the Gregg County Historical Museum from the Mud Creek site, also known as the Damon Ramey site; it has not been formally recorded and does not have a state trinomial. This site is near Reklaw, Texas, by U.S. 84 where it crosses Mud Creek, a major southward flowing tributary to the Angelina River. Bill Young, now deceased, had told the senior author several years ago about a Caddo cemetery at this approximate location on Mud Creek.

According to Jones, a total of five burials were excavated here, although it is …

A Frankston Phase Settlement And Cemetery At The H. C. Slider Site On The Neches River In Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The H. C. Slider site is a previously undocumented Late Caddo habitation site and cemetery in the Neches River valley in western Cherokee County, in the East Texas Pineywoods. The site was found and investigated by Buddy Calvin Jones in November and December 1967. His notes and collections from the site are curated at the Gregg County Historical Museum in Longview, Texas.

According to Jones' notes, the site is on three sandy knolls along a Neches River terrace, approximately 11 miles southwest of the city of Jacksonville. These knolls (A-C) have midden deposits with ceramic sherds and lithic artifacts. Knoll …

The Tom Hanks Site (41cp239): A Late Caddo, Titus Phase Mound Site In The Big Cypress Creek Basin, Camp County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Tom Hanks site (41CP239) is one of a number of Late Caddo, Titus phase (ca. A.D. 1430-1680) mound sites in the Big Cypress Creek basin "heartland." It is situated along an unnamed eastern-flowing tributary to Big Cypress Creek, between Walkers Creek to the north and Dry Creek to the south. Robert L. Turner, Jr. found and reported the site in 1990, and obtained a small surface collection. The artifacts from this surface collection are the subject of this article.

According to Perttula, there are 12 known Titus phase mound sites in the Big Cypress Creek basin. Most of these …

The Sam D. Carpenter Bottom Site (41cp495) In The Big Cypress Creek Basin, Camp County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Leeanna Schniebs

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Robert L. Turner, Jr. obtained a surface collection of ancestral Caddo material culture remains from the Sam D. Carpenter Bottom site (41CP495) an unknown number of years ago. With records provided by Turner, Bo Nelson has recently recorded the site, and provided the artifacts from the surface collection for analysis.

The Sam D. Carpenter Bottom site (41CP495) is situated on a broad and cleared alluvial fan (280 feet amsl) in the Big Cypress Creek valley, with the Prairie Creek valley not far to the south and the Dry Creek valley not far to the north. There are short, intermittent tributaries …

Paleoindian To Middle Archaic Projectile Points From East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article discusses and describes a number of distinctive Paleoindian to Middle Archaic projectile points from East Texas, centering on the middle Sabine River basin and the collecting areas roamed by Buddy Calvin Jones. It is likely that these points were collected in the 1950s and 1960s from the surface at a series of sites in the Sabine River valley.

The Mcminn Ranch Site (41cp72) In The Dry Creek Valley, Camp County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The McMinn Ranch site (41CP72) is a small (less than an acre) prehistoric site on an alluvial terrace along the north side of the lower reaches of Dry Creek, an important eastward-flowing tributary to Big Cypress Creek. In addition to a cluster of several Late Caddo Titus phase settlements and small cemeteries in this part of the valley, there are Middle and Late Caddo settlements and a large Titus phase cemetery at the nearby Harold Williams site (41CP10) as well as a large Titus phase community cemetery at the Tuck Carpenter site (41CP5). This article is a discussion of the …

Analysis Of The Ceramic Sherds From Area C At The Ware Acres Site (41gg31), Gregg County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Ware Acres site (410031) was discovered by Buddy Calvin Jones in 1951 on an alluvial terrace of Grace Creek, a southern-flowing tributary to the Sabine River in the southwestern part of the city of Longview, Texas. The site is best known for Jones' discovery and excavation of an eighteenth century Caddo burial with an abundance of European trade goods. However, Jones also investigated other parts of the site, which contained extensive Caddo habitation deposits, especially one area at the southern part of the site that had Late Caddo Titus phase midden deposits and remnants of house structures. A large …

A Preliminary Temporal Analysis Of The East Texas Archaic, Robert Z. Selden Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article presents preliminary findings of a temporal analysis of the East Texas Archaic based upon the examination of radiocarbon 14C dates from sites that have deposits that date to the period. All assays employed in this effort were collected from research and cultural resource management reports and publications, synthesized, then recalibrated in version 4.1.7 of OxCal using IntCal09.

The date combination process is used herein to refine site-specific summed probability distributions, illustrating— for the first time—the temporal position of each dated archaeological site with an assay that falls within the Archaic. Seventy-three radiocarbon dates from 34 sites serve as …

Additional New Radiocarbon Dates From East Texas Caddo Sites, Timothy K. Perttula, Robert Z. Selden Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

As a follow-up to the radiocarbon analyses reported by Perttula and Selden, in this article, we report on five new radiocarbon dates obtained from Caddo sites in East Texas. The radiocarbon samples are charred organic remains scraped off of one surface of whole vessels or sherds. These samples are from the Ware Acres site, the H. C. Slider site in Cherokee County, an unknown site in the upper Neches River basin in Smith County (9-SC), and an unknown Titus phase site (11-BCJ) in the Big Cypress Creek basin. All of the dates are calibrated using OxCal v4.1.7, with atmospheric data …

Temporal Dynamics Of East Texas Caddo Sites With 10 Or More Radiocarbon Dates, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article represents supplementary data highlighting the specifics of date combination and the subsequent production of summed probability distribution samples for Caddo sites in East Texas. All radiocarbon (14C) dates employed in this effort were collected from research and cultural resource management (CRM) reports and publications, synthesized, then recalibrated in version 4.1.7 of OxCal using IntCal09.

The raw sample of Caddo 14C dates (n=889, with a standard deviation of 58) exceeds the minimum number of dates-750 suggested by Michczynska and Pazdur and 500 by Williams - but the combined sample (n=407, with a standard deviation of 53) does not meet …

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analyses In The Ancestral Caddo Territory, Robert Z. Selden Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In an attempt to better comprehend the geochemical composition of ceramic sherds across the traditional Caddo landscape, the INAA results for 1192 sherds from 164 sires are employed within this discussion (not included in this sample are sherds from sites recovered in central Texas.) After assembling the dataset, two table were used - one with geochemical data, one with site data - to catalog the sample. The shell and bone-tempered sherds were noted, but the calcium correction was only applied to 4% (n=47) of samples known to be shell-tempered.

The Ear Spool Site (41tt653): A Mid-15th To Early 17th Century A.D. Caddo Site In The Sulphur River Basin, Titus County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Ear Spool site (41TT653) is a rather unique ancestral Caddo Settlement in the East Texas Pineywoods. More specifically, it is situated along a small tributary to East Piney Creek, itself a northward flowing tributart to White Oak Creek in the Sulphyr River Basin.

What makes the site unique is its diverse architectural charter as seen in the archaeological evidence of four buildings in two different Late Caddo period, Titus phase occupations, separated by as much as 2-3 generations, from the mid- 15th to early 17th century A.D. In, particular, it is the construction of two specialized structures in the …

The Ranchos Of Los Adaes: Spanish Geography And American Land Claims In Western Louisiana, Darryl Pleaseant

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Discovering the ranchos associated with the Presidio and Mission of Los Adaes has been a research goal for many years. Unfortunately research into the Spanish presence in Western Louisiana never revealed documentary evidence suggesting possible locations for the ranchos. Only generalized information was recovered in regards to a couple of the ranchos but definitely not solid data on their location. Recently it has come to our attention that perhaps our search had the wrong temporal parameters, we apparently should have been focused on the period after Los Adaes was closed. The research presented within the following pages has hopefully resolved …

St. Denis, The Caddo And Others: Letters From Patty Lemee, Patty Lemee

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

There we were, sailing south along the California coastline at the very top of Princess Lines's Love Boat after climbing stairs we probably shouldn't have been climbing. But there were no warning sings, and we were just young enough and foolish enough that we didn't think twice about climbing them. The winds were dangerously strong so we kept a tight grip on the railing and, altogether and simultaneously, we looked up. Awestruck. We were awestruck. No moonlight. Just that gloriously brilliant Milky Way against a pitch black midnight sky.

Preliminary Comments On Dog Interments From Archeological Sites In Northeast Texas: Folklore And Archeology, Jesse Todd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Dogs have been associated with humans for thousands of years, and dog interments—either associated with human interments or as separate interments—also have an antiquity of thousands of years. This brief paper will summarize dog burials in a worldwide context, and then focus on the folklore, ethnology, and archeology of dogs among the Caddo. The information for the dog in Caddo culture will be summarized from George A. Dorsey’s Traditions of the Caddo and John R. Swanton’s Source Material on the History and Ethnology of the Caddo Indians. Then, dog interments from northeast Texas will be listed and discussed. By examining …

Landscape As A Ritual Object: Exploring Some Thoughts On Organized Space In The Great Bend Region In Southwestern Arkansas, Duncan P. Mckinnon

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper proposes a testable model to explore humanistic interpretations of landscapes that have been deliberately arranged, organized, executed, and modified based upon a particular suite of highly integrated political, social, economic, and ideological rules and aspirations about space. This model examines the landscape as a ritual object, embedded with cosmological meaning, purpose, and vision. Using data from archaeogeophysical surveys, excavations, and surface collections, some thoughts on organized space in the Great Bend region in southwestern Arkansas are presented with respect to regional site distributions, cardinal directionality, and intra-site spatial relationships as they exist across the cultural landscape.

Spatial Patterning Of Material Culture Remains And Animal Bone At An Early 18th Century Caddo Site In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The J. T. King site (41NA15) is an early 18th century Caddo habitation site on King Creek, a tributary to the Angelina River. It is situated on the northern route of El Camino Real de los Tejas, about 5 km east of the Camino Real’s crossing of the Angelina River. This is an area where Historic Caddo sites are relatively common, and there are sites generally contemporaneous with the J. T. King site both north and south some distance along King Creek.

Archaeogeophysical and archaeological investigations were conducted intermittingtly at the J. T. King site since May 2008, following the …

Woodland Period Archaeology As Seen From The Attoyac Bayou Basin In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The character of the archaeological record of the Woodland period (ca. 550 B.C.-A.D. 800) in East Texas is discussed in the context of the findings from excavations at four Mossy Grove Culture Woodland period sites at Lake Naconiche in the Attoyac Bayou basin. Of particular concern is information obtained from these sites on local Woodland period settlement patterns and features, and hints of a developing sedentism in the latter part of the period (after ca. A.D. 500/600), subsistence strategies and the use of cultivated plants, their material culture (chipped and ground stone tools and the manufacture and use of ceramic …

Bibliography On Woodland And Caddo Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis And Petrographic Analysis Studies In East Texas, Northwest Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, And Southwest Arkansas, Timothy K. Perttula, Robert Z. Selden Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Characterizing the chemical and mineralogical composition of ceramic vessels and sherds from Woodland and Caddo sites by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and petrographic analysis provides a unique opportunity to gather and investigate empirical evidence from ceramic vessels (and perhaps their contents?) on their trade and exchange at varying scales conducted by ancestral Caddo people with their neighbors, both near and far (i.e., other ancestral Caddo groups as well as non-Caddo communities). This evidence in turn can be used to explore changes in the nature of social and economic relationships between particular Caddo groups and other prehistoric populations. …