History Commons^™

Moorish Revival Synagogue Architecture: Community And Style, Past And Present, Emily S. Jelen

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

The Moorish architectural style, originating in medieval Spain, was revived in the mid-nineteenth century. It became strongly linked with synagogues, first in Germany and then throughout the Western world. My research analyzes why the architects and Jewish communities were so attracted to the Moorish Revival style. During this period, European Jewish communities were tasked with constructing synagogues that could showcase their newfound freedoms as well as their history, culture and aspirations. Many argue that this style was chosen to demonstrate the connection between the communities and their ancient Middle Eastern history.

Perceived Benefits And Barriers To Participation In Exercise Among Jordanian University Students, Khaldoun Hamdan

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

Insufficient physical activity is a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases, therefore; the purpose of this study is to examine university students’ perceived exercise benefits and barriers. This cross-sectional descriptive study used Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale to examine perceived benefits and barriers to exercise among a convenience sample of 517 university students in Jordan. Participants reported significantly higher perceived barriers to exercise than perceived benefits from exercise. The most important perceived barrier to exercise was “I am too embarrassed to exercise”. Moreover, “I will live longer if I exercise” and “exercising increases being accepted by others” were the most important perceived …

Project Management: A Help Or Hindrance A Collaborative Research, Ayman Abu-Rumman

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This small-scale mixed method study explored perceptions of how different project management approaches and tools are used by those working in industry and within academia, and how this may impact on collaborative research projects given their distinct and unique nature. The study also aimed to generate suggestions for how collaboration between industry and academia could be strengthened in the future. Underpinned by a phenomenological perspective, a survey and interviews were conducted with a sample of Jordanian professionals from different industry and academic organisations who had previous experience of working on collaborative research projects. The study identified, consistent with other studies, …

Build A Job Satisfaction Scale From The Views Of Aau Academic Staff In According With The Item Response Theory, Mohammed Marshoud

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

The study aimed to build a job satisfaction scale from the views of AAU academic staff in according with the item response theory, where the population study consisted of all academic members at Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU) for the year (2018/2017), and they approximately reach (257) academic members, the sample consisted of (154) academic members, which constituted 60 of the original study population, (92) males and (62) females who were randomly selected. The study tool was designed and built based on theoretical literature and scales on measuring job satisfaction at universities. the study tool consisted of (60) items which were …

The Level Teachers’ Knowledge In Public Education For Learning Disabilities Students In Regards Of Variables In Kuwait, Ahmad Saeedy

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

Knowledge, Teachers, learning difficulties, Kuwait, Training Experience

Review Of The Curving Techniques To Evaluate University Test Scores: A Critical And Analytical Study, Afif Rahma, Sophie Barguil

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study presents a critical review of the proposed mathematical methods for curving students scores. Through the presentation of these methods, the study attempts to ask key questions such as: the causes of dispersion in the tests results, the criteria and principles on which the curving methods are based, the limits of application of these methods. The study also attempts to examine the role of the cognitive level of the student, the subjective factors related to the process of learning and teaching, the conditions of admission and registration in the university programs, and the impact of the above on the …

The Impact Of Using The Electronic Barcode Test Via Smartphone In The Achievement Of The Graduate Students In The Achievement Of The Graduate Students In The Faculty Of Educational Sciences At Amman Arab University And Their Attitudes Towards It., Jehad Almomani, Moen Alnasraween

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of using barcode via smartphone in the achievement of graduate students in the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Amman Arab University and their attitudes towards it. The sample of this study is consisted of (63 male and female students studying the statistics in the scientific research course at the Faculty of Educational Sciences in the second semester of the academic year (2018-2019). The sample was selected in an intentional manner and it was divided randomly into two groups; one is experimental and the other one is control. To achieve the goal of this …

Human Resources Planning And Its Effect On The Application Of Total Quality Management Of Jazan University, Zakyeh Arishi, Ikhlas Altarawneh

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study aims to examinethe effect of Human Resources Planning on the application of Total Quality Management at Jazan University. It aims to demonstrate the actuality of Human Resources Planning practices and process the application of Total Quality Management in Jazan University. The study adopts the descriptive analytical approach by using self-administrated questionnaire as a data collection method. The questionnaire was distributed to a convenient proper sample out of (100) top management level at human resources officials, and quality officials in Colleges of Arts and Sciences in Al-Ardha and Samtah, College of Education in-Arts Departments in Sabya, Academic Institution for …

Goal Orientation Driving To Study By The Students Institute Science And Technical Physical And Sports Activities In Souk Ahras University, Algeria, Bensayah Samir

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

The purpose of the study was to know the level of goal orientation Driving to study by the students of institute science and technical physical and sports activities in Souk Ahras University, as the differences between them according to the variables of the sex, the level of study and the specialty. For that, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method and has distributed a questionnaire (Elliot & Charch 1997) to a simple of 72 students, then he statistically treated the results using the software spss. We found that students have a high level goal orientation and that there are no …

Harmonization Between The Outputs Of Community Colleges And The Labor Market In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia /Community College In Hafr Al-Batin As A Sample Model, Leena Alkhlewi

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study aims to provide a methodology proposed to achieve harmonizing between the Graduates of community colleges and the Saudi labor market needs. The researcher uses the descriptive survey method. A questionnaire is made to collect credible and acceptable data, whose basic study sample is faculty members in Community Service College in Hafr Al-Batin, which are 32 members. Researcher has got 26 answers, and this study has been applied during academic year 2018G, 1439H. the most prominent results are that there is a high degree agreement of harmonizing between theoretical and applied courses, and that courses of Community College in …

The Degree Of Commitment Of The Faculty Members In The Faculty Of Arts And Sciences In Al-Ahliyya Amman University To The Basic Rules In Building Objective Tests, Attributed To Some Variables, Awnieh Sawalha, Asmaa Al Omary

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study aimed to determine the degree of commitment among faculty members of the Art and Science faculty at Al Ahliyya Amman University to the basic rules in the construction of objective tests of 4 various types; true or false, filling the blank, multiple choice questions, comparison question. And weather the commitment degree is affected by different variables like years of experience and speciality. The study sample consisted of 41 faculty members, who were chosen intentionally from different specialties in the art and science faculty of the 2017/2018 academic year. The researchers developed a tool to measure the degree of …

Knights Of The Round Table Mesa: A Brief Study In The Paintings And Books On The American West, Mitchell A. Gehman

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

This article investigates how printed material and visual arts helped create the image of the cowboy in American popular culture. This perception did much to influence the popular memory of the American West and had significant consequences for the development of American identity.

Botanical Tour Of Christian Art At The National Museum Of Ancient Art (Lisbon, Portugal), Luis Mendonça De Carvalho, Francisca Maria Fernandes, Maria De Fátima Nunes, Miriam Lopes, Maria Vlachou, Paula Nozes, Ana Maria Costa

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Christian works of art, from the middle XIV to early XIX centuries, were studied in order to contribute to a new perspective of the cultural history of plants in Portuguese and European art displayed at the National Museum of Ancient Art (NMAA). The symbolic use of trees, leaves, flowers and fruits in painting, sculpture and tapestry were compared with theological data from the Bible, Apocrypha Gospels and codes of symbols from the XVII to XX centuries, as well as pictorial data from academic literature and photographic databases. We found 40 botanical taxa used as symbols that aimed to reinforce moral …

Nazi-Confiscated Art: Eliminating Legal Barriers To Returning Stolen Treasures, Stephanie J. Beach

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

World War II ended over three-quarters of a century ago, but there still remain prisoners of war. Before and during the war, the Nazis confiscated approximately 650,000 works of art—an “art theft” orchestrated by Adolf Hitler to rid society of Jewish art and artists and to collect worthy works to build his own art capital. Seventy-five years later, looted Holocaust-era artworks are still either undiscovered or in the possession of museums across the globe without proper ownership attribution or payment to Holocaust survivors or their heirs. There are modern remedies, such as the 1998 Washington Conference on Holocaust Era Assets, …

Culture Based Tourism Study In New Normal Era In Badung District, Fera Belinda

International Review of Humanities Studies

The tourism sector in Indonesia is rapidly declining due to the impact of the co-19 pandemic that occurred in various parts of the world, including in Indonesia. Entering a new era of normalcy, or a new normality of what is the condition of tourism in Indonesia, is it able to rise again and what is the strategy? Bali Province, can be said to be the epicenter of tourism in Indonesia. In this article discusses case studies in Badung Regency, related to culture-based tourism with qualitative research methods to analyze the data collected. The theory used is the theory of marketing …

Document Of Lists Register Of The Musaqefat "Taxes" Of Sultan Mohamed Khan ( 1327 – 1337 A.H L 1909 – 1918 A.D ) "Study & Publish", Prof . Hosain Bin Abdul Aziz Bin Hosain Shafie

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The instruments of endowments and documents are considered one of the most important undoubted historical resources due to the important historical facts they carry, such as the names the administrators of the endowment as well as the era of the endowment. Reading those documents is not an easy task due to their patterns that varied between Naskh and alraqea, in addition to the analysis of each piece of information appearing on the document. This endowment represents a great importance in Mecca entails as it significantly impacted the study of the important role of the workers in the Grand mosque …

Rehabilitation Of Domat Al-Jandal Archaeological Site, Prof.Hissah Obaid Alshammari

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Domat al-Jandal site contains a wealth of diverse monuments, reflecting the historical depth of the area, as it was a conduit for commercial convoys and a display for many important historical events.
Accordingly, this study aims to find appropriate solutions to preserve this significant archeological site, rehabilitate it , and develop it architecturally, culturally and economically, highlighting its cultural features and its historical dimension.
Before this, the study begins with a brief overview of Domat al-Jandal site in terms of identifying its location and determining the morphological stages it passed through (its planning, its architectural design, and the architectural …

The Chronology Of The Cat King (Pami) According To The Monuments, Dr.Heba Maher Mahmoud

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Rare evidences were found for the Cat King (789-784 B.C) who is variously spelled as, Pami, Pemu , or Pamiu. There is a misconception transcription of his name as Pimay (PA-mAi) which means a lion. The term was used by past historians based on the misreading of a small statuary group (CG 9430). Furthermore, there is no guarantee that the group belongs to King Pami. Hence, there is no evidence that he was son of King Shoshenq III (841–803B.C). It is highly probable that another king Shoshenq, called Shoshenq IIIa or Shoshenq Ib (?- 790 B.C) with the Throne …

The Professions And Hierarchy Of Nekhebu, Dr.Ahmed Hamdy Hamdy Abdelmoniem

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The aim of this paper is to examine the titles and professions of an Old Kingdom official particularly a sixth dynasty royal Architect who performed the tasks of his career under the sovereign Pepi I.

Mr(i)-PtH-anx-mry-Ra was the full name of that official who was also called Nekhebu, his tomb is located in Giza near king Cheop’s great pyramid, his father was possibly khnementi the owner of tomb G 2374 but the name of his mother was still unknown.

The paper provides a general overview of Nekhebu’s practical life through a detailed analysis of the different and various titles …

The Concept And Utilization Of Swastika ‘Hooked Cross’ On Islamic Artefacts, Dr.Boussy Zidan

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Swastika’ is an equilateral hooked cross, it is one of the symbols that became popular to several nations of different cultures since prehistoric times. This symbol was associated, or rather, became symbol for some religious beliefs and spiritual concepts in some ancient civilizations. It has been extensively transmitted among several nations. Such prevalence proves the popularity that hooked cross ‘Swastika’ had attained, however, this caused the difficulty in determining its place of origin. Some historical studies suggested India as ‘Swastika’s’ homeland by the end of the Bronze Age, since it was predominantly a religious symbol of Hindus, Jains, and …

Early Manuscripts Of Quran (Through Data Of Hijazi Calligraphy And Archaeological Evidence), Adnan Mohammed Al-Shareef, Yasser Ismail Abdul Salam

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This research tackled the manuscripts of the early Quran (through the data of Hijazi calligraphy and archaeological evidence), reviewing the spelling phenomena that characterized Quran writing in close relation to the reality of Arabic writing. It also attempted to enlist the characteristics of calligraphy in early Quran copies as influenced by Nabataean script or what might be called early Arabic calligraphy (Hijazi calligraphy), comparing it with early Arabic inscriptions. Moreover, the study identified the relationship between the spelling system used in writing early Quran copies and the one used in early Arabic inscriptions, and attempted to conceive ways of …

Lights On The Royal Guard Through The Significance Of Two Titles Ḫnty-Š And Šmsw, Naglaa Fathy Shehab

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The concept of royal protection in ancient Egypt was not only of great significance, but it was a variable, in accordance with the events of the times. The royal guards have an essential role throughout the Egyptian times in the service of the king or in securing them during their daily life work likewise in war but unfortunately, we don't know that much about ancient Egyptian guards. But with a few bits and pieces of information in historical records, like scenes on tomb walls and titles, we can still get an idea of ancient Egyptian guards and their duties. …

The Marble Bases Of Kunya Ark And Tash-Hauli Palaces In Khiva During The 13th Ah/ 19th Ad Century, Huda Salah El-Deen Omar

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Khiva is one of the most important cities in Central Asia and it has great geographical, historical, commercial and cultural significance. The architectural style of Khiva was characterized by use of the graceful carved wooden columns inside and outside the buildings in the city, whether religious buildings such as mosques or civil buildings (i.e. palaces and houses).

These columns are usually based on marble or stone bases, not wood. Marble and stone are characterized by hardness, strength and durability in carrying wooden columns and protect them from damage due to humidity, rain and snow in the winter.

Marble bases …

Cross- Cultural Exchange Between The Islamic World And Europe (Iznik Ceramic And Italian Maiolica As A Case Study), Boussy Zidan

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The word ceramic is a term taken directly from the western world. It had been used to define the pots crafted in tile technique. In the Ottoman records “Evanî” was used instead of ceramics and “Kaşî” for tiles. This paper deals with the history of pottery in the Islamic world and in Europe. Islamic world is represented by Iznik. Iznik, historically Nicaea, town in the northwestern of Turkey. It lies on the eastern shore of Lake İznik. In 1331 A.D, Nicaea was besieged and conquered by the Ottoman Turks, who renamed it İznik. On the other hand, European pottery …

The Contribution Of The Domesticated Camel And Advanced Irrigation Techniques (The Horizontal Well/Falaj System) To The Iron Age Economy And Settlement Patterns Of The Oman Peninsula And Arabia., Kamel Moussa ,Noha

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

Iron Age II is considered the classical period of the Iron Age (figure: 2^([1])). This period shows sudden increase in distribution and diversification in settlement pattern, in South-eastern Arabia ^([2]). The settlements during this period expanded to include inland ^([3]), mountains ^([4]) and coastal sites ^([5]). Settlements became more diverse to include non-residential architecture. An appearance of irrigation technology (Falaj) along with camel domestication coincides with this increase. This increase was accompanied by regional ^([6])(between the varied types of settlements) and …

Kamran Island In Yemen During The Islamic Era Cultural And Archaeological Study, Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Rahman

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) Kamran Island is one of the most important and largest islands on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden because of its distinguished location. It overlooks the most important sea lanes in the world, which reach the east and west. It is one of the most important nature reserves. It is the Pearl of the Red Sea Islands. Kamran Island is considered one of the most important and largest Yemeni islands on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. It administratively follows the province of Al-Hodeidah.

The island includes a variety of archaeological, religious, military and civil …

The Bagouria Barrage 1281 Ah / 1864 Ad:An Archaeological Architectural Study, Badr Abdelaziz

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The Bagouria Barrage is one of the most important establishments that were built in the field of irrigation engineering in the governorate of Menoufia during the reign of Khedive Ismail in 1281 AH/ 1864 AD. The Bagouria Barrage consists of five openings with semi-circular arches. It is noted that the Barrage arches are based on stone pillars separated from each other by openings equipped with iron gates used to open and close the barrage. On the left of the barrage, from the eastern side, there is a lock dedicated to the passage of ships and boats on the Bagouria …

The Collection Of Ottoman Tobacco Pipes From Azov Museum-Reserve In Russia, Dr. Walid Ali Khalil, Irina Rudolfovna Gusach

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) The Azov museum-reserve (Azov city, the Russian Federation) holds more than 1000 examples (intact ones and fragments) of clay tobacco pipes. All of them are from the excavations carried out on the territory of the former Ottoman fortress Azak (Azov old district) and its surroundings. Until recently, this archeological material has been left unstudied and has not been put into scientific use. The great bulk of finds (over 80%) are Muslim (Turkish) tobacco pipes. These are pipes made by the ceramics craftsmen on the territory of the former Ottoman Empire (Asia Monor, the Crimea, Balkans). They were widely used …

Agricultural Legislation And Its Impact On Economic Conditions In Africa During The Roman Era 146 Bc- 284 Ad, Salma Mohammed Husawi

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This paper presents a critical analytical study of agricultural legislation in the African state under Roman rule, with a review of the most important economic features of the state, and the role played by Romanian politics in the development of African economy. The Roman conquest of Africa in 146 BC brought great changes in various economic conditions in Africa, whether in agriculture, industry or commerce, However, African agriculture was the most economic field that experienced changes, where the Roman made several changes, regarding agricultural land-use and the expansion of agriculture and development of management and division into several types …

Waterways Utilisation In New Kingdom Warfare, Ola Fouad Elaboudy

Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists

(En) This paper tackles the question of waterways in ancient Egyptian military role during the New Kingdom. It aims to present a complete overview of the most important waterways: the Nile River and the Mediterranean Sea, in an attempt to consolidate its role by analyzing the text sources and track the forms in which it was portrayed in military scenes, since so far there has been no study tackling their usage in military aspects. Hence, this paper tries to fill this research gap.

The researcher attempts to provide answers for several questions on the effect of waterways on New kingdom …