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The Black Hawk War Of 1832, John Bowes
The Black Hawk War Of 1832, John Bowes
John P. Bowes
Because it is most often viewed as the last display of violent resistance to American expansion in the Old Northwest, the conflict dubbed the Black Hawk War has received attention from numerous individuals over the past 170 years. Even Black Hawk felt it necessary to explain the war’s causes and events in writing. Patrick J. Jung’s book is the most recent addition to the historiography that examines the Sauk Indian Black Hawk and the conflict of 1832 that has long borne his name. It also follows close on the heels of Kerry Trask’s Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart …
The Gnadenhutten Effect: Moravian Converts And The Search For Safety In The Canadian Borderlands, John Bowes
The Gnadenhutten Effect: Moravian Converts And The Search For Safety In The Canadian Borderlands, John Bowes
John P. Bowes
In 1782, 96 Moravian Indian converts, mostly Munsee Delawares, were systematically massacred at the Gnadenhutten settlement on the Muskingum River in Ohio. After the massacre, they struggled to find a new home in the Great Lakes region. Often finding themselves living in a war zone, the Moravians and the Indians were subject to raids, rumors, and misunderstandings, and in 1792 they made the decision to cross into Canada, where they established a successful settlement on the Thames River in Ontario. Ironically, during the War of 1812, the Battle of the Thames destroyed their settlement, but in 1815 they returned to …