Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

History Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Articles 1 - 16 of 16

Full-Text Articles in History

Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2016 Jan 2016

Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2016

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

No abstract provided.


Cotton, Clemency, And Control: United States V. Klein And The Juridical Legacy Of Executive Pardon, Heather L. Clancy Jan 2016

Cotton, Clemency, And Control: United States V. Klein And The Juridical Legacy Of Executive Pardon, Heather L. Clancy

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

When the guns of war fell silent in 1865, Americans throughout the reunited states grappled with the logistics of peace. At virtually every turn lay nebulous but critical questions of race, class, allegiance, and identity. More pragmatic legal stumbling blocks could also be found strewn across the path to Reconstruction; some of them would ensnare the healing nation for decades to come. Among their number was notorious Supreme Court decision United States v. Klein (1872). Born on July 22, 1865 out of a small debate over the wartime seizure of Vicksburg cotton stores, Klein quickly evolved into a legal …


Front Matter Jan 2016

Front Matter

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

No abstract provided.


"For Safety And For Liberty," The Devan Family Of Gettysburg, Andrew I. Dalton Jan 2016

"For Safety And For Liberty," The Devan Family Of Gettysburg, Andrew I. Dalton

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

This article explores Gettysburg’s 19th century black history through the exciting experiences of the Devan family. Originally from Frederick County, Maryland, they came to Gettysburg as free people of color. In town, one member of the family was suspected of assisting slave catchers by handing over escaped slaves for a profit. Four members of the family served during the Civil War in the United States Colored Troops, three of whom died in the service. This complex story proves the fact that black history is extremely complex and should not be painted by historians with a single brush stroke.


Front Matter Jan 2016

Front Matter

Adams County History

No abstract provided.


Adams County History 2016 Jan 2016

Adams County History 2016

Adams County History

No abstract provided.


The Military Career Of James Gettys, Melissa M. Gettys, Amanda A. Howlett Jan 2016

The Military Career Of James Gettys, Melissa M. Gettys, Amanda A. Howlett

Adams County History

James Gettys was a Federalist, tried and true. From his role in the American Revolution to his final position as Vice Brigadier General during the War of 1812, James understood the necessity for “we the people” to remain united as one, power in numbers. He lived that way, worked that way, and built his town on that premise. Like most of the frontiersmen of his time, his life was difficult, and his rise to the top was not always met with valor. Much like his father, Samuel, James Gettys fought for everything he had, and his attainments were well earned. …


Creating A Statesman: The Early Life Of Prince Clemens Von Metternich And Its Effect On His Political Philosophy, Ryan M. Nadeau Jan 2016

Creating A Statesman: The Early Life Of Prince Clemens Von Metternich And Its Effect On His Political Philosophy, Ryan M. Nadeau

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

As one of the most prolific and influential statesmen of the nineteenth century, Prince Clemens von Metternich is a man whose politics, policies, and political philosophy has received a good amount of attention from historians. Owing to the focus on his career rather than his personal story, the details of his early life have often gone unanalyzed in the context of his later views, despite the formative influence of these years on his political philosophy. An upbringing culturally influenced by France, an education focused on natural sciences and history, and a first-hand experience with the worst side of the French …


Letter From The Editors, Kevin P. Lavery, Anika N. Jensen, Jeffrey L. Lauck Jan 2016

Letter From The Editors, Kevin P. Lavery, Anika N. Jensen, Jeffrey L. Lauck

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

No abstract provided.


"The Honor Of Manhood:" Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain And Notions Of Martial Masculinity, Bryan G. Caswell Jan 2016

"The Honor Of Manhood:" Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain And Notions Of Martial Masculinity, Bryan G. Caswell

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain is perhaps best known as the commander of the 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry during the Battle of Gettysburg. While depictions of Chamberlain's martial glory abound, little attention has been paid to the complicated motives of the man himself. This paper seeks to examine the unique ways in which Chamberlain interacted with Victorian conceptions of martial masculinity: his understanding and expression of it, his efforts to channel it, and his use of it as a guiding principle throughout the trials of both the American Civil War and his post-war life.


"Spare Your Country's Flag": Unionist Sentiment In Frederick, Maryland 1860-1865, Megan E. Mcnish Jan 2016

"Spare Your Country's Flag": Unionist Sentiment In Frederick, Maryland 1860-1865, Megan E. Mcnish

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

The historiography of Frederick, Maryland has maintained in the years since the Civil War that the area was firmly pro-Union. However, through the 1860 presidential election, as well as the reactions of residents of Frederick to the Confederate Army through 1862, it becomes apparent that there was a significant, although perhaps not sizeable, group with Confederate sympathies. In 1863, Frederick County began to shift its sympathies. Through the narrative written by one diarist about the Confederate Army’s march through Maryland prior to the Gettysburg Campaign, the army’s residence in Frederick during the Battle of Monocacy, as well as the 1864 …


Gettysburg Historical Journal 2016 Jan 2016

Gettysburg Historical Journal 2016

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

No abstract provided.


Letter From The Editors, Melanie L. Fernandes, Ryan M. Nadeau, Sophia D. Vayansky Jan 2016

Letter From The Editors, Melanie L. Fernandes, Ryan M. Nadeau, Sophia D. Vayansky

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

The Gettysburg Historical Journal embodies the History Department's dedication to diverse learning and excellence in academics. Each year, the Journal publishes the top student work in a range of topics across the spectrum of academic disciplines with different methodological approaches to the study of history. In the words of Marc Bloch, author of The Historian's Craft, "history is neither watchmaking nor cabinet construction. It is an endeavor toward better understanding." In the spirit of this maxim, our authors strive to elucidate the many facets of human societies and cultures. Whether these young scholars' research is focused on politics, religion, …


"Where We May Oftener Converse Together": Translation Of Written And Spoken Communication In Colonial Pennsylvania, Jenna E. Fleming Jan 2016

"Where We May Oftener Converse Together": Translation Of Written And Spoken Communication In Colonial Pennsylvania, Jenna E. Fleming

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

In this paper I examine the differences between colonists’ and Indians’ perceptions and use of language in early Pennsylvania. Through consideration of translation challenges in both spoken and written contexts, I conclude that while residents of the region created systems for coping with linguistic issues, basic disparities between native and colonial forms of communication persisted in complicating diplomatic relations. The title of the paper is taken from the August 26, 1758 entry in The Journal of Christian Frederick Post and is part of the Pennsylvanian government’s proposal for closer relations with Indians.


Virtus In The Roman World: Generality, Specificity, And Fluidity, Kyle W. Schrader Jan 2016

Virtus In The Roman World: Generality, Specificity, And Fluidity, Kyle W. Schrader

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

Virtus in the Roman world was often cited, by the Romans themselves, to be their defining attribute that allowed them to conquer the Mediterranean. Virtus’ meaning changed throughout the Roman Republic as different successful methodologies came into usage, and eventually the word virtus focused solely on those who were successful, rather than their own moral or practical character.


The Desperate Rebels Of Shimabara: The Economic And Political Persecutions And The Tradition Of Peasant Revolt, Jake A. Farias Jan 2016

The Desperate Rebels Of Shimabara: The Economic And Political Persecutions And The Tradition Of Peasant Revolt, Jake A. Farias

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

The Shimabara Rebellion has been studied throughout history by historians of East Asia. Originally conceived by both Japanese and Western scholars as a religious revolt against the anti-Christian Tokugawa government, later scholars contended that the Rebellion was a demonstration by the mistreated and impoverished and only tacitly related to Christian influences. This paper sets out to build on that narrative and to show the connection between the Christian resistance to the Tokugawa government and the movement of impoverished and desperate peasants, pushed to the brink of existence. Furthermore, this paper hopes to explore the goals of the Rebellion and establish …