History Commons^™

Muscogiana Vol. 33(1), Spring 2022, Mike Bunn, Rachel Dobson

Muscogiana

A Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society

Muscogiana Vol. 32(2), Fall 2021, Mike Bunn, Rachel Dodson

Muscogiana

A journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society.

Millais’ Modern Christ: Religion And Critical Responses To The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood In Nineteenth Century England, Ashley Morse

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores how the press reviewed Pre-Raphaelite paintings in the years 1849 and 1850 with a partial review of 1851. In particular, the focus is on the controversial painting Christ in the House of his Parents by John Everett Millais. This painting became a physical symbol of the many fears that the new modern age brought to Victorian England. Catholic, Irish, and Protestant tensions had been mounting throughout the nineteenth century in England prior to the debut of the painting. Politics and law were beginning to relax restraints on Catholicism in addition to the increased immigration of Irish Catholics. …

Muscogiana Vol. 32(1), Spring 2021, Mike Bunn

Muscogiana

A journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society.

“They Know Too Much Already:” Black Education In Post-Emancipation Era Columbus, Ga, 1866-1876, William Dwayne Thomas

Theses and Dissertations

Despite local histories that have been published on the history of Columbus, Georgia, and its school system, very little has been written about Columbus’s freedmen schools created after the U.S. Civil War. As a result, a comprehensive history of Columbus’s freedmen does not exist, and those written are fragmented. The focus of this study is to document the beginnings of Columbus’s freedmen school efforts in the post-emancipation era, through those African Americans’ own historical voices and experiences. Though an analysis of archived unpublished letters, local and religious newspapers, census data, government documents, and meeting minutes, this study recovers the authentic …

Muscogiana Vol. 31(2), Fall 2020, Mike Bunn

Muscogiana

A journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society

The Spirit Of Columbus: Civil War Memory In The Fountain City, 1865-1880, Kevin Fabery

Theses and Dissertations

During the Civil War men and women from Columbus supported the Confederate war effort through direct military service and the Ladies Soldier’s Friend Society. After the Civil War, the women of Columbus organized the Ladies Memorial Association to beautify Linwood Cemetery and build a Confederate monument. Their efforts between the years 1865 and 1880 was marked by organization of military parades and speech readings during Confederate Memorial Day, and fundraising projects for the creation of the Columbus monument. No research has been done on the work of Columbus’ Ladies Memorial Association. This work is a historic narrative on the efforts …

Muscogiana Vol. 31(1), Spring 2020, Mike Bunn

Muscogiana

A journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society

Fbi Investigations Into The Civil Rights Movement And The New Left, Meredith Donovan

Theses and Dissertations

This paper examines how the FBI investigated civil rights organizations and social movements from the 1950s through the 1970s. It compares the reasons for the investigations, the investigative methods, and the extent of the investigations. The paper uses FBI files as the basis for the information and to form the argument that the FBI chose its targets based on who posed a significant threat to the status quo. The FBI had a social and political motive to suppress dissent against the government and to suppress the people who challenged laws to advance their rights. The movements examined are the civil …

Muscogiana Vol. 30(2), Fall 2019, Mike Bunn

Muscogiana

A journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society

Muscogiana Vol. 30(1), Spring 2019, Mike Bunn

Muscogiana

A journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society

Circular Process Of Labor

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

Our memorial was inspired by the idea of the Trans Atlantic slave trade being glossed over in history. Understanding that people of all ages and genders were incorporated in this slave trade brought the idea of every statue within the memorial being a different gender or age. The memorial’s specific location, White Point Garden in South Carolina, was chosen due to South Carolina harboring a major port in which enslaved Africans were funneled in to America. The floor of the memorial would be a map representing the enslaved African diaspora. The palm trees surrounding the memorial’s location are to be …

Four Corners Exhibit, Columbus, Georgia

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

No abstract provided.

Detrimental Tears, Cooper Kennedy, Jacob Kimball, Monica Roberts, Orlandrea Anderson

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

For our museum we chose to design it as a walkthrough of a ship used during the Transatlantic trade. Through research we were able to understand how slaves on the ship were treated. We were able to understand that slaves were confined to small spaces while linked together with others during voyages. With this we were able to gather ideas on the layout of our museum. First we chose to put a set of metal chains in the museum to give a sense of how slaves had to be transported. As you walk through you will see what it was …

Museum: Wade In The Water, Joanelys Lamberty, Angel Bullard, Michael Pullom

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

The museum Wade in the Water was titled after a freedom song used in the 1800s by slaves to teach through song a passage for safe travel to the North. The location of this museum is located in Boone Hall Plantation in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina.

The Experience: A cycle of a fight for freedom. The Transatlantic slave trade evolved in many directions as the years went on from life-spans among slaves ranging from 2 years or less. After economy changes increased, more slaves took on roles in plantations both in the home and outside in the fields. The journal …

Black House, Jada Smith, Lachantel Allen-Sheppard, Daniel Hill, Nick Daut

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

Our memorial is called “The Black House”, and it has many rooms that symbolize the hardships of enslaved Africans who endured the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Savannah was the perfect place to place a memorial due to the incredibly high amount of people that were sold on auction there. Every year on March 2nd and 3rd, Savannah observes a “Weeping Time” to mourn for the 429 that were sold in 1859, making it the largest amount of people sold in one day. First, you enter through the back door into the kitchen which shows how enslaved women predominantly worked inside. Here, …

National Memorial For The First Twenty, Jerimiah Rapp, Jonathan Derouen, Joy Flowers, Logan Rush

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

The Trans Atlantic Slave Trade was responsible for the enslavement and displacement of many Africans of different ages, genders, and cultures. The memorial presents the diversity in a line of African men, women, and children trudging down a pier in chains, the last figure looking back across the ocean to Africa’s western coast.

The Port of Hampton Roads in Chesapeake, Virginia is the location in which the first enslaved Africans arrived in North America in 1619. Only about 20 of the 60 Africans survived the voyage and departed.

Haitian Victory Garden, Breeanna Mahone, Shaena Wooten

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

The memorial will be a place of remembrance for all the enslaved Africans that lost their lives and those who were freed during the Haitian Revolution. It will serve as a sign of liberty to all Haitians.

History Of "Old Slave Mart", Shayla Tyson, Shanella Thompson, Nedjaina Jovin, Carolyn Jackson

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

After extensive amount of research we collectively agreed we wanted to showcase this history by taking the audience through a journey. A journey that would depicted the horror and pain enslaved Africans had to endure while being forced to migrate from their homes to a foreign place. After force migrating to “The New World” the enslaved people had to suffer through forced labor on plantations that would expect them to be die on in the next two years of their life. We wanted to make this memorial completely raw and uncut, adding on to a already existing place to hit …

Broken Chains Of South Carolina, Mackenzie Sanford, Katelyn Tillis, Colby Harden, Chris Counts

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

6th Chalmers Street, Charleston, SC is important because it is where the Antebellum slave trade was once located. It was the last known slave facility that bought and sold people in South Carolina. In the Slave Voyage Database shows that the Carolinas in North America with a total of 151,481 disembarked, making the Carolinas having the most disembarked from Africa. Many people only picture men when they think of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. While men did play a big part in the slave voyages, women were also very prominent during this time. The majority of ships that took sail had …

African Statue Of Liberty, Jason Bracey, Fredrick Cole, Cierra Fenn, Lauren Bentley

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

Tybee Island is situated at the mouth of the Savannah River, which leads to the city of Savannah. As ships arrived in North America with enslaved men, women, and children they were inspected at Tybee Island for signs of illness, and disease in order to hinder the spread of infectious diseases from overseas. As shipments increased a demand for a quarantine hospital arose. In 1766 lawmakers in Savannah authorized a budget of seventy pounds to seek a location to serve as a receiving juncture for incoming ships. The seventy pound budget was used to purchase 104 acres on the west …

Four Corners Exhibit, Tyler Grant, Cabel Belflower, Hannah Mcghee, Sonnet Moore

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

We chose the location of the “lynching tree” in downtown Columbus as our memorial location. Will Miles and Jesse Slayton were two African Americans who were lynched in Columbus, Georgia in 1896. Will Miles was lynched because of a previous rape of a white woman. Shortly after, Will Miles was lynched. We was brutally shot in the face with a shotgun. Then after he was shot, the mob of angry white southerners heard there was another individual who conducted a heinous act on a white woman and his name was Jesse SLayton. The mob rushed the Columbus jail without any …

The Wanderer, Jaila Stathums, Kayla Arrington, Amya Glenn, India Mobley

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

Our main objective of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade that we focused on was location and how each of the elements like historical background, voyages, and the people who had to endure the conditions collectively brought together our vision.

Considering Savannah, Georgia and its’ surrounding coastal islands, prominence in the historical context of the enslaved Africans, we felt the Wanderer Trans-Atlantic slave ship was the best choice for location and rich history. In order to pay tribute to enslaved Africans, we felt due to the location and historical background of The Wandered ,” memorial ship will best convey our message.

Cartagena De Indias, Fabian Asdrubal, Gabriel Williams, Alvaro Regalado

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

This memorial depicts a pedestal which is supporting a wide pan of sugarcane and gold coins. At the bottom of the pedestal is a set of handcuffs that are wrapped around the pedestal. This memorial relates back to the overall project as it is a figurative representation of slavery in Colombia.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Memorial In St. Croix, Hope Johnson, Rachel Townley, Glenville Challenger

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

The memorial is a full size slave ship that is accessible by a ramp in the front where statues of enslaved peoples can be seen exiting the ship The conditions in the memorial are meant to reflect those on a real slave ship therefore, visitors will be unprotected from the sun on deck and experience close quarters in a dark environment below the deck On deck is where most of the women and children will be found, some together and some alone Underneath the deck visitors will find a majority of men and older boys who are pushed into a …

Circular Process Of Labor, Grace Fournier, Jason Vazquez, Camille Mcalister, Hayden Fritzky

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

Our memorial was inspired by the idea of the Trans Atlantic slave trade being glossed over in history. Understanding that people of all ages and genders were incorporated in this slave trade brought the idea of every statue within the memorial being a different gender or age. The memorial’s specific location, White Point Garden in South Carolina, was chosen due to South Carolina harboring a major port in which enslaved Africans were funneled in to America. The floor of the memorial would be a map representing the enslaved African diaspora. The palm trees surrounding the memorial’s location are to be …

Cormier Beach: The Lasting Effects Of The Haitian Revolution, Brande George, Arika Carter, Alisa Ashford

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

As a group, we decided to focus on the history of slavery in the Caribbean, where most Africans were taken during the trans Atlantic trade. Slavery in the Caribbean was among the most brutal, with lifespans as short as two years and enslaved Africans forced to labor up to 18 hours a day against the tropical climate. The Haitian Revolution was a radical insurrection of enslaved Africans that was successful in overthrowing French colonial rule. It is the spirit of this victory that we wanted to memorialize. In our memorial, we have taken a cannon from Citadelle Laferrière, which was …

Wall Between The Family, Mikaela Wehking, Ashlyn Stafford, Roshin Roychan, Alex Stewart

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

Our memorial will be located at the Liberty Theatre Cultural Center. The Cultural Center is located between 8th and 9th street and 7th and 8th avenue in downtown Columbus, Georgia. This location was ideal for slavers due to the close proximity with the Chattahoochee River.

Because our memorial has to do with families being torn apart, we decided that a Theatre and family environment would be a good place to put the monument with our goal being to draw the most emotion possible.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade In Luanda, Victoria Ayodele, John Hilton, Dynasty Vickers

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

The chains around the border of our memorial are to memorialize and represent the enslaved African Americans that were chained together and brought onto the boat, to places like Luanda. If you examine the image closer, one would see that we designed our memorial similarly to the Holocaust Museum in Berlin. Their memorial site really inspired the group to create something similar in terms of our aesthetic aspect.

El Esclavo De Caribe, Kanise Triplett, Makenzie Bailey, Amaris Daniels, Jasmine Harris

History from Below: Memorialization Projects

Focusing on the Caribbean aspect of the slave trade, Columbia was one of the most prominent locations that held enslaved people. Over 4,877,836 enslaved peoples were taken to the Caribbean.

This memorial is at the la quinta de san pedro in Santa Marta Colombia. This place is an old hacienda that that was worked on by slaves.