History Commons^™

Forgetting Stories From The Islands, Jeju And Calauit, Raymon D. Ritumban

English Faculty Publications

The traumatic experiences of people from peripheral islands are susceptible to mnemocide. Such erasure of memory is facilitated by “defensive and complicit forgetting,” which, according to Aleida Assmann, leads to “protection of perpetrators.” My paper reflects on the vulnerability of traumas from the islands to mnemocide by looking into [1] the massacre of communists and civilians on Jeju Island, South Korea in 1948 as described in Hyun-Kil Un’s short story “Dead Silence” (2017; English trans.) and [2] the eviction of residents and indigenous people from Calauit Island, Philippines for the creation of a safari in 1976 as imagined in Annette …

Land Use Change In A Pericolonial Society: Intensification And Diversification In Ifugao, Philippines Between 1570 And 1800 Ce, David Max Findley, Stephen Acabado, Noel Amano, Andrea U. Kay, Rebecca Hamilton, Grace Barretto-Tesoro, Greg Bankoff, Jed O. Kaplan, Patrick Roberts

History Department Faculty Publications

Land use modelling is increasingly used by archaeologists and palaeoecologists seeking to quantify and compare the changing influence of humans on the environment. In Southeast Asia, the intensification of rice agriculture and the arrival of European colonizers have both been seen as major catalysts for deforestation, soil erosion, and biodiversity change. Here we consider the Tuwali-Ifugao people of the Cordillera Central (Luzon, Philippines), who resisted Spanish colonial subjugation from the 16th to the mid-nineteenth century, in part through the development of a world-renowned system of intensive wet-rice terrace agriculture. To quantify changes in how the Tuwali-Ifugao used their environment, we …

Buddhist Modernism In The Philippines: Emerging Localization Of Humanistic Buddhism, Aristotle C. Dy

Chinese Studies Department Faculty Publications

Mahayana Buddhism is well known for being successfully implanted in various cultures. Chinese Buddhism, considered one of the three great religions of China along with Confucianism and Taoism, is a classic example. From China, Buddhism traveled further and, in the twentieth century, developed a particular way of engaging the world. Humanistic Buddhism, a particular form of engaged Buddhism that grew out of twentieth-century Chinese Buddhism, has been present in the Philippines since the 1990s and signaled a new phase in the growth of Buddhism in the country. In particular, the Philippine initiators of Foguangshan and Ciji did not limit themselves …

Relational Nation The Appreciation Of Characters In Rizal’S Noli Me Tángere In Two Philippine Public High Schools, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr, Christian Jil R. Benitez, Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal

History Department Faculty Publications

In implementing the Rizal Law, the Department of Education’s K-12 Curriculum Guide emphasizes the study of characters in Rizal’s novels as a means to cultivate patriotism among the youth. In this light, this paper presents ethnographically how students from two public high schools in Rizal Province relate with characters in Noli me tángere. In the classroom, these characters have developed a status akin to “real” historical beings. Concomitantly, students use tropes that connect these characters to their own lives, relationships, and understandings of the social world. The students’ relationships elicit moral standards for imagining the nation and embodying their own …

The Representation Of Japanese Working Women And The Labor Standard Law Of Japan – A Feminist Postcolonial Approach, Angela Louise C. Rosario

Japanese Studies Program Faculty Publications

Since the 1947 Constitution was drafted at the behest of the Allied General Headquarters led by the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP), it is only fitting to scrutinize the media directly under it. One of the policies that should have affected Japanese women’s status is the Labor Standard Law. With this Law as a reference point, this paper anchors the SCAP’s ideals for Japanese women in terms of labor whilst I look at the portrayal of Japanese women in the 1948 issues of Pacific Stars and Stripes, an unofficial military daily newspaper under the supervision of SCAP. Through …

Conjugal Mayorship: The Fernandos And The Transformation Of Marikina, 1992–2010, Meynardo P. Mendoza

History Department Faculty Publications

From 1992 to 2010, during the mayoral terms of Bayani and Maria Lourdes Carlos-Fernando, Marikina underwent an extensive transformation. The husband-and-wife team transformed it from a sleepy, semi-agricultural third-class municipality into a model city and the recipient of many awards and distinctions. Aside from providing the physical infrastructure needed to lay the foundation for the city, the Fernandos also transformed the residents by promoting a culture of order and discipline, and later on introducing corporatist practices in the delivery of basic services. In the process, Marikina became sustainable from a financial and environmental standpoint. This paper argues that Marikina’s transformation …

How Kristo Democratized Langit, Agustin Martin G. Rodriguez

Philosophy Department Faculty Publications

This paper is a philosophical exploration on the native appropriation of the Christian rationality for the creation of a discourse of genuine liberation. This appropriation stimulated the native creation of the discourse of Kaharian ng Langit which shaped the millenarian revolts; the Revolution of 1896; and even subsequent reform and liberation movements in the Philippines. Through a hermeneutical reflection on the babaylan cosmology and the transformation of the concept of the ideal society during the Spanish colonization; the author will show how the indigenous rationality created a new vision of a good society from the imposed colonizing rationality which it …

Escuela Nautica De Manila: Scientific Education In The Spanish Philippines, Philip Vergel Ay-Ad, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

Science education in the nineteenth-century Philippines has been portrayed as highly deficient, yet pockets of respectable scientific education existed. The Escuela Náutica de Manila, which opened in 1820, offered such an education. This article narrates its establishment and discusses its changing curricular offerings in relation to empire-wide initiatives and constraints internal to the Philippines. Its quality of scientific education can be glimpsed from reports related to three episodes: the earthquake in 1863; the planned closure of the school in the late 1880s; and the advent of American colonial rule in the early 1900s. This school survives as the Philippine Merchant …

May Tiktik Sa Bubong, Allan N. Derain

Filipino Faculty Publications

The study examines the motif of ominous bird calls auguring the coming of aswang; from the historical accounts of Antonio Pigafetta and Fr. Jose Castaño; the ethnographic notes of Frank Lynch; and the Panay-Bukidnon epic “Hinilawud.” The comparative reading of these texts configures a critical response to the notion of the community of listeners failing to become credible earwitness as they have misconstrued their own soundscape - a rationalization of the supernatural usually held by etic observers of such communities. The critical analysis follows the dynamics operating in the aswang-bird tandem and the ambiguous role the bird plays in the …

Liberating Ourselves From The Past, Ambeth R. Ocampo

Magisterial Lectures

In this lecture, Ambeth Ocampo sheds light on the Magellan and Lapu-Lapu of collective Philippine imagination, and discusses how history can be used as a tool for both inclusion and exclusion.

Speaker: Ambeth Ocampo is a public historian whose research covers the late nineteenth-century Philippines: its art, culture, and the heroes who figure in the birth of the nation. He writes a widely read Editorial Page column for the Philippine Daily Inquirer and moderates a growing Facebook Fan Page. Ocampo is a Professor and former Chairperson of the Department of History, School of Social Sciences in the Ateneo de Manila …

Pag-Balik: The Dynamics Of Repetition In Virginia Moreno’S The Onyx Wolf, Angelica Maria D. Tomintz

English Faculty Publications

Philippine serial colonialism left indelible marks in the consciousness of the Filipino nation and thus may be considered as cultural trauma. The large volume of literary works focusing on the issue of colonialism demonstrates the impact of this trauma and exhibits what in trauma studies is called repetition. This study distinguishes the repetition presented in Virginia Moreno’s The Onyx Wolf because it indicates working-through and appropriates the concept to the Filipino context. The Filipino word balik embodies this unique form of repetition. Specifically, the Philippine experience of repetition as displayed in The Onyx Wolf involves pagpapabalik-balik (going back and forth), …

Editor’S Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 68 No. 2), Michael D. Pante

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Editor’S Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 68 No. 1), Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ang Patolohiya Ng Espektakulo Sa Panahon Ng Covid-19, Alvin B. Yapan

Filipino Faculty Publications

Itatanghal ng papel ang teorya ng espektakulo ni Guy Debord sa pagbasa ng kasalukuyang kalakaran ng pampublikong diskurso bilang diskurso ng mga imahen. Ipaliliwanag kung paano isang metodong patolohiko ang ganitong pagbasa o pagbibigay interpretasyon sa mga imahen bilang sintomas ng higit na malalalim na sakit na panlipunan. Isa itong patolohiya na maiuugat sa mga panulat nina Jose Rizal, Emilio Jacinto, at mga propagandista. Nagpapakita ito ng kolonyal na ugat ng metodong patolohiko na napatitingkad lamang ng kontradiksiyon nito sa karanasan ng pandemya na dulot ng COVID-19 na isang sakit na tumatanggi sa diagnosis. Sa huli, patutunayan ng papel na …

Editor's Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 67 No. 2), Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Editor’S Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 67 No. 1), Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Gregorio Sancianco, Colonial Tribute, And Social Identities: On The Cusp Of Filipino Nationalist Consciousness, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

Gregorio Sancianco, the author of El Progreso de Filipinas (1881), is an ephemeral figure in Philippine history. Although somewhat known for his defense of the native against charges of indolence, Sancianco advanced a penetrating critique of colonial tribute that generally has been ignored but to which this article draws attention. Sancianco argued that tribute did not only negate the principle of assimilation, but it also divided the native population and provoked social antagonisms. The tribute's abolition in 1884 rendered Sancianco's historical position as transitional, straddling the creole nationalism of the 1860s and the ilustrados' colonial nationalism of the 1880s. …

Scholarship On And From The Margins: Festschrift In Honor Of Resil B. Mojares, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr, Michael D. Pante, Carolines S. Hau

History Department Faculty Publications

A motif that runs through the articles in this special double issue in honor of Resil B. Mojares is the fecundity of the geographic and social margins. Mojares himself celebrates the margin as a “good place to be in” for a writer, who, he emphasizes, must not lapse into isolationism and parochialism. The articles in this issue exemplify scholarship from and on the margins, which are expansive in orientation, yielding fresh insights that challenge current interpretations and giving rise to new historiographies.

Editor’S Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 66 No. 4), Michael D. Pante

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Editor's Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 66 No. 3), Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Editor's Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 66 No. 1), Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Mánang Bidáy: Ang Imahen Ng Babae Na Pinatitingkad Ng Pangunahing Ideya At Bisang Pandamdamin Ng Awiting Bayan, Claudette M. Ulit

Filipino Faculty Publications

Itinatampok ng awiting-bayang Mánang Bidáy ang kultura ng pagliligawan ng mga Ilocano. Matutunghayan dito ang panunuyo ng isang lalaki sa Ilocanang si Mánang Bidáy na nagpamalas ng paninindigan sa kaniyang sariling pagpapasiya. Sa gayon, mainam itong lunsaran ng pagtalakay sa imahen ng babae na pinatitingkad pang lalo ng pangunahing ideya at bisang pandamdamin ng nabanggit na awitin.

Pampanitikang Gawain Ang Pagsasalin, Michael M. Coroza

Filipino Faculty Publications

Binibigyang-diin sa maikling pagtalakay na ito na ang pagsasaling pampanitikan ay isang pampanitikang gawain. Kaugnay kung hindi man tunay na isang sangay ng mga araling pampanitikan ang pagsasalin. Lampas sa tumbasan ng mga salita o parirala, higit sa paghanap ng literal na kahulugan o praktikal na aral ng teksto, ang pampanitikang pagsasalin ay nakatuon sa pagkapanitikan ng panitikan. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit para kay Clifford E. Landers ay mahirap ipatanggap o ipaunawa sa maraming nasa larang ng pragmatikong pagsasalin ang pagsasaling pampanitikan. Hindi ang ibig sabihin lamang ang mahalaga, madalas na mas mahalaga pa ang paraan ng pagsasabi. Wika …

Editor's Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 65 No. 4), Michael D. Pante

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Editor's Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 65 No. 3), Michael D. Pante

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Malay World: Connecting The Past To The Present, Olivia Anne Habana

History Department Faculty Publications

In the late 19^th century – early 20^th century, colonial regimes in Southeast Asia introduced programs for the education and formation of the native peoples that they had colonized. This was done ostensibly to “benevolently assimilate” and civilize their colonial subjects. A closer look at the educational programs of the colonial regimes will reveal that there were other motives which ranged from the practical (creation of a colonial work force) to the spiritual-cultural (transformation of cultural norms to conform with those of the colonizer). In the process, there were also some inadvertent results such as the introduction of …

Editor’S Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 65 No. 2), Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Editor’S Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 65 No. 1), Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Horacio De La Costa, Foreign Missionaries, And The Quest For Filipinization: The Church In The Age Of Decolonization, Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr, Nicholas Sy

History Department Faculty Publications

Fr. Horacio de la Costa became the first Filipino Superior of the Jesuit Province in the Philippines (1964–1970) at a time when the Filipinization of religious orders was intensely contested. As a young priest, De la Costa sought the training of more Filipino priests so that the Catholic Church would “take root” in the country. Filipinization, however, entailed two further questions: Filipino assumption of leadership positions and the role of foreign missionaries. This article examines how De la Costa’s approaches to these issues shifted when he became provincial and as the crisis in Philippine society deepened, revealing the intertwining of …

Editor’S Introduction (Philippine Studies, Vol. 64 No. 2), Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr

History Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.