Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

History Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Articles 61 - 90 of 112

Full-Text Articles in History

“Human Relations Movement In View Of Interpersonal Relations With Emphasis On Mayo’S Work”, Ratnesh Dwivedi Mr Mar 2013

“Human Relations Movement In View Of Interpersonal Relations With Emphasis On Mayo’S Work”, Ratnesh Dwivedi Mr

Ratnesh Dwivedi

Human relations movement refers to the researchers of organizational development who study the behavior of people in groups, in particular workplace groups. It originated in the 1930s' Hawthorne studies, which examined the effects of social relations, motivation and employee satisfaction on factory productivity. The movement viewed workers in terms of their psychology and fit with companies, rather than as interchangeable parts, and it resulted in the creation of the discipline of human resource management. An interpersonal relationship is an association between two or more people that may range in duration from brief to enduring. This association may be based on …


Session A-2: Lincoln And Douglas: The Debates, The Background And Why What You Say Matters, Lee Eysturlid Feb 2013

Session A-2: Lincoln And Douglas: The Debates, The Background And Why What You Say Matters, Lee Eysturlid

Lee W. Eysturlid

This presentation will get at the important meanings and usages of the famous debates for the Senate that took place between Lincoln and Douglas in the state of Illinois. Attendees will gain a working knowledge of the event and explore ways to make use of it in class. Finally, the session will align the materials presented with the Common Core standards dealing with the "integration of knowledge and ideas" as well as "reading and writing for literacy".


Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In this third of three articles, semantic values invoked by Madison and Hamilton for ‘necessary’ = consequence and ‘necessary’ = text crafting are cumulated. Word counts come into play, with the frequency (by percent) multiplied by 1000 for ready comparison. Semantic cleansing is scored.


Bentham's Sieve: Restraining Officials And Entities In The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Bentham's Sieve: Restraining Officials And Entities In The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Jeremy Bentham’s sieve, tidied up, divides sovereign Shouldstatements into responsibilities and disabilities. Responsibilies are subdivided into commands and permissions. Conditional or contingent statements, dependent as they must be on a future real world, are merely hum-drum expressions of the machinery of governing. A survey of restraints appears from the avalanche of 229 deployments of ‘shall’ in the Early Constitution.


Table Annexed To Article: Text Of The Articles Of Confederation In Machine Readable Format And In Constitutional Text Unit Format, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Text Of The Articles Of Confederation In Machine Readable Format And In Constitutional Text Unit Format, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

OCL supplies text of important constitutional documents in MR (Machine Readable) and CTU (Constitutional Text Unit) format which presentations follow strict guidelines. The 3,466 words of the Articles of Confederation are tabled, with the ‘In Witness Whereof’ excluded, but the Preamble included.


Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Exigencies’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Exigencies’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In this third of three articles, frequencies by Madison and Hamilton for ‘exigencies’ are cumulated. Hits surveyed in the three disputed essays are divided equally between Madison and Hamilton. Frequency (by percent) is multiplied by 1000 for ready comparison. The Word vs. the Need contest for primacy at the supra-constitutional level; JM and AH are scored accordingly.


Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Exigencies’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-36, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Exigencies’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-36, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In this first of three articles, the reader’s attention is directed to ‘exigencies’ through quotations drawn from the The Federalist Papers (the focus being on the works of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison). This article then explores their semantic contest in the bank bill debate; finally, given Hamilton’s death in 1804, Madison’s works (from 1817-1836) are examined and quotations drawn from that material.


Session A-3: Across The Wide Missouri: Illinois & Early Exploration Of The Trans-Mississippi West, Claiborne A. Skinner Jr. Feb 2013

Session A-3: Across The Wide Missouri: Illinois & Early Exploration Of The Trans-Mississippi West, Claiborne A. Skinner Jr.

Claiborne A. Skinner Jr.

Illinois History is often perceived as a contradiction in terms. Until the arrival of Abraham Lincoln, most folks think that nothing of any note happened here. This presentation will address the French traders and explorers from the Illinois Country who pushed west up the Missouri and Arkansas Rivers in the century preceding Lewis and Clark's more famous jaunt. The two knew of these French travelers only too well and recruited a half dozen Illinois French at Fort Massac and Kaskaskia to show them how to get to the "unknown". The effect these men had on the Plains was profound.


Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Exigencies’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Exigencies’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In the second of three articles, the works of Madison and Hamilton, from The Federalist Papers through the bank bill debate, and continuing with Madison’s post-1817 works are surveyed. The survey covers 151 works (essays, speeches and letters) over 49 years which consist of 265,859 words. The results count 41 uses of ‘exigencies’ (and its affiliate ‘exigency’) in these works.


Table Annexed To Article: Bentham's Sieve: Restraining Officials And Entities In The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Bentham's Sieve: Restraining Officials And Entities In The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Jeremy Bentham’s sieve, tidied up, divides sovereign Shouldstatements into responsibilities and disabilities. Responsibilies are subdivided into commands and permissions. Conditional or contingent statements, dependent as they must be on a future real world, are merely hum-drum expressions of the machinery of governing. A survey of restraints appears from the avalanche of 229 deployments of ‘shall’ in the Early Constitution.


Table Annexed To Article: Jeremy Bentham Mocks The Declarations, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Jeremy Bentham Mocks The Declarations, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Jeremy Bentham’s sieve, tidied up, divides sovereign Shouldstatements into responsibilities and disabilities. Responsibilies are subdivided into commands and permissions. Conditional or contingent statements, dependent as they must be on a future real world, are merely hum-drum expressions of the machinery of governing. A survey of restraints appears from the avalanche of 229 deployments of ‘shall’ in the Early Constitution.


Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Exigencies’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Exigencies’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In the second of three articles, the works of Madison and Hamilton, from The Federalist Papers through the bank bill debate, and continuing with Madison’s post-1817 works are surveyed. The survey covers 151 works (essays, speeches and letters) over 49 years which consist of 265,859 words. The results count 41 uses of ‘exigencies’ (and its affiliate ‘exigency’) in these works.


Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Semantic Values Surveyed, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Semantic Values Surveyed, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In the second of three articles, word counts are supplied for each value of ‘necessary,’ highlighting the divergent ‘necessary’ = consequence’ and ‘necessary’ = text crafting. The survey covers 151 works (essays, speeches and letters) over 49 years which consist of 265,859 words. , from The Federalist Papers through the bank bill debate, and continuing with Madison’s post-1817 works are surveyed. The survey covers 151 works (essays, speeches and letters) over 49 years which consist of 265,859 words. The results count 487 uses of ‘necessary’ (and its affiliates) in these works.


Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Semantic Values Surveyed, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Semantic Values Surveyed, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In the second of three articles, word counts are supplied for each value of ‘necessary,’ highlighting the divergent ‘necessary’ = consequence’ and ‘necessary’ = text crafting. The survey covers 151 works (essays, speeches and letters) over 49 years which consist of 265,859 words. , from The Federalist Papers through the bank bill debate, and continuing with Madison’s post-1817 works are surveyed. The survey covers 151 works (essays, speeches and letters) over 49 years which consist of 265,859 words. The results count 487 uses of ‘necessary’ (and its affiliates) in these works.


The Parable Of The Miscreant Agent: The Oracle Of The Constitution Denies It Is The Oracle, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

The Parable Of The Miscreant Agent: The Oracle Of The Constitution Denies It Is The Oracle, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

A delegate is appointed to represent the state of Mesosylvania at the constitutional convention; Jane travels to the convention and attends, but follows the instructions of the convention as to how and what she reports to the Governor and Grand Councillors. The logic of principal and agent (anterior to the constitution) is hinted at, but just barely.


Staying The Propanganda Machine: How The Logic Of Secrecy Exposes Possibilities And Probabilities In The Ratification Process, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Staying The Propanganda Machine: How The Logic Of Secrecy Exposes Possibilities And Probabilities In The Ratification Process, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

The Standing Orders of the Philadelphia convention were modified on May 29, 1787 (what would have been their first day on the job) to drop the veil of secrecy over the work of the convention. Considered as a maneuver of preëemption against opponents of reform (outcome expected, given Congress’ resolution of February 21, 1787) the logic of secrecy exposes the possibility that it was a delaying device, staying the hand of reform supporters to launch their efforts until ‘signalled’ via publication of the final constitutional text.


Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-36 Semantic Values Surveyed Through Quotations, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-36 Semantic Values Surveyed Through Quotations, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In this first of three articles, the semantic values of ‘necessary’ are separated into two groups, beginning with The Federalist Papers, with the focus being on the works of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. In the second tranche of works, their efforts – now as opponents – in the bank bill debate are examined; in the third, given Hamilton’s death in 1804, only Madison’s words are examined. Like ‘constitution,’ ‘necessary’ also offers competing values at the quantum level of analysis. Three different values are discoverable.


Chapter 13: Operation Neptune Spear: Was Killing Bin Laden A Legitimate Military Objective?, Kevin H. Govern Feb 2013

Chapter 13: Operation Neptune Spear: Was Killing Bin Laden A Legitimate Military Objective?, Kevin H. Govern

Kevin H. Govern

In this chapter I take the killing of Osama bin Laden as a test case for considering the moral and legal status of intentionally killing individuals deemed a threat to national security, under conditions in which the object of the targeted attack is offered little or no opportunity to surrender to attacking forces. The target in such operations, in short, is treated as though he were a belligerent: a person placed on a kill list may be targeted in a way that would be legitimate if he were an enemy combatant. In such cases, we think of him as having …


Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Feb 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Necessary’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In this third of three articles, semantic values invoked by Madison and Hamilton for ‘necessary’ = consequence and ‘necessary’ = text crafting are cumulated. Word counts come into play, with the frequency (by percent) multiplied by 1000 for ready comparison. Semantic cleansing is scored.


The Worcester Swedes Entered, Robert Kolesar Feb 2013

The Worcester Swedes Entered, Robert Kolesar

Robert J. Kolesar

No abstract provided.


Patrick Henry’S “Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death,” A National Call To Arms, David C. Taylor Jr Feb 2013

Patrick Henry’S “Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death,” A National Call To Arms, David C. Taylor Jr

David C Taylor Jr

On March 23 1775, Patrick Henry gave a speech that resounded through the American Colonies as a call to arms against the oppressive British. His cry to Virginians was to no longer let the tyranny of the British Monarchy reign over them. He did not wish to have war, but war seemed to be the only viable option to get the results he so desperately desired.


Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836: Semantic Values Surveyed With Quotations, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Jan 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836: Semantic Values Surveyed With Quotations, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In this first of three articles, the semantic values of ‘constitution’ and ‘constitutional’ are spread through an eleven way grid, beginning with The Federalist Papers, with the focus being on the works of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. In the second tranche of works, their efforts – now as opponents – in the bank bill debate are examined; in the third, given Hamilton’s death in 1804, only Madison’s words are examined.


Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Semantic Values Surveyed And Cumulated, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Jan 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Semantic Values Surveyed And Cumulated, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In the second of three articles, the works of Madison and Hamilton, from The Federalist Papers through the bank bill debate, and continuing with Madison’s post-1817 works are surveyed. Through 151 works (essays, speeches and letters) over 49 years, word counts are supplied for each value in the eleven-way grid for values of ‘constitution,’ highlighting the divergent ‘constitution’ = text and ‘constitution’ = government. The 946 uses of ‘constitution’ in 49 years in these 151 works appear in 265,859 words.


Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Jan 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In the last of three articles, OCL surveys the deployment of ‘constitution’ through The Federalist Papers, the bank bill debates and the remainder of Madison’s life (post-presidency). Numeric values for hits are computed for the range of semantic values, with the focus being constitution = text (locatable in only one place) competing with constitution = government. A net score is proposed which measures the effort an author has expended to ‘cleanse’ his semantic palette by employing one semantic value over a competing value.


Table Annexed To Article: Our Constitutional Logic Roadmaps Single Word Searches Across Single Or Multiple Work/S, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Jan 2013

Table Annexed To Article: Our Constitutional Logic Roadmaps Single Word Searches Across Single Or Multiple Work/S, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

When authors speak, first as co-authors in collegial alliance, and later as opponents in a nation’s first major dust-up – a national bank is at the center of the controversy – searching out quantum values divulged and obscured, along with ‘null’ results returned at the quantum level supplies an investigator with plenty of raw material for analysis. The approach is roadmapped in his article and the table annexed.


National Legislators Appraise Their World: A Comparison Of Us And Uk Text Writers (1801/1802), Peter J. Aschenbrenner Jan 2013

National Legislators Appraise Their World: A Comparison Of Us And Uk Text Writers (1801/1802), Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Parliament (primary text writer, the House of Commons) produced 26,647 words beginning in 1801; in in a comparable interval, Congress produced 27,123 words. By happy coincidence, this was the first year that Parliament served as the text-writer for the newly-minted United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Appraisives in the English language, numbering 3,687 have been tested against the Early Constitution. Appraisives in the Early Constitution, 2 OCL 193. This investigation tests the known class of appraisives in these target vocabularies employed by Congress and Parliament. Mean words between ‘hits’ are returned.


Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Semantic Values Surveyed And Cumulated, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Jan 2013

Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Semantic Values Surveyed And Cumulated, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In the second of three articles, the works of Madison and Hamilton, from The Federalist Papers through the bank bill debate, and continuing with Madison’s post-1817 works are surveyed. Through 151 works (essays, speeches and letters) over 49 years, word counts are supplied for each value in the eleven-way grid for values of ‘constitution,’ highlighting the divergent ‘constitution’ = text and ‘constitution’ = government. The 946 uses of ‘constitution’ in 49 years in these 151 works appear in 265,859 words.


Our Constitutional Logic Roadmaps Single Word Searches Across Single Or Multiple Work/S, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Jan 2013

Our Constitutional Logic Roadmaps Single Word Searches Across Single Or Multiple Work/S, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

When authors speak, first as co-authors in collegial alliance, and later as opponents in a nation’s first major dust-up – a national bank is at the center of the controversy – searching out quantum values divulged and obscured, along with ‘null’ results returned at the quantum level supplies an investigator with plenty of raw material for analysis. The approach is roadmapped in his article and the table annexed.


Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner Jan 2013

Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In Works Dated To 1787/88, 1790/91 And 1817-1836 Surveyed By Percent Of Words In Source, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

In the last of three articles, OCL surveys the deployment of ‘constitution’ through The Federalist Papers, the bank bill debates and the remainder of Madison’s life (post-presidency). Numeric values for hits are computed for the range of semantic values, with the focus being constitution = text (locatable in only one place) competing with constitution = government. A net score is proposed which measures the effort an author has expended to ‘cleanse’ his semantic palette by employing one semantic value over a competing value.


Abraham Lincoln's Religion: The Case For His Ultimate Belief In A Personal, Sovereign God., Samuel W. Calhoun, Lucas E. Morel Jan 2013

Abraham Lincoln's Religion: The Case For His Ultimate Belief In A Personal, Sovereign God., Samuel W. Calhoun, Lucas E. Morel

Samuel W. Calhoun

None available.