History Commons^™

Machine-Readable Text Of The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

A standardized format for presenting machine-readable text is offered. The Early Constitution’s 5,223 words appear without ‘Article,’ ‘Section,’ or other signals. Applications, including Voyant and proprietary programs, are best employed on text presented in such format. This development is explained.

'Shall’ Vs. ‘Will’ In The Early Constitution: Yet Another Trans-Atlantic Dustup, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Divided by a large ocean and a common language, it’s not surprising that, yet again, empire and colony dispute, and this time, it's helping verbs, , as if taxation without representation weren’t enough of a sore point. Grammar surveyed; points scored.

Who's Got Bragging Rights: Articles Of Confederation Edition, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

The order in the (newly minted) states ratified the Articles of Confederation can be compared with the order these states selected delegates to attend the Second Continental Congress which (in turn) proposed the Articles to the states for ratification. This comparison can then be exploited to assign bragging rights.

Table Annexed To Article: Who's Got Bragging Rights: Articles Of Confederation Edition, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

The order in the (newly minted) states ratified the Articles of Confederation can be compared with the order these states selected delegates to attend the Second Continental Congress which (in turn) proposed the Articles to the states for ratification. This comparison can then be exploited to assign bragging rights.

Table Annexed To Article: Who's Got Bragging Rights, Peter Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

The order in which the original thirteen states ratified the Federal Constitution can be compared with the order in which the twelve states credentialed their delegations to the federal convention. A surprise winner is announced.

Table Annexed To Article: Ages Of The Delegates At The Federal Convention, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Of the fifty-five delegates who attended the federal convention at Philadelphia in 1787, the median in age was Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut, thirty-two years old. The delegate with the median remaining life span was Jacob Broom of Delaware (thirty-three years). The early arrivers were neither older nor younger than the others. Nor were they marked down for a shorter or longer remaining lifespan.

Who's Got Bragging Rights: Delaware Or New Hampshire Or -- ?, Peter Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

The order in which the original thirteen states ratified the Federal Constitution can be compared with the order in which the twelve states credentialed their delegations to the federal convention. A surprise winner is announced.

Table Annexed To Article: The Few, The Happy Few, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

The fifty-five credentialed delegates who attended (at least one or more) sessions of the Philadelphia convention supplied thirty-nine delegate signatories. But this figure is not the fewest number of delegates who could have organized the United States of America; that is, a new government which would substitute for (or secede from) the United States in Congress Assembled, the style of the (then existing) government under the Articles of Confederation.

The Few, The Happy Few: How Many Delegates Would Be Required To Organize The United States Of America?, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

The fifty-five credentialed delegates who attended (at least one or more) sessions of the Philadelphia convention supplied thirty-nine delegate signatories. But this figure is not the fewest number of delegates who could have organized the United States of America; that is, a new government which would substitute for (or secede from) the United States in Congress Assembled, the style of the (then existing) government under the Articles of Confederation.

Chart Annexed To Article: Delegate Arrivals In Philadelphia Compared To Voting Records, Peter Aschenbrenner, David Kimball

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Fifty-five delegates were appointed by twelve states to attend the federal convention in May, 1787. Eleven states ratified the Constitution between December 7, 1787 and July 26, 1788. When delegate arrival dates are compared with the order in which their respective state ratification conventions completed their business, a significant number of delegates supporting the constitution are missing in action.

Table Annexed To Article: Dual Office Holding And Status Acquisition Requirements/Prohibitions In The Federal Constitution, Peter Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

The federal constitution addresses a number of situations in which an aspirant to office or status must abide by requirements/prohibitions regarding dual office holding and status acquisition. The pertinent provisions are reviewed and logical aspects of this issue are introduced.

Dual Office Holding And Status Acquisition Requirements/Prohibitions In The Federal Constitution: The Logic Of Aspirations Introduced, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

The federal constitution addresses a number of situations in which an aspirant to office or status must abide by requirements/prohibitions regarding dual office holding and status acquisition. The pertinent provisions are reviewed and logical aspects of this issue are introduced.

Table Annexed To Article: What Is A Constitutional Convention?, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

‘State constitutional assembly’ is defined along with three subsidiary definitions; difficulties are addressed and solutions proposed; a survey of the 994 assemblies (1775 to 2010) is supplied, and the proposed definition defended; issues for further development are noted.

What Is A Constitutional Convention?, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

‘State constitutional assembly’ is defined along with three subsidiary definitions; difficulties are addressed and solutions proposed; a survey of the 994 assemblies (1775 to 2010) is supplied, and the proposed definition defended; issues for further development are noted.

'Fast And Fourteen': Delegates Who Left The Federal Convention Early, Peter Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Of the fifty-five delegates who attended the federal convention at Philadelphia in 1787, fourteen left before the constitution concluded its business on September 17, 1787. Their voting records disclose that, just like those early arrivers who supported the Constitution, early leavers who opposed the Constitution were overwhelmed by the number of supporters who departed.

Table Annexed To Article: 'Fast And Fourteen:' Delegates Who Left The Federal Convention Early, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Of the fifty-five delegates who attended the federal convention at Philadelphia in 1787, fourteen left before the constitution concluded its business on September 17, 1787. Their voting records disclose that, just like those early arrivers who supported the Constitution, early leavers who opposed the Constitution were overwhelmed by the number of supporters who departed.

Dispelling The Fog About Direct Taxation, James Campbell

James Campbell

A full interpretation of capitation taxes in their historical context is here used as the key to a fresh understanding of the nature and practice of apportioned direct taxation under the Constitution. Contrary to common misconceptions, it appears that none of the key elements of the Federal powers of direct taxation – capitations, other direct taxes, and apportionment – are of uncertain meaning, or no longer of any relevance because of the abolition of slavery. Evidence for these conclusions is drawn from historical studies of taxation, records of the Constitutional Convention, Federal and state tax statutes of the period, contemporaneous …

The Role Of The Law In The Availability Of Public Transit And Affordable Housing In Atlanta’S West End, Elliott Lipinsky

ELLIOTT LIPINSKY

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) is a branch of the U.S. Department of Transportation that administers federal funds and provides technical assistance for the support of locally operated public transit systems. MARTA / Atlanta metro area are part of FTA Region IV (the Southeast). FTA would be involved, for instance, in financing the federal grant monies discussed above. But actual regulation of operations (i.e., what MARTA does each day, or what MARTA will plan to do regionally) is more closely regulated by Georgia agencies.

Until recently, the Atlanta metropolitan area had no powerful central agency to coordinate regional transit. The …

How The British Gun Control Program Precipitated The American Revolution, David B. Kopel

David B Kopel

Abstract: This Article chronologically reviews the British gun control which precipitated the American Revolution: the 1774 import ban on firearms and gun powder; the 1774-75 confiscations of firearms and gun powder, from individuals and from local governments; and the use of violence to effectuate the confiscations. It was these events which changed a situation of rising political tension into a shooting war. Each of these British abuses provides insights into the scope of the modern Second Amendment.

From the events of 1774-75, we can discern that import restrictions or bans on firearms or ammunition are constitutionally suspect — at least …

Anti-Trafficking Legislation In Sub-Saharan Africa: Analyzing The Role Of Coercion And Parental Responsibility, Ruby Andrew, Benjamin N. Lawrance

Fourth Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking, 2012

This article discusses the effect of US and international support for local laws to combat child trafficking in sub-Saharan African states. The annual ranking of African anti-trafficking measures, produced by the US State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (OMCTP) in conjunction with the UN Office on Crime and Drugs, not only provides an important source of data but also creates a powerful incentive for African states to effect legislative change.

We argue that, although the US supports criminalization of traffickers and the OMCTP espouses laws to deter parental inducement to support trafficking activities, the implementation of …

Volume 04, Matt Szemborski, Phillip Van Ness, Sarah Croughwell, Sarah Mayfield, Alyssa Strackbein, Marley Kimmel, Stephanie Skipp, Jamie Yurasits, Katherine Taggart, Alex Leonhart, Kristen Rawls, Andrew Armes, Amanda Haymens, Allison Paqlowski, Erica May, Stephanie Lane, Luke Acree, Cassandra L. Wilson, Stephanie Pishock, Erica Hopson, K. Juston Osborne, Katheryn Grayson, Kyle Fowlkes, Jessica Cox, Kaity Byrum, John-Harwood Scott, Ashley Johnson, Samantha Hockman, Emily Staskiel, Nancy Macdonald, R. Kruger Bressin, Benjamin P. Bilodeau, Andrea Irby, Kristin Macquarrie, Sarah Bietsch, Elizabeth Bednar

Incite: The Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Please note that part of pages 92-95 are redacted, in the digital copy, due to a misprint of the original printed article.

Introduction from Dean Dr. Charles Ross

The Internal Other: Transculturation and Postcolonial Magical Realism in Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children by Matt Szemborski

Photography by Phillip Van Ness

Photography “Waterfall” by Sarah Croughwell

Romancing the Bite: Statistical Analysis of Young Adult Vampire Novels by Sarah Mayfield

Photography by Alyssa Strackbein

Photography by Marley Kimmel

Wine and Society in the Viceroyalty of Peru by Stephanie Skipp

Analysis of Claud Monet’s Impression, Sunrise by Jamie Yurasits

Exploring Meaning: The Lindisfarne Gospels by …