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Articles 1 - 30 of 59
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Is Humanitarian Aid Neutral? The American Ambulance Field Service And The American Red Cross, Laura Neis
Is Humanitarian Aid Neutral? The American Ambulance Field Service And The American Red Cross, Laura Neis
Madison Historical Review
The United States did not outwardly join WWI until April of 1917. However, in the nearly three years in which the U.S. was neutral, they provided medical support to the suffering. This act has been dismissed as humanitarian charity work, and therefore not breaking with neutrality agreements, but it was actually a hotly contested act of foreign policy, and different propaganda campaigns were used to change the minds of American citizens.
Two different groups of medical volunteers show how humanitarian aid shapes perspectives on war. The American Ambulance Field Service drove ambulances for the French army on the front line, …
Middle-Earth’S Middleman: Exploring The Contradictory Positionalities Of Faramir In J.R.R. Tolkien’S 'The Lord Of The Rings', Kelsey A. Fuller-Shafer
Middle-Earth’S Middleman: Exploring The Contradictory Positionalities Of Faramir In J.R.R. Tolkien’S 'The Lord Of The Rings', Kelsey A. Fuller-Shafer
Journal of Tolkien Research
In the large pantheon of characters in The Lord of the Rings, Faramir stands out for his position of unbelonging, and is usually analyzed comparatively to other characters rather than in-depth in his own right. However, more focused considerations of Faramir can articulate the breadth of Tolkien’s influences that were incorporated into Middle-earth as well as the ways in which those influences conflicted with Tolkien's own moral compass, and thus needed to be openly challenged and modified. Those internal conflicts can be interrogated throughout Faramir’s contradictory positions within the literature, history, and societies that Middle-earth represents. His positioning in a …
Participants' Observations Of American Intervention In Siberia, 1918-1920, Daniel R. Smith
Participants' Observations Of American Intervention In Siberia, 1918-1920, Daniel R. Smith
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
By early 1918, the United States was deeply involved in the international politics of Europe's Great War. As the country's attention turned to Europe, Charles Love Flake left his pregnant wife in Arizona to go to Fort McDowell in California for military training. On May 13, he wrote to his wife about the difficulties of boot camp, "If it takes this grind to stop the Huns, I'm the boy that can do it cheerfully."1 On 22 June 1919, Charles Love Flake died from wounds received in active duty. His death happened long after the November Armistice, when most fighting had …
The Hen That Laid The Eggs: Tolkien And The Officers Training Corps [Expanded], Janet Brennan Croft
The Hen That Laid The Eggs: Tolkien And The Officers Training Corps [Expanded], Janet Brennan Croft
Journal of Tolkien Research
J.R.R. Tolkien, sharing an experience with many young men of his class and education, participated in the Officers Training Corps while at King Edward’s School. Because of this program, Tolkien and many of his fellow junior officers in the Great War were already familiar with the procedures of drill and camp and with basic tactics of war games in all kinds of weather. The atmosphere of the training camps of World War I would not have taken them entirely by surprise, but would have been somewhat reminiscent of the great summer encampments of OTC units from around the country—though of …
America’S Mothers: How The Mobilized Women Of Berkeley Harnessed The Power Of Women To Support The Great War And Challenge The Government, Christy Gordon Baty
America’S Mothers: How The Mobilized Women Of Berkeley Harnessed The Power Of Women To Support The Great War And Challenge The Government, Christy Gordon Baty
Graduate Review
This paper examines how middle-class and upper-class women of Berkeley, California harnessed their already-established roles as community organizers and leaders to support the United States Government and their efforts in World War I. These women used the imposed limitations of their role as domestic protector in order to change the scope of their sphere from private to public, and assert their political voice by highlighting their reciprocal relationship with the federal government. In their founding document, the Mobilized Women of Berkeley state that “All of the 151 women’s organizations of Berkeley are willing to give their sons, husbands and brothers …
Playscript Of Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story In Black And White, South Caroliniana Library
Playscript Of Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story In Black And White, South Caroliniana Library
The South Caroliniana Library Report of Acquisitions
No abstract provided.
Chemical Warfare In Wwi: The Psychological Corrosion Of Soldiers Via Chemical Warfare And The 1925 Geneva Convention’S Involvement In Eradicating Future Gaseous Afflictions, Lakin Davis
West Virginia University Historical Review
The discourse surrounding mental health awareness has progressed throughout decades of research, stigma breaking, and connectedness; however, this trend of growth regarding mental illnesses was not as forgiving over a century ago, during and directly after the Great War. Natural elements of war alone caused tumultuous suffering for soldiers within the Triple Entente and the Central Powers. Yet, it was the man-made technologies of World War I that caused the deepest traumas, particularly the chemical variants created by Fritz Haber. By examining this history through a psychological lens, the British soldiers exposed to chemical warfare from Ypres to Verdun are …
The Impact Of French Algeria’S Participation During The First And Second World Wars On The Algerian Nationalist Movement, Reide Prunty
The Impact Of French Algeria’S Participation During The First And Second World Wars On The Algerian Nationalist Movement, Reide Prunty
West Virginia University Historical Review
The colonial relationship between France and French Algeria reached its boiling point during the Algerian War of Independence in 1954 after more than a century of French imperial subjugation. Before this pivotal year, French Algeria was required to support France through two total and primarily European wars. While Algerians believed that such a sacrifice for their imperial mother nation was cause for equality under French law, France was committed to the continued oppression of its colony. This essay argues that French Algeria’s contribution to the French war effort during the First and Second World Wars served as a catalyst to …
Faith And Nationalism: How Christianity Shaped England During World War I, Taylor Kliss
Faith And Nationalism: How Christianity Shaped England During World War I, Taylor Kliss
Voces Novae
This paper examines the impacts of Christianity in England during World War I. More specifically, it goes into detail on the unique ways in which Christian rhetoric blended with nationalist propaganda to create a Christian nationalism that was pivotal in garnering support for the English war effort.
Coalition Warfare—Echoes From The Past, Michael Neiberg
Coalition Warfare—Echoes From The Past, Michael Neiberg
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
Danish Doughboys: Danish American Soldiers In The Us Army And Navy In World War I, Bjarne S. Bendtsen
Danish Doughboys: Danish American Soldiers In The Us Army And Navy In World War I, Bjarne S. Bendtsen
The Bridge
In the park justbelow Marselisborg Castle in Aarhus-the Queen's preferred summer residence-stands the official Danish monument for Danes killed in World War I. It is a beautiful and solemn monument, placed in a scenic setting in the park that stretches from the small castle down to the Bay of Aarhus, with a view of Mols and Helgenaes in the distance. But wasn't Denmark neutral in that war, you may ask? Why, then, a monument for the fallen in a war that the country did not participate in? It is a rather complicated story, which this article outlines by showing the …
The Russian Revolution, Chang-Dae Hyun
The Russian Revolution, Chang-Dae Hyun
Grand Valley Journal of History
The Russian Revolution was caused by the consequences of World War I: economic crises, and demotivated soldiers. In both cases, governments – the Romanov Dynasty and the Provisional Government that first seized power from the Tsar – were unable to resolve these problems. But these factors alone were not sufficient enough to cause the Russian Revolution, rather they should be understood as preconditions. What was also needed was a strong party – the Bolshevik Party – willing and able to capitalize on such preconditions. First, this paper will argue that economic crises such as food shortages, inflation, and poor working …
“None But The Brave Deserve The Fair?” An Analysis Of Lovers Postcards From The First World War, Randall Slonaker
“None But The Brave Deserve The Fair?” An Analysis Of Lovers Postcards From The First World War, Randall Slonaker
Student Projects from the Archives
Over ten percent of postcards in the Lovers Portraits Vol. 1 binder feature couples where the man is wearing a military uniform, with twenty-two of these cards depicting men in World War I era, United States military garb. The images and captions featured on these cards evoke familiar ideas of romance, courtship, and marital fidelity. Therefore, I have chosen to write a short synopsis that groups all of the World War One themed cards in this binder in one of three categories: courtship and pursuit, domesticity and marriage, and marital commitment and fidelity. I have positioned the images and captions …
The United States In The Great War And The Alternate History Of The Twentieth Century, Matthew Anstatt
The United States In The Great War And The Alternate History Of The Twentieth Century, Matthew Anstatt
Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History
The events of the twentieth century were undoubtedly some of the most significant in human history. Exponentially increasing levels of military technology combined with antiquated methods of peacekeeping and archaic systems of government in Europe meant that by the middle of the century the world would see international conflict on an unprecedented scale. This paper aims to examine the role of United States in these events and to question, with the benefit of hindsight, whether the path taken by the Wilson administration was the most prudent.
Thirty Two Days In The Argonne Offensive, Grover C. Maus
Thirty Two Days In The Argonne Offensive, Grover C. Maus
Adams County History
It is manifestly impossible for one man, without access to official records, to write anything like a comprehensive history of the great Meuse-Argonne conflict. So no attempt will be made to write a history, but simply to describe some events, experiences, feelings, and hardships from the standpoint of a personal observer in the hope that they will provide to be typical of the experiences of the average Adams County boy who book part in that battle. [excerpt]
Bringing To Life The Grandfather I Never Knew, Valerie J. Young
Bringing To Life The Grandfather I Never Knew, Valerie J. Young
Adams County History
My grandfather, Chester Allen Bower, was born in New Oxford, Pennsylvania on August 30, 1894 and died near there in Hanover on December 30, 1939. He was my mother's father, and she was just 12 years old when he died. I never had the chance to meet him.
Chester served in the Great War in the U.S. Army's 79th Division, which took part in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive from September to November 1918. This Offensive was the largest military operation ever undertaken by the U.S. Army at that time and its success led, in part, to the end of the war. …
Echoes Of War: The Great War’S Impact On Literature, Samuel R. Williams
Echoes Of War: The Great War’S Impact On Literature, Samuel R. Williams
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This paper examines the works produced by: Erich Maria Remarque, Ernest Hemingway, C.S. Lewis, and J.R.R. Tolkien, specifically to show how their writings recorded and translated the experiences of soldiers during World War I, and their struggle to assimilate into civilian society afterward. By examining authors and novels from varying geographic and national background, common themes of bitterness, trauma, and disillusionment are found in men that fought on both sides of the conflict. Literature’s reflection of these scars appears in the lived experiences woven into the writings by the authors, and the reactions of the wider public that shared similar …
Tolkien's Gimpy Heroes, Victoria Holtz Wodzak
Tolkien's Gimpy Heroes, Victoria Holtz Wodzak
Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature
Tolkien, as an invalided survivor of The Somme, was well aware of the prevalence of disabled soldiers and the difficult life they faced in post-war England. He reflects many of their difficulties in his depictions of war survivors in The Children of Húrin and in The Lord of the Rings.
Editor's Note, Eileen Hagerman
Editor's Note, Eileen Hagerman
Maine History
Overview of the contents of this issue of Maine History by its Editor.
From The Collections Of The Maine Historical Society, Jamie Kingman Rice
From The Collections Of The Maine Historical Society, Jamie Kingman Rice
Maine History
Discussion of the Maine Historical Society's pamphlet collection.
From The Bsu Archives - Robert Pellissier (Bridgewater Normal ’03): Classmate, Educator, Soldier And Friend, Orson Kingsley
From The Bsu Archives - Robert Pellissier (Bridgewater Normal ’03): Classmate, Educator, Soldier And Friend, Orson Kingsley
Bridgewater Review
No abstract provided.
Revolution And World War I Civil Rights?: Transnational Relations And Mexican Consul Records In Mexican American Educational History, 1910-1929, Victoria-María Macdonald, Gonzalo Guzmán
Revolution And World War I Civil Rights?: Transnational Relations And Mexican Consul Records In Mexican American Educational History, 1910-1929, Victoria-María Macdonald, Gonzalo Guzmán
Education's Histories
MacDonald and Guzmán demonstrate how the Mexican residents in the United States lobbied the Mexican government and Mexican consulates in the U.S. to secure their children's access to schooling from 1910-1929.
Will War's Nature Change In The Seventh Military Revolution?, F. G. Hoffman
Will War's Nature Change In The Seventh Military Revolution?, F. G. Hoffman
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
This article examines the potential implications of the combinations of robotics, artificial intelligence, and deep learning systems on the character and nature of war. The author employs Carl von Clausewitz’s trinity concept to discuss how autonomous weapons will impact the essential elements of war. The essay argues war’s essence, as politically directed violence fraught with friction, will remain its most enduring aspect, even if more intelligent machines are involved at every level.
Woodrow Wilson: The Folly In Europe And The Future Of Foreign Policy, Lee Elliot
Woodrow Wilson: The Folly In Europe And The Future Of Foreign Policy, Lee Elliot
Agora
No abstract provided.
The Black Press In Minnesota During World War I, Alejandra Galvan
The Black Press In Minnesota During World War I, Alejandra Galvan
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato
April 2017 marks the 100th anniversary of the United States entering World War I. Many enjoy learning about the battles, the military, and the Homefront. But there is a need for more scholarship to understand the role African Americans played in the war. From my research, many African Americans disagreed with US involvement. Why would a country agree to fight for democracy overseas when its citizens need freedom at home? Racism in the United States concerned African Americans deeply. At the same time, however, African Americans viewed World War I as a way to demonstrate their patriotism. Black citizens …
Reading Democracy And Education In The Context Of World War I, Thomas Fallace
Reading Democracy And Education In The Context Of World War I, Thomas Fallace
Democracy and Education
In this historical study, the author offers a reading of Dewey’s Democracy and Education in the context of the two other books Dewey published the year before, German Philosophy and Politics and his coauthored Schools of To-morrow. Having published three books in two years, Democracy and Education arrived at the end of one of Dewey’s most prolific periods. Through these three texts, Dewey offered a pointed critique of authoritarian German politics, philosophy, and schooling and crafted an innovative pedagogy grounded in progressive democratic ideals as contrast. Using Germany as a clear and present foil, Dewey clarified his ideas on American …
"Time To Prepare A Face": Mythology Comes Of Age, Andrew Lazo
"Time To Prepare A Face": Mythology Comes Of Age, Andrew Lazo
Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature
Guest of Honor address from Mythcon 47. A study of the place of mythology in ancient, medieval, and modern literature, the responses of Lewis and Tolkien to Modernity, and a meditation on Lewis’s thoughts on joy and the varieties of love in Surprised by Joy, the Narnia books, The Four Loves, and especially Till We Have Faces, for which Lazo offers an insightful reading of the concluding pages.
“I Must Tell The Whole World”: Septimus Smith As Virginia Woolf’S Legal Messenger, Riley H. Floyd
“I Must Tell The Whole World”: Septimus Smith As Virginia Woolf’S Legal Messenger, Riley H. Floyd
Indiana Law Journal
This Note explores the disjunctive moral gap between a civilian ethic of mutual responsibility and the laws of war that eschew that ethic. To illustrate that gap, this Note conducts a case study of Virginia Woolf’s rendering of shell shock in her 1925 novel Mrs. Dalloway. The war put mass, mechanized killing at center stage, and international law permitted killing in war. But Woolf’s character study of Septimus Smith reveals that whether war-associated killing is “criminal” requires more than legal analysis. An extralegal approach is especially meaningful because it demonstrates the difficulty of processing and rationalizing global conflict that plays …
Prospects For Peace: The View From Beijing, Jacqueline N. Deal
Prospects For Peace: The View From Beijing, Jacqueline N. Deal
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
The Soldier As "I"-Witness In Novels By Barbusse And Ehni, Jane E. Evans
The Soldier As "I"-Witness In Novels By Barbusse And Ehni, Jane E. Evans
CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture
In her article "The Soldier as 'I'-Witness in Novels by Barbusse and Ehni" Jane E. Evans discusses the representation of the French soldier in two first-person accounts based on life writing journals. The first, set during World War I, describes the simple ground soldier or troufion (Le Feu). The second, set during the Algerian War for Independence and later, sketches the life of the French army conscript. Three themes in Evans's analysis predominate: the narrators' reliance on life writing as sources of inspiration in both Henri Barbusse's 1916 Le Feu and René-Nicolas Ehni's 2002 Algérie roman, the narrator's …